• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2001

Two trials were conducted in a commercial dairy farm on heifer synchronization with PGF$_2$ $\alpha$. Animals showing estrus following the first injection were bred and animals not showing estrus were given the second injection 10 days later. In the first trial, the injection sites were rump and rump. In the second trial, the injection sites were rump and shoulder. Estrous detection was peformed 24 h after injection. Animals were bred by the same technician. In the first trial, the response rate for the first injection was 51.4% and the subsequent pregnancy rate of these animals was 60.0%. The response rate in the second injection was 57.1% and the pregnancy rate was 50.0%. In the second trial, the response rate in the first injection on the rump was 48.7% and the subsequent pregnancy rate was 70.6%. The second injection was given on the shoulder and the response rate was 60.0% and the subsequent pregnancy rate was 25.0%. The data suggests that the site of PGF2 $\alpha$ administration was critical to achieve success in estrous synchronization and pregnancy rates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2008

Cake resistance is influenced by floc size deposited on membrane surface. Enlarging floc size can reduce cake resistance. The small particles are enlarged by coagulation and flocculation process in conventional mixing tank at membrane filtration system. Fully-grown flocs for reducing the cake resistance, however, are ruptured while passing through a pump. In light of this fact, this study aims to experimentally look at the reaggregation phenomenon of mixing system. In addition, reaggregation phenomenon of mixing system is compared with first-aggregation of in-line injection system in which coagulant is injected just before a pump. These results suggest that first-aggregation of in-line injection system is better than reaggregation of mixing system for G-value above $3100sec^{-1}$. Since G-value in pipe of actual membrane filtration system are usually larger than $3100sec^{-1}$. The performance of in-line injection system is expected to be better than the conventional mixing tank system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.486-490
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• 1998

The present study examined the follicular populations prior to and during superovulation and investigated their relationship with superovulatory response in crossbred cattle. Eleven animals were administered i.m. 8 doses of Folltropin of 2.5 ml each (1.75 mg/ml) spread over 4 days beginning on Day 10 of oestrous cycle, and 30 and 20 mg Lutalyse was given alongwith the 5th and 6th injections of Folltropin, respectively, to induce luteolysis. The animals were artificially inseminated 48, 60 and 72 h after the first Lutalyse injection. The number of corpora lutea (CL) was recorded by palpation per rectum and embryos were recovered non-surgically on Day 6 (Day 0 day of superoestrus). The ovarian follicular population was examined by transrectal Ultrasonography 15 h prior to and 52 h after the first FSH injection, and then on the day of superoestrus and the day of flushing. The follicles were classfied on the basis of diameter as small (3-5 mm), medium (6-9 mm) and large (${\geq}10mm$). The total number of follicles increased significantly (p < 0.01) from $2.45{\pm}0.35$, 15 h prior to the first FSH injection to $8.09{\pm}1.12$, 52 h after the first FSH injection and then further to $13.27{\pm}1.89 $ on the day of superoestrus. A positive correlation was observed between the number of small follicles 15 h prior to the first FSH injection (r = 0.60, p < 0.05), the number of large follicles 52 h after the first FSH injection (r=0.59, p < 0.05) and the number of CL. The follicular population prior to and during superovulation was, however, not significantly different between high (> 6 CL) and low responders (${\leq}6CL$). The present study suggests that the follicular populations undergo dynamic changes during superovulation and that follicular populations prior to superovulation have a limited application as an indicator of the superovulatory response.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.239-254
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• 2022

The high success rate of dental treatment is dependent on the cooperation of pediatric patients during procedures. Dental treatment often causes pain, particularly in children. The factors in providing treatment to pediatric patients include the characteristics and location of the tooth, profoundness of the anesthesia including the type of local anesthetic, and cooperation of the patient. Previous studies have examined several techniques to successfully achieve profound pulpal anesthesia in maxillary permanent teeth. The dentist should select the injection technique to be used based on patient needs. In children, either buccal with palatal injections or buccal with intra-septal injections may be used to anesthetize the permanent maxillary first molar. Buccal with palatal injections are commonly used prior to routine maxillary dental procedures. Currently, there are only a few studies on the employment of buccal with intra-septal injections to anesthetize permanent maxillary first molars in pediatric patients. This review will focus on efficacy of buccal with palatal versus buccal with intra-septal pulpal anesthesia of the permanent maxillary first molars in pediatric patients and aim to determine which technique should be used during routine dental procedures.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.227-229
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• 2017

Fibrosis of skeletal muscle following acupuncture is an iatrogenic disorder. The present case illustrates a patient with a unilateral fibrotic formation on a thumb muscle after acupuncture injection therapy with red sage. The patient in the present case was a counter-terrorism police officer with right-handedness; he noted a palpable nodule three months after injection therapy at his left first dorsal interosseous in which the acupuncture point LI4 (He Gu) is located. He also found a reduction in the strength of his left pinch grip that noticeably affected his left handgun marksmanship. However, being ambidextrous in single-hand pistol shooting is an essential requirement for counter-terrorism police officers. Based on the patient's medical history and claims, no underlying disease or trauma was found to be associated with his current complaint. During physical examination, a fibrotic formation in his left first dorsal interosseous muscle was visualized by using diagnostic ultrasound; also, as confirmed with dynamometry, the strength of his left pinch grip was significantly lower than that of the right counterpart. Because acupuncture injection therapy has three components, antiseptic practices, the mechanical action of syringe insertion, and the pharmacological effect of the sterile herb extract, any one of the components may have contributed to the present adverse event. The first dorsal interosseous muscle is small in dimension and rather vascular; thus, it is not an ideal site for intramuscular injection. When a clinician needs to treat a patient by performing acupuncture at the LI4 acupoint and injecting a herbal extract simultaneously, the clinician should only mechanically stimulate the LI4 acupoint while injecting the herbal medicine into the LI14 (Bi Noe) acupoint on the same meridian, the LI14 acupoint being located in the distal portion of the deltoid muscle and being fairly close to the universally agreed upon site on the upper arm for safe administration of an injection.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.10 no.2 s.41
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• pp.16-21
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• 2007

