• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.96-110
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• 2008

Differing from civil engineering and construction, landscape architecture projects are far from efforts in operation and project management. Under the circumstances, it is worthwhile to adopt scope definition from project management for construction and civil engineering in some respects. First, scope definition is able to be conducted through a simple procedure without additional investment in capital and time. Second, the output produced by scope definition is very substantial. The research scrutinized scope definition procedures accompanied by landscape architecture project execution and derived various methods in order to help scope definition for efficient landscape architecture projects. Based on the literature review, a design case study, and an exert interview, the project success elements were developed consisting of 3 sections, 8 categories and 50 elements, grounded on the theoretical base of PDRI. The elements are expected to pave a way to an adequate level of scope definition among participants of landscape architecture projects and contribute in efficient project execution.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2012

This study is an historical consideration about the modern discourse of Japanese spacial tradition driven from cultural background. The purpose of this study is to establish a cartographic map of historical progress, and to shed light on the forming of identity in Japanese traditional space design on the schizo-analytical aspect. It adopts F. Guattari's psychoanalytic theory to the structural analysis of Japanese traditional space design. The process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, it mentions Guattari's theory of Mechanical Unconscious, Schizo-analysis, Cartography, and Abstract machine as theoretical background. And, it considers the identity of Japanese traditional space constructed by various cultural sign over a long period of time as the statement of apriority. Secondly, it clarifies semiologic generation of Japanese traditional space design based on the analysis of spacial morphemes about each design stemmed from modernization process of Japan. Thirdly, it ascertains semiologic topography the representamens draw, i.e. schizo-analytic cartography from synchronic and diachronic point of view. Fourthly, it analyses traditional discourse structure in terms of generative schizo-analysis and transformational schizo-analysis with four categories- object, style, concept, strategy. Through this process, it studies the reproduction of Japanese tradition in terms of the 'social organization', and explores the way vitalized on the space-time coordinate system by the schizo-analysis of the mechanical unconscious. In conclusion, it clarifies Generative-schizo is accomplished in the level of formulating representamen, and Transformational-Schizo involves experimental mind that induce implantation of the heteromorphic elements and avant-garde experiments of abstract mechanical operation in the schizo-analysis of Japanese traditional space design. The significance of this study is to arrange an opportunity of introspection on Korean-ness seriously from inspecting logic of Japan-ness closely in traditional space design.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2019

This paper is aimed to introduce the practical case about the operation system consisted of academic curriculum and portal system for the IPP implementation. After benchmarking the preceding universities system, the academic program is renewed for our student's participation without difficulty with semi-quater semester system. The portal system is designed to focus on the studentindustry matching and the adaptation to disparate databases of the university. The IPP operation system have been constructed to fulfill the 1st-year-plan as a participating university in 4th period support of Korean government. The first year project performance with constructed system indicated that in many categories of the survey conducted by the IPP management institution, the satisfaction level in that system exceeded the average value of the IPP participating universities nationwide. The improvement direction was set after analyzing the results of the survey.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.323-352
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• 2001

