• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2013

This study was conducted to provide basic data for development of a dietary education textbook and guidebook by investigating and analyzing eating behavior, nutrition knowledge and educational needs in elementary school students. Most of the subjects were eating three meals a day (71.5%) and breakfast (75.3%). The percentage of students who consumed proper amount of meals (49.2%) was low. The percentage of students consuming salty food and fatty foods was 28.6% and 42.1%, respectively. The consumption of meat, fish, egg, bean and tofu was high, while the consumption of vegetables, fruits and seaweed was low. The percentage of students consuming processed food was high, but the percentage reading nutrition labels (34.9%) and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) mark (26.9%) when buying processed foods was very low. Total scores of eating behavior and nutrition knowledge were significantly higher in female students than in male students (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). The desirable frequency of the education was once a week (60.5%). The most preferred educational method was 'experiment and cooking practice' (40.1%). The students wanted dietary information as 'cooking' (39.0%). As a result of this study, many problems were found in the eating behavior of students and nutritional knowledge was observed to be low as well. On the other hand, the demand for dietary education was very high. The findings of this study suggested the need for developing dietary education programs in order to encourage proper eating habits of students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.553-566
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to examine the dietary adaptation in Korea, and utilization of university foodservice (UF), according to the nationality of foreign students. The survey was conducted from April to June in 2017, and included 604 subjects studying in a university in Busan. The questionnaire was designed to examine the adaptability to Korean food and the consumption of UF. The nationalities included students from China (63.4%), Vietnam (13.2%), Central Asia (8.9%), Southeast Asia (5.0%), and others (9.4%). Vietnamese and Southeast Asians showed higher adaptation to Korean food than Chinese or Central Asians. The degree of contribution of UF to diet was highest amongst the Chinese, followed by Vietnamese. The main reason for not consuming UF for the Chinese and Southeast Asians was 'lack of menu variety', and for Central Asians was 'no menu that can be eaten, including due to religious reasons'. In order to improve UF, all groups asked for increased 'variety of menu', and Vietnamese and Southeast Asians also asked for 'decrease in price'. In meat, fish, and vegetable menus, there were significant differences in the types and recipes of foods preferred, as per the nationality. These results indicate that different approaches by considering the national characteristics are required, to help international students adapt to Korean food, and to increase their consumption of UF.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.309-320
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was undertaken to compare dietary life of the elderly living alone and in a family, and to compare differences based on gender, for the 2013-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The subjects included 2,612 elderly people aged over 65 years who participated in the health survey, health examination and nutrition survey. Subjects on a diet therapy were excluded. This study analyzed the general characteristics, dietary habits, daily energy and nutrient intakes, CPF ratio, estimated average requirement (EAR), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR), index of nutrient quality (INQ), and food consumption of the elderly living alone and in a family. We also compared the differences based on gender. Results: Daily intake of food, water, dietary fiber, potassium, retinol, and riboflavin were low in the male elderly subjects living alone. The elderly living with family revealed higher NAR and MAR as compared to the elderly living alone. Although all MAR values were <1, the elderly living alone had lower values. Considering the intake of food, the consumption of seaweed, fish and shellfish, and oils (animal) was higher in elderly men living with families, whereas women living with families consumed more vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seafood, as compared to their counterparts living alone. Furthermore, analyzing the foods consumed by the elderly people living alone, female subjects consumed more seaweed, milk and animal oil as compared to male subjects. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the elderly living alone have poor nutrient intake as compared to the elderly living with families. Based on this research data, we recommend that it is necessary to improve the health and nutritional status of the elderly living alone.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.257-268
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Korean baby boomers and their levels of psychosocial stress. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study included 1,656 adults (889 men and 797 women) born between 1955 and 1963 who participated in the 2005-2006 survey of the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The Mediterranean-type diet score (MTDS) was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) data. The psychosocial stress levels were calculated using the psychosocial well-being indexshort form (PWI-SF). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the MTDS (tertiles) and the prevalence of high psychosocial stress by gender. RESULTS: The ranges of the MTDS tertile groups were T1 (20-33 points), T2 (34-37 points), and T3 (38-39 points) for men, T1 (20-33 points), T2 (34-37 points), and T3 (38-48 points) for women. In both men and women, the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish increased with higher MTDS, while the consumption of red meat and dairy products decreased (P for trend < 0.05). As MTDS score increased the intake of energy, fiber, vitamins, and minerals (P for trend < 0.05). Men in the highest MTDS tertile had a 41% lower odds ratio (OR) of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.91). Similarly, women in the highest tertile of the MTDS had a 39% lower OR of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95). CONCLUSION: Promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet among baby boomers may have a positive impact on reducing their levels of psychosocial stress.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2013