Potential advantages of using vapor injection in a two stage rotary compressor for a $CO_2$ heat pump water heater system were addressed in this paper by numerical simulation. Vapor separated from a flash tank in the middle of the expansion process can be used for injection into the second stage suction plenum of the compressor to improve the system performance. Vapor injection increases the intermediate pressure between the two stages, thus increasing the first stage compressor work and reducing that of the second stage. As a whole, however, the compressor input power increases due to injected mass flow rate for the second stage. Computer simulation showed that increment of the cooling capacity by vapor injection exceeded that of the compressor work, thus improving the system performance. COP improvement by vapor injection was calculated to be about 5-14% for normal operating conditions. With vapor injection, a maximum COP was found when the displacement volume of the second stage becomes 90-95% of that of the first stage of the compressor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2000

Measurements of temperature fields and film-cooling effectiveness have been conducted for a shower-head film cooling on the leading edge of a blunt body, which simulates a first-stage turbine stator. In this study, three injection cases are employed for an average blowing ratio based on freestream velocity, M, of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. Two (Case 1), four (Case 2) and six (Case 3) rows of normal holes are symmetrically drilled on the three tested circular-cylinder leading edges. The measurements show that regardless of M, the film-cooling effectiveness increases as the injection row is situated at farther downstream location. In Case 1, the film-cooling effectiveness is highest for M = 0.5 and lowest for M = 1.5. On the contrary, in Case 3, the film-cooling effectiveness is highest for M = 1.0 and lowest for M = 0.5. When M = 0.5, the film coverage by the first row of the injection holes deteriorates as the number of the injection row increases. In particular, the film-cooling effectiveness due to the injection through the first row of the holes in Case 3, has a nearly zero value.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2017

Objective: To evaluate soft- and hard-tissue changes in the mandibular angle area after the administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection to patients with masseteric hypertrophy by using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT). Methods: Twenty volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 10 patients. Patients in group I received a single BoNT-A injection in both masseter muscles, while those in group II received two BoNT-A injections in each masseter muscle, with the second injection being administered 4 months after the first one. In both groups, 3D-CBCT was performed before the first injection and 6 months after the first injection. Results: Masseter muscle thicknesses and cross-sectional areas were significantly reduced in both groups, but the reductions were significantly more substantial in group II than in group I. The intergonial width of the mandibular angle area did not change significantly in either group. However, the bone volume of the mandibular gonial angle area was more significantly reduced in group II than in group I. Conclusions: The repeated administration of BoNT-A injections may induce bone volume changes in the mandibular angle area.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

Two trials were conducted in a commercial dairy on heifer synchronization with PGF$_2$$\alpha$. Animals showing estrous following the first injection were bred and animals not showing estrus were given the second injection 10 days later. In the first trial, the injection routes were rump and rump. In the second trial, the injection routes were rump and shoulder. Estrous detection were performed from 24 h after injection. Animals were bred by the same technician. In the first trial, the response rate for the first injection was 51.4% and the subsequent pregnancy rate of these animals was 60.0%. The response rate in the second injection was 57.1% and the pregnancy rate was 50.0%. In the second trial, the response rate in the first injection on the rump was 48.7% and the subsequent pregnancy rate was 70.6%. The second injection was given on the shoulder and the response rate was 60.0% and the subsequent pregnancy rate was 25.0%. The data suggest that the route of PGF$_2$$\alpha$ administration was critical to achieve success in estrous synchronization and pregnancy rates.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.471-479
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• 2008

Purpose: Sunken eyelid is a deformity of upper eyelid due to atrophy of periocular fat tissue, loss of skin elasticity. It causes the skin retraction of eyelid and unfavorable fold. Sunken eyelid occurs from the results of natural aging process, facial trauma, complication of previous periocular surgery, etc. We acquired a satisfied correction of sunken eyelid and unfavorable fold using autologous fat injection only. The aim of this study is a assessment of autologous fat injection for correction of sunken eyelid accompanied with unfavorable fold. Methods: From August 2002 to March 2006, we performed 37 cases of correction of sunken eyelid with unfavorable fold using autologous fat injection. They were all females with ages ranged from 23 to 63. Fat was harvested from lower abdomen and centrifuged with Coleman system. Multi-layered injection of purified fat was done from orbital fat layer to orbicularis oculi muscle. Results: Overall, improvement of sunken eye and unfavorable fold was observed in the majority of the patients. Discomfort of eye opening was improved in 24 patients. The average injection volume was 1.33 mL in right eyelid, 1.31 mL in left eyelid at first injection. Second injection was done in patients who absorption of injected fat was noted with. No specific complications were observed. Conclusion: Natural and attractive upper eyelid was acquired from fat injection only in sunken eyelid with unfavorable fold. To the authors' knowledge, it is desirable for sunken eyelid accompanied with unfavorable fold to be treated with autologous fat injection at first. Although some shortcomings are substantial, autologous fat injection is easy and effective method for correction of unfavorable fold in sunken eyelid without specific complication.