Venture business plays a great role in creating national competitive power in every country. In particular, software venture business can mostly belong to manufacturing business, and takes the top seat of core industry as the basis of globalization, informatization and localization as well as the driving force of national competitive power. However, software venture business still has some risks in the whole area of business administration including the process of business starting. There are also problems to be solved in such areas as manager's ability, leadership, talent, level of technical development, marketing channel, recruiting of marketing specialists, financial plan and fund raising. In this respect, this study divides 102 software venture businesses into two; business in the stage of growth and matured business through the analysis of questionnaire and analyzes their present managerial conditions according to their characteristics after classifying them into four categories such as general management, technical development, marketing, finance and accounting. Therefore, this study attempts to provide the basic data useful for business activities of software venture business from now on. The results are as follows; First, it can be judged that software venture businesses make efforts for their technical development in their character, and that they make a great investment in research and development. Consequently, it can be believed that this kind of investment must be continued in the future. Second, it can be seen that they are not much interested in marketing and its manpower. In fact, software venture businesses develop products technically at the risk of their life, while marketing plays an important role in the continuity of business. Thus, it is necessary for them to invest in the supplement of manpower in marketing. Third, it is observed that they generally have some difficulties in raising money from outside. By the way, it. is believed that this problem will be solved by appealing to the persons interested such as investors and creditors, if evaluation system would be developed more exquisitely so that their accounting and technical value may be appraised.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.363-370
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the parental distress of disabled children's fathers. The survey was conducted targeting 50 fathers with disabled children who are under 13 years old and undergoing rehabilitation treatment in G city And 38 questionnaires excluding data with inadequate answer were adopted. The questionnaire was composed of general peculiarities of disabled children and their fathers, and K-PSI-SF of parents. The results are as followings. First of all, among the parenting stress of disabled children's fathers, parental distress got the highest score and difficult child and dysfunctional interaction are next in sequence in the sub items of K-PSI-SF. Secondly, fathers' stress upon the children's general characteristics showed the significant difference depending on diagnostic categories and paralysis area. Thirdly, fathers' stress upon fathers' general characteristics showed the significant difference depending on their education level and age.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.129-142
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• 2008

This study examines how economic and psychological characteristics affect the quality of life (QoL) of elderly individuals age 60 and older, who live in the Seoul-metropolitan area. Relationships among socio-demographic status, economic conditions, psychological characteristics, family life, health status, and QoL are examined by t-test and ANOVA(Duncan's test as post hoc multiple comparisons), and the multiple regression analysis is used to estimate QoL determinants in the elderly. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, younger age, higher education levels, better health status, harmonious family relations, higher levels of household income, lower levels of loneliness, and higher self-esteems are related to higher QoL levels. Second, the impacts of factors on QoL are differentiated according to tercile groups that divide monthly allowance of respondents into three categories: below normal (threshold amount below 21MW), near normal (threshold amount between 21MW and 35MW), and above normal (threshold amount above 35MW). For each tercile group, poor health status or higher loneliness have negative effects on QoL, while harmonious family relationship has a positive effect. For the below-normal group, years of education or self-esteem have positive effects, while age or retirement status have negative effects when controlling for other factors. For the near-normal group, being married, or perceived financial insecurity create lower QoL levels, while higher self-esteem increases QoL levels. For the above-normal group, being widowed, employed, or retired have positive effects on QoL, when controlling for other variables. Third, even among elderly with high allowances, the effects of health status and family relationship are significant determinants that explain QoL levels. This result suggests that, for te elderly, poor health status and poor family relationships severely decrease QoL in later life, regardless of economic condition.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-76
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of background variables, development stage, and perception of accountability on kindergarten teachers' adaptation to the teaching profession. The researchers surveyed 224 teachers in public and private kindergarten. The results of the study are as follows: First, in terms of age, the older they were, the better teachers adjusted to the teaching profession. As for their teaching career, the more teaching experience they had, the better teachers adapted to the teaching profession, but there were no significant differences between 6-10 years and more than 11 years. As to the level of education, four-year college graduates or graduate school graduates adjusted better than two-year college graduates. Second, teachers in the Capability Development Stage and Growth-Enthusiasm Stage showed a higher degree of adaptation than those in the Entrance-Acceptance Stage. Finally, the higher perception of accountability they have, the better teachers could adapt to the teaching profession. Among the categories of accountability, the professional accountability affected most highly the teachers' adaptation to the teaching profession.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.631-641
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• 2001