Hatchery-reared seeds provides a key source of animal protein for human consumption and restocking for fishery management. For stock enhancement program, we have inspected the hatchery-reared seeds of 33 species in 2009, 44 species in 2010, 43 species in 2011 and 46 species in 2012 for legally designated diseases. Results showed that abalone was the most abundant in the marine species group and then sea cucumber, olive flounder, rockfish and swimming crab were followed. Crucian carp was the most abundant and then mandarin fish, Korean bullhead, melanian snail and Chinese mitten crab were followed in the freshwater species group. The number of inspection for black sea bream, rock bream, scorpionfish, black scraper, and eel has continuously decreased for four years. The inspection for flathead mullet has been carried out only in 2009. The total number of inspection cases for eight pathogens in this study were 8,476 and disqualification cases were 56 (0.67%) by detection of aquatic animals pathogens such as koi herpesvirus, white spot syndrome virus, red sea bream iridovirus or viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2007

The feeding habits of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were studied based on the examination of stomach contents of 192 specimens collected from November, 2005 to January, 2006 in the coastal waters off Gadeok-do, Korea. The size of Pacific cod ranged from 35 to 82 cm in standard length (SL). Pacific cod mainly consumed shrimps such as Eualus spathulirostris, Crogon hakodatei and C. affinis and fishes. Its diet also included small quantities of cephalopods, amphipods, hermit crabs and crabs. Individuals between 35 cm and 45 cm SL mainly consumed shrimps. The portion of shrimps decreased with increasing fish size, and this decrease was paralleled with increased consumption of fishes and cephalopods. In this study we found Syngnathus schlegeli in the stomach contents of many Pacific cod specimens. S. schlegeli is a typical seagrass fish species which inhabits in seagrass beds, This fact means that Pacific cods stay in the seagrass beds during spawning period. Therefore migration of Pacific cod to coastal waters off Gadeok-do during spawning period seems to be a survival strategy for its larvae and small juveniles to stay in seagrass beds which provide with abundant foods and shelters to many commercial fish species.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.675-685
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool, the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for screening Overweight Dietary Patterns in people in their 20's. We used the data from the 20 to 29 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys: the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 1998. The 1,493 adults were classified into two body fatness groups, that of normal (including the underweight) , and the overweight (including the obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW). When comparing general variables between the two groups, significant differences (11 variables) were found in gender, sadness/depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, presently a smoker, everyday smoking habits, number of alcoholic drinks in the past month, and the number of alcoholic drinks when dunk, as well as snacking frequency and fatty food consumption. There were significant differences between the two groups in the three variables of daily soup/kuk, pan fried fish/meat/poultry and cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid in terms of cooked food intake, and 11 variables of food size, cooked rice, stews, vegetables and kimchi at breakfast, panfried foods and beverage/teas at lunch, cooked rice and stews (liquid) at dinner, cooked fish paste/ham/dried squid at snacks and cooked fishpaste/ham/dried squid at snack between lunch and dinner. In terms of raw food intake, we observed significant differences (8 variables) in daily food intake and grains, grains/vegetables/fishes (shellfish) at breakfast, meat at lunch and milt at snack after dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis using 34 variables, including these 33, plus eating-out frequency, we chose 10 questions for the simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight category, in order to give each one point each. Among them we assigned an additional point to one question and two points to another question. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the questionnaire developed, were 5.97 $\pm$ 2.36 and 7.36 $\pm$ 2.21, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 49.3%,75.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The total score categorized as an overweight dietary pattern was 30.2%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2009

