• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

Recently, many accidents occur frequently because sprinklers aren't installed or don't work right when there are outbreak of fire in houses and aggregate buildings. Therefore, they can result in damage for humans and loss of property. Sprinklers are the most appropriate which can extinguish buildings' fire in the initial stages. Through lack of legal system, in domestic cases, sprinklers cannot operate their inherent performance. Domestic standard simply classifies installation objects according to types of business and forms of buildings, also divides into uses and floors of buildings. Especially it only regulates that sprinklers must be installed every floors in particular fire buildings that have more than eleven floors. While it doesn't need to install sprinklers below ten floors, so we are threatened the safety. In this study, we derived causes and implications by analyzing concepts of sprinklers facilities, installation standards in domestic and foreign legal system, and recent cases that expanded damages in fire accidents because of weak point of installation and control standards. In domestic cases, as a result, government has to provide an institutional strategy and law that regulate duty to install sprinklers to all aggregate buildings regardless of floors in terms of new buildings. Also, if someone who has existing buildings wanted to install them, government would guarantee subsidy to encourage installation. In addition, government supervises fire-fighting activities when there are fire by compensating standards about regular inspection by a qualified technician, operation and maintenance of sprinklers as well as reinforcement of administrative criteria.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.611-618
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• 2008

The development of information society together with information telecommunication's influence on the human society is a ripple effect and getting wider. Among those ripple effects the disaster prevention is in the public eye in the present day. On the way to the ubiquitous society the main techniques to be concerned in ubiquitous sensor networks are the field of damage of storm and flood, safety facilities, traffic safety, industrial safety, energy safety, fire fighting, specific safety of radioactivity escape incident, environmental pollution, sea pollution, mountain and forrest disaster so on. In this paper the USN technique based on the disaster prevention communication technology service and its requirement technology and application are studied.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.165-168
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• 2008

Recently, the damage which is caused by human misfortune in the underground space have increased. However the regulation and law for the underground space safety is still poor. Therefore in this paper, we propose the scheme for the construction of safety management systems on underground multiplex facilities. We analyze the problem of the current law, and present the scheme for the underground shop fire fighting facility. It contains the tree structure to management the underground space according to the construction phase, the facility and immediacy equipment. This safety management system will rearrange the scattered underground space management system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate greenhouse maintenance by farms by looking into greenhouses across the nation for greenhouse specification, disaster-resistance greenhouse construction, types and degree of damage due to natural disasters, pre-inspection in case of typhoon or heavy snow forecast, and fire-fighting facilities to prevent a fire. The findings were summarized as follows: as for greenhouse specification, the highest proportion of them were 90 m or longer both in single- and multi-span greenhouses in terms of length; 8 m or wider and 7.0~7.9 m in single- and multi-span greenhouses, respectively, in terms of width; 1.5~1.9 m and 2.0~2.9 m in single-and multi-span greenhouses, respectively, in terms of height; and 3.0~3.9 m and 6 m in single- and multi-span greenhouses, respectively, in terms of diameter. As for disaster-resistance greenhouses, farmers were reluctant to install such greenhouses. The low distribution of disaster-resistance greenhouses was attributed to the greenhouses built dependent on the old practice, the greenhouses already completed, and relatively high construction costs. As for damage by natural disasters, greenhouses were subject to more damage by typhoons than heavy snow. They mainly inspected the ceiling and side windows, entrances, and fixation bands for covering materials in case of typhoon forecast and the heating devices in case of heavy snow forecast. As for repair methods for greenhouse pipe corrosion, they preferred partial replacement to painting and did not use stiffeners for structures to prevent a natural disaster in most cases. As for the maintenance of greenhouse covering materials, most farmers inspected their sealing property but did not clean the coverings for light transmission. The destruction of structural materials can be prevented by eliminating greenhouse covering materials during a typhoon, but they were not able to do so because of the covering material replacement costs and the crops they were growing. The study also examined whether greenhouse farms had fire-fighting facilities to prevent a fire and found that they lacked the perception of greenhouse fire prevention to a great degree.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.419-429
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• 2016

In a bid to avoid the economic loss resulting from traffic jam in urban area, a deep underground road at 40 m depth has been considered and the first class disaster prevention facilities shall be applied according to domestic guideline. Automatic-monitoring fire extinguishing system designed to use for fire fighting has been widely applied at home and abroad. Recently development and commercialization through theoretical and experimental research to apply to road/railroad sector have been underway. Based on such performance of automatic fire extinguishing system, technical/economic analysis of existing water spray systems was conducted and as a result, it has demonstrated the superiority in terms of fire suppression as well as in cost efficiency. Then to commercialize this system, more diverse studies that will incorporate the characteristics of domestic tunnels are needed and should the system be promoted through institutional improvement, it's expected to become one of the advanced nations with own original technology in a life safety system industry throughout the world.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

This study aims to provide basic data for establishing the safety and health plan by investigating the exposure conditions in the facilities registering business about handling radiations and radioactive isotopes in Korea. dose levels(working space, worker location) of the workers in 153 facilities were measured using surveymeter, and individual exposure concentration[(shallow dose(SD), depth dose(DD)] in 27 facilities using thermal luminescence dosimeter(TLD). In accordance with the measurement results by business type[fire fighting prevention business(FFPB, n=10), financial insurance business(FIB, n=3) and other facilities(n=140)] using surveymeter, those three business type groups showed difference (p<0.000). Dose levels of worker location for FFPB and FIB were significantly higher than 10.0 ${\mu}Sv$/hr, the allowable standard for radiations and radioactive isotopes, and they were higher 109.3 times(p<0.000) and 187.5 times(p<0.000) than those in other facilities. The concentration of TLD[FFPB(n=10), other facility (n=17)] in DD of FFPB was significantly higher than that in other facility(p=0.05). In accordance with the analysis result on relationship between surveymeter and TLD, the dose on working space and worker location(r=0.406, p<0.05), worker location dose and SD(r=0.453, p<0.05), worker location dose and DD(r=0.553, p<0.01), and SD and DD(r=0.927, p<0.001) had all related each other. It is urgently required to change FFPB and FIB from the facilities requiring registration for handling radiations and radioactive isotopes to the facilities that shall get permission for handling radiations and radioactive isotopes by reestablishing the legal administration area, for safety and health of radiation occupants.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.423-449
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• 2007