This study is to investigate women have pre menstruation discomfort, The period of this research was almost one month (from 25, August 2001 to 25, October 2001). The PAF (Premenstrual assessment form), which was made by Park, Myonng-Wha, used for this study. The confidence rate is Crombach's $\alpha$= .9773. Correcting research papers are analyzed by SPSS 7.5 program and normal feature of the subject is divided by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The average age of the subjects is 26.47 age. 220 subjects(44.6%) have gastroenteric trouble like, enteritis, stomachache, laxity. 278 subjects usually have caffeine drink in routine life. 123 subjects(24.9%) have controlled their diet. The average age of the first plowing is 13.55 ages and distribution is between 10 years and 20 years. The average of the uncomfortable point is 2.84. The way to reduce the uncomfortable feeling on the menstruation is taking relax time. 2. All subjects have experienced pre menstruation discomfort, even the degree uncomfortable feeling is different. Through eighteenth categories on the research papers, average point 2.21 were calculated and many subjects have fatigue ($2.89{\pm}1.0614$) and normal physical uncomfortable ($2.84{\pm}1.0633$) and undercurrent water symptom and unsuitability ($2.45{\pm}0.9857$). 3. According to the result of this study, that shows statistical difference; age (F=2.56. p=.037). marriage (t=2.60, p=.009) the number of children(t=2.83, p=.005), stress level(F=13.03, p=.000) job(F=3.91, p=.020). monthly income(t=2.14. p=.032) uncomfortable degree on the menstruation (F=19.121, p=.000), use of contraceptive appliance or pill(t=-2.20, p=.043), schooling (F=3.30, p=.038). Further research is need to understand pie menstruation discomforts, the variables associated with them. And nursing intervention has to considered in program to reduces of pre-menstruation discomforts.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

China became the largest costume industry and export country since 1994. The fashion market in China has been changed from seller's market to buyer's market. During this period, brand has taken an important part. The fashion industry in China is developing on outlook, function, materials and categories. I want to do this brief research on the ten years of China Fashion Week to review the development of China Fashion Week, which is the symbol of China fashion industry. I hope it can be reference for being comprehended by Chinese and other foreign countries. In 1997, China Fashion Week was called Fashion Design exhibition. The title was modified to be China Fashion Week in 2000. In 2003. the title was developed to China Fashion Week (Spring/Summer Collection) and China Fashion Week (Autumn/Winter Collection). In the past ten years, there have been 300 fashion collections, with 600 fashion designers who joined in the competitions, and thousands of models, reporters and photographers, who took part in China Fashion Week. Recently 200 login fashion brands, 300 fashion designers, more than 500 reporters and 50 model management companies have made a relationship with China Fashion Week. The first moment of China Fashion Week- "famous designer project": paying attention to the relationship between the level of fashion designers and the style of brands. Quite a good deal of fashion design became more practical. The second moment of China Fashion Week- "improving Chinese fashion brands ": fashion show was not a kind of stage art but the business dealing for brand during that period. The situation of China Fashion Week now: Chinese Haute Couture is showed wonderfully during China Fashion Week. Fashion contest became the character of China Fashion Week. The contests were for adult fashion designers, new designers, models, and photographers. According to the development between different countries on fashion, the international communication of China Fashion Week became more and more popular and wide. Fashion designers from France, Italy, New York, Korea and Japan had fashion shows in China Fashion Week. The Chinese top fashion designers were showing their work during Paris, Milan and New York fashion shows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.134-148
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• 2012

Social commerce is not only a new form of shopping malls that did not exist in the past, but also a new form of media as it gets combined with social networking services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of clothing involvement on the relationship between shopping values, attitudes, and purchase intentions of consumers in the group-buying type of social commerce. A specialized Internet survey company carried out the survey targeting consumers in their 20s and 30s with experience of purchasing fashion products using group-buying type of social commerce. A total of 200 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, and regression analysis were conducted by using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 19.0. The results are as follows. First, diversity/informativeness, impulse/accumulation, price, convenience, reliability, interaction, and adventure were identified as shopping value dimensions. Second, especially in cases of diversity/informativeness, price, and interaction, there were significant differences between the high involvement group and the low involvement group. Third, five of the categories, which were diversity/informativeness, price, convenience, reliability, and interaction, had significant influence on attitude and purchase intention. When the attitude variable was included with shopping value as independent variables in the regression model to predict purchase intention, the attitude variable presented a full mediating effect or a partial mediating effect between shopping value and purchase intention. Also, the relationship among shopping value, attitude, and purchase intention was different to some degree according to the level of consumer clothing involvement.