• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.293-301
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible utilization of 5 different animal protein sources in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Meat and bone meal (MBM), feather meal (FM), squid liver powder (SLP), poultry by-product(PBP) and blood meal (BM) were chosen to be the candidate for the possible ingredients for the dietary fish meal replacer in rainbow trout feed. Six different diets were formulated of isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of $48\textperthousand$ crude protein and 16.7 kJ/g diet: diet 1, $100\textperthousand$ white fish meal (WFM); diet w, $80\textperthousand$ WFM +20% MBM; diet 3, 80% WFM +20% FM; diet 4, 80% WFM+20% SLP; diet 5, 80% SFM+20% PBP; diet 6, 80% WFM +20% BM. As the dietary protein sources, each diet containing 34.7% of animal protein were supplied by WFM with and without MBM, FM, SLP, PBP or BM and approximately 64.2% of plant protein. After one week of conditioning period, fish averaging 2g were divided into six groups and fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. After eight weeks of feeding trials, there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed conversion ratio among groups of fish fed diet 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6(P>0.05). However, weight gain of fish fed diet 2 were significantly lower than those of fish fed diet 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6(P<0.05). These results indicated that FM, SLP, PBP and BM can be used as a dietary fish meal replacer up to 20% in juvenile rainbow trout.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.868-872
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the long term effects of dehulled soybean meal (DHSM) as fish meal (FM) replacer in the diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, for 42 wk at a commercial fish farm. The four experimental diets were MP (moist pellet based on raw fish), $DHSM_0$ (fish meal based dry pellet), $DHSM_{30}$ (30% fish meal was replaced by DHSM) and COMD (commercial dry pellet). Fish were fed one of the four diets containing 50% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy/kg diet for 42 wk. Fish averaging $3.20{\pm}0.04g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were initially distributed to each tank as a group of 6,000 fish reared in a flow-through system. At the end of the experiment, average body weight of fish was $315{\pm}9.3g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) ). Weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed MP, DHSM0 and DHSM30 showed no significant difference among the diet treatments. However, WG and FE of fish fed MP were significantly higher than those of fish fed COMD (p<0.05). Specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival of fish fed all diets were not significantly different among the dietary treatments. Therefore, these results indicate that DHSM could replace up to 30% white fish meal with amino acid supplementation in olive flounder diets for long-term feeding practice at the commercial farm.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1997

본 연구는 잉어 사료의 어분 대체사료원으로서 피혁분과 육골분의 이용 가능성과 어분단백질 대체 범위를 결정하고 잉어용 어분대체품 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 본 실험사료의 단백질원으로 동물성으로는 북양어분(White Fish Meal, WFM), 피혁분(Leather Meal, LM), 육골분(Meat & Bone Meal, MBM)을 식물성으로는 대두박(Soybean Meal, SM), 콘글루텐밀(Corn Gluten Meal, CGM)을 사용하였고, 조단백질 함량은 39.5%, 가용성 에너지는 15.3 KJ/g으로 동일하게 맞추었고, 실험사료내의 어분대체 비율은 다음과 같다 : diet 1 (대조구), 100% white fish meal (WFM, control) : diet 2, 75% WFM+25% leather meal (LM) : diet 3, 50% WFM+50% LM : diet 4, 75% WFM+25% meat and bone meal (MBM) : diet 5, 50% WFM+50% MBM. 일주간의 먹이붙임후에 잉어는 각 실험군별 평균어체중 10 g이 되도록 하여 3반복으로 무작위 배치하였고, 첫 번째와 두 번째 4주간의 사육기간이 끝난 8주후에는 평균어체중이 28 g이 되도록 재배치하여 세 번째 4 주간동안 사육하였다. 사료는 1일 3회 어체중의 2.7-4%로 12주간 공급하였다. 첫 번째와 두 번째 4주후 사료 1(대조구)과 2의 증체율은 유의적 차이가 없었으나(P>0.05), 사료 3, 4, 5는 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 이와는 달리 세 번째 4주후에 있어서는 대조구와 비교하여 전 사료구에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 전어체 일반성분 분석결과, 8주의 수분과 12주의 조지방을 제외하고는 모든 사료구의 일반성분치(수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분)에 있어서 유의적 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 본 실험 결과, 사료내 동물성 단백질원으로 피혁분과 육골분은 충분한 먹이붙임후에 어분단백질의 50%까지 대체 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible utilization and the replacing range of fish meal analogue (FMA) as a dietary animal protein source for fish meal replacer in fingerling common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Leather meal, meat and bone meal, feather meal, squid liver powder, poultry by product meal, blood meal and amino acids were selected as ingredients for FMA. fish averaging 12.5 g were fed one of five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing fish meal and/or FMA as the dietary animal protein sources. Fish meal protein (0, 20, 40, 60 or 100%) was replaced by the graded level of FMA protein. The feeding trial was conducted for 12 weeks after one week of conditioning period. Percent weight gain of fish fed diets containing 20%, 40% and 60% FMA were not significantly different from that of the fish fed the control diet (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio of fish fed diets containing 20%, 40%, 60% and 100% FMA were not significantly different from that of fish fed control diet. These findings suggest that replacement of fish meal protein by FMA could be possible up to 60% of fish meal protein in fingerling Israeli carp diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2014