The fishing lamp is a fishing gear that gathers fish at night. But the cost of oil, which is used to light fishing lamp, has been risen significantly up to 30-40% of total fishing costs. Therefore it is very urgent to develop an energy economical fishing lamp in order to solve the business difficulties of fisheries. Under this background, this research aims at developing a fishing lamp for squid jigging and hairtail angling fishery using the LED, which has excellent energy efficiency and durability. The LED fishing lamp developed can be controlled to fix a fit direction of fish shoal deep because a fishing lamp can be adjustable up and down directions. One unit of fishing lamp has about an 80Watt capacity and the frame of fishing lamp is made of aluminium to emit generated heat of LED to outside. The LED lamp developed was highly durable, only 5.7% of emitting efficiency decreased for 18 months. The illuminance of a unit LED lamp was 2,070lux at 1m and 21lux at 10 m distance, and the intensity of LED lamp system emitted 2,580lux and 400lux at the respective distances. After development of this fishing lamp, 100 units are installed on operating fishing vessels. Experimental results show that energy consumption of squid jigging and hairtail angling was reduced by 40% and 87%, respectively. In conclusion, our methods showed elevated fishing power, compared with traditional fishing method: 37.7% for squid jigging and 24.5% for hairtail angling.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1998

In this study, we evaluated the dietary fatty-acid pattern and serum fatty-acid composition of middle school students (total, 355 ; male, 182 ; female, 173), who are vulnerable to excessive and unbalanced food intakes such as fatty acids and energy. In serum lipid levels, total Chol (p<0.05) and HDL-Chol (p<0.001) levels of female students were significantly higher than those of mal, students. The average fat intake was 23-26 energy % which falls in with the current recommendation level (15-25%) for adults. Although the average P/M/S ratio of dietary fat was 1.1/1.2/1.0 which approaches the recommended ratio, the average range of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid ratio of dietary fat was found to be 12.0-16.5, which is higher than the presently recommended range of 4 -10. Some of the very high values found in this study were partly explained by the fact that the range of individual variation of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratios was very large. Mean daily intake of Chol was 357-361 mg. The n3 fatty acid intake of middle school students was higher in the LFHM (high fish low meat) group than in the LFHM (low fish high meat) group. EPA and DHA intakes appeared to be significantly higher (p<0.01) in the HFLM group than in the LFHM group as expected. Dietary total $\omega$3 fatty acids (p<0.05) and EPA (p<0.01) were also negatively associated with serum AA($\omega$6) levels. Interestingly, energy intakes and dietary SEAs such as 12 : 0 (p<0.05), 14 : 0 (p<0.01) and 16 : 0 (p<0.05) were negatively associated with serum AA ($\omega$6) levels. To lower the $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio of dietary fatty acids for children, frequent consumption of $\omega$3 series fatty-acid rich foods such as soy bean, bean products and fish is recommended. Detailed guidelines should be developed in recommending balanced food intake and qualitative fat intake for Korean adolescents taking heterogeneous groups into consideration. In accurately evaluating fatty acid intake, it is also necessary to have the fatty acid composition data of all foods consumed in each country.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.295-310
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• 1993

As a part for the development of effective mass production techniqne of the puffer, Takifugu rubripes. seedfish, an investigation was carried out in 1989. 1991 and 1992 to determine the optimum starting feeding time of rotifers as a starting food for the fish larvae, and to find out the influences of the light intensitiy and LD cycles on the Artemia consumption by the larvae. The optimum starting time of feeding with rotifer. Brachionus Plicatilis was 2nd to 5th day from hatching resulting in survival of $96.5\~90.0\%$. Optimum light conditions for maximum feeding for fish larvae with Artemia were 1000 lux in 6mm, 600 lux in 8mm, and 200 lux in total length of 10-12 mm larvae. Relationship between total length (X: mm) of fish (6-12 mm in total length) and light intensity (Y: lux) for maximum feeding was:Y=2200-200X (r=-1.000). Relationship between days from hatching (X) and total length (Y: mm) of puffer fry was :Y=1.6427+0.2540X(r=0.9814) for 3 to 36 days after hatching, Y=-33.1452+1.1867X(r= 0.9854) for 36 to 68 days after hatching. Survival rate for 68 days after hatching was $24.1\%$ and the range of water temperature during this period was $21.25\pm1.67^{\circ}C$.