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary fermented by-product of mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, (FBPM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer in juvenile Amur catfish, Silurus asotus. A total number of 225 fish averaging $5.7{\pm}0.1g$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were fed one of the five experimental diets formulated to replace FM with FBPM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ($FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$, $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$, and $FBPM_{30}$, respectively). At the end of eight weeks of the experiment, average weight gain (WG) of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in WG among the fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$ or $FBPM_{10}$, and between fish fed $FBPM_{10}$ or $FBPM_{20}$, and also between those fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets. Lysozyme activity of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). The chemiluminescent response of fish fed $FBPM_5$ was significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). Broken line regression analysis of WG suggested that the maximal dietary inclusion level for FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% without any adverse effects on whole body composition and on serological characteristics. Therefore, these results may indicate that the maximal dietary inclusion level of FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% in juvenile Amur catfish.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2002년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공둥학술발표회
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• pp.257-258
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• 2002

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2002년도 춘계 한국양식학회 학술대회 발표요지
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• pp.232-234
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• 2002

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented skipjack tuna viscera (FSTV) in the diet for juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Lactobacillus bulgaricus was used for fermentation of skipjack tuna viscera. Eight isonitrogenous (about 30% crude protein) diets were formulated to include different levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of FSTV as a replacer of either dietary fish meal or soybean meal. Three replicate groups of abalone were fed the experimental diets containing different levels of FSTV for 7 weeks. The inclusion of FSTV up to 30% in fish meal-based diet had no significant effect on survival, body weight, shell growth, and proximate composition of abalone (P>0.05). Weight gain of abalone fed the diet substituting 10% FSTV for soybean meal was not significantly different to that of abalone fed the control diet, however this value decreased in abalone fed the 20% and 30% FSTV (P<0.05).The contents of crude protein and lipid of soft body in abalone fed soybean meal-based diets were significantly affected by dietary FSTV level (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that FSTV can be used as a partial substitute protein source for fish meal or soybean meal in the formulated diet for juvenile abalone.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.380-385
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• 1998

본 연구는 성장기 잉어 사료의 어분 대체사료원으로서 축산가공혼합부산물 (Animal by-product mixture. ABPM)의 이용 가능성과 어분단백질 대체 범위를 결정하고 잉어용 어분대체품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 본 실험사료의 동물성 단백질원으로는 북양어분(White Fish Meal, WFM)과 수지박 (Leather Meal. LM). 육골분 (Meat&Bone Meal, MBM). 혈분 (Blood Meal, BM). 오징어내 장분 (Squid Liver Powder, SLP)의 혼합물인 축산가공부산혼합물 (Animal by-product mixture. ABPM)을 사용하였고. 식물성 단백질원으로는 대두박 (Soybean Meal, SM)과 콘글루텐밀 (Corn Gluten Meal, CGM)을 사용하였다. 모든 실험사료는 조단백질함량 $40\%$. 가용성 에너지 15.3 KJ/g (protein. carbohyd-rate and lipid; 16.7, 16.7 and 37.7 J/g)으로 동일하게 맞추었고 각 사료의 성분조성은 다음과 같이 요약된다. diet 1, $100\%$ WFM+$0\%$ ABPM ($0\%$ ABPM. control); dict 2, $75\%$ WFM+$25\%$ ABPM ($25\%$ ABPM); diet 3, $50\%$ WFM+$50\%$ ABPM ($50\%$ ABPM): diet 4, $25\%$ WFM+$75\%$ ABPM ($75\%$ ABPM), diet 5, $0\%$ WFM+$100\%$ ABPM ($100\%$ ABPM). 각 사료내 단백질원으로서, 동물성 단백질은 어분과 ABPM을 사용하여 총단백질의 $34.7\%$를, 식물성 단백질은 $65.3\%$를 공급하였다. 일주간의 먹이붙임후에 잉어는 각 실험군별 평균어체중 10g 되도록하여 3반복으로 무작위 배치하였고, 전반기 첫 번째와 두번째 4주간의 사육기간이 끝난 8주후에는 평균어체중이 28g 되도록 재배치하여 추가로 후반기 세번째 4주간 총 12주동안 사육하였다. 사료는 1일 3회 어체중의 $2.7\~4\%$로 12주간 공급하였다. 매 2주마다 체중을 측정하였고 전반기 8주, 12주후 체장, hemoglobin, hematocrit 및 일반성분 분석을 실시하였다. 전반기 첫 번째 4주후 증체율 및 사료전환효율은 유의적 차이가 없었으나 전반기 두번째 4주후 사료 3, 4 및 5는 사료 I (대조구)보다 유의적으로 낮았다 (P<0.05). 이와는 달리 후반기 세번째 4주후의 모든 사료구의 증체율 및 사료전환효율에는 유의적 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 또한, 전어체 일반성분 분석 결과 전$\cdot$후반기동안 모든 사료구의 일반성분치 (수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분)에는 유의적 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 본 실험 결과, 사료내 동물성 단백질원으로 ABPM은 충분한 먹이붙임 후에 어분단백질의 $100\%$까지 대체 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2019

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by a blend of lysine cell mass, corn protein concentrate and poultry by-product meal on the growth and blood chemistry of the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. The fish meal replacer (FMR) was prepared to have the same level of protein as fish meal (FM). With a commercial diet as a positive control, five experimental diets (basal, FM42, FM32, FM22 and FM12) were formulated to contain 52% protein and 10% lipid. The dietary FM levels decreased from 52% (basal) to 42, 32, 22 and 12% with concomitant increase in the FMR to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively. Juvenile starry flounder with an average body weight of 177.3 g were randomly distributed in each (30 fish/tank) of 18 plastic tanks ($139{\times}99{\times}54cm$). After a 45-day feeding trial, the survival rate ranged from 95.6% (FM22) to 100% (control and FM42), while the weight gain of the fish groups varied from 49.7 to 58.4 g. The results clearly revealed that starry flounder can grow well on a diet containing low FM (12%) with a high level of FMR (50%) without any adverse effects.