This research is to investigate the detention facilities of police stations and their real operations through the perceptions of detainees at police station cells and to present the policy suggestions for them. To fulfill the research, a questionnaire was made out on the basis of 'the Regulation on Detention and Escort for Suspects'. 'the Regulation on a Standard Plan for Detention Facilities' and 'the Regulation on the Lowest Standard to Treat Detainees' ; and detainees at 23 police station cells under the jurisdiction of Kyungbuk Local Police Agency were asked to answer it. Policy suggestions following from the result of the investigation of detainees' perceptions of the detention facilities of the police stations are as follows; Firstly, the structure of police station cells should be arranged in straight lines in order to take their human rights into consideration and more detention facilities are needed to be built in order to separate male, female, handicapped and juvenile inmates. Secondly, shower rooms and washrooms outside the cells should always be open to detainees whenever they need to be used. Thirdly, any detention facilities deficient in fire fighting equipment should have exit doors installed as soon as possible in case of an emergency and provide sufficient fire extinguishers considering the number of detainees and the size of the facilities. Fourthly, the detention facilities should have sufficient windows for ventilation and take necessary measures to obtain natural lighting instead of electric lighting. Fifthly, air conditioners should be equipped properly taking account of the number of detainees and the dimensions of the facilities. Policy suggestions according to the result of the investigation of detainees' perceptions of the operation of detention facilities of police stations are as follows; Firstly, the problem of operating the detention facilities must deal with worn-out facilities and measures to secure the budget should be taken as soon as possible. Secondly, considering that most detained suspects have difficulties in livelihood, daily necessaries must be issued to them. Thirdly, personal belongings deposited by inmates must be properly managed with the same documentation throughout the police station detention facilities. The number of female guards to take exclusive charge of the physical checkups and processing of female detainees should be increased. Also the facilities for handicapped detainees must be expanded, improved and managed properly. Fourthly, except for handcuffs and ropes to bind detainees in the detention facilities, helmets to prevent self-harm must be withdrawn. The budget to improve the quality of meal issued by the government must be urgently secured and the price of private food sent to detainees must be readjusted to be in line with the consumer price. Health and medical care and sanitation for detainees must be substantial, and also sunbathing and outdoor exercises should be allowed to detainees.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.583-597
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• 2014

Fire caused by heater has various causes as many as the types of heater. also, lots of damage of human life and property loss are caused, since annually continuous fire accident by heater in traditional market is frequently occurring. There are not many cases of fire due to heater in most of residential facilities such as general house, apartments, etc., because they are supplied with heating boiler, however the restaurant, store and office of the market, sports center, factory, workplace, etc. still use heater, e.g. oilstove, electric heater, etc., so that they are exposed to fire hazard. Also, when investigating the number of fire due to heater, it was analyzed to occur in order of home boiler, charcoal stove, oilstove, gas heater/stove, electric stove/heater, the number of fire per human life damage was analyzed in order of gas heater/stove, oil heater/stove, electric heater/stove, briquette/coal heater. Also, gas and oil related heater were analyzed to have low frequency, however, with high fire intensity. Therefore, this research aimed at considering more scientific fire inspection and identification approach by reenacting and reviewing fire outbreak possibility caused by combustibles' contact and conductivity under the normal condition and abnormal condition in respect of ignition hazard, i.e. minimum ignition temperature, carbonization degree and heat flux along with it, due to oilstove and electric stove, which are still frequently used in public use facility, traditional market, and, of which actual fire occurrence is the most frequent. As the result of reenact test, ignition hazard appeared very small, as long as enough heat storage condition is not made in both test objects(oilstove/electric stove), however carbonization condition was analyzed to be proceeded per each part respectively. Eventually, transition to fire is the ignition due to heat storage, so that it was analyzed to ignite when minimum heat storage temperature condition of fire place is over $500^{\circ}C$. Particularly, in case of quartz pipe, the heating element of electric stove, it is rapidly heated over the temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ within the shortest time(10sec), so that the heat flux of this appears 6.26kW/m2, which was analyzed to result in damage of thermal PVC cable and second-degree burn in human body. Also, the researcher recognized that the temperature change along with Geometric View Factor and Fire Load, which display decrease of heat, are also important variables to be considered, along with distance change besides temperature condition. Therefore, the researcher considers that a manual of careful fire inspection and identification on this is necessary, also, expects that scientific and rational efforts of this research can contribute to establish manual composition and theoretical basis on henceforth fire inspection and identification.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.200-209
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• 2018

This study proposed a method to select existing facilities as a landmark in order to reset accumulated errors of dead reckoning in a tunnel difficult to receive GNSS signals in automated driving. First, related standards and regulations were reviewed in order to survey 'variety' on shapes and installation locations as a feature of facilities. Second, 'recognition' on facilities was examined using image and Lidar sensors. Last, 'regularity' in terms of installation locations and intervals was surveyed through related references. The results of this study selected a fire fighting box / lamp (50m), an evacuation corridor lamp (300m), a lane control system (500m), a maximum / minimum speed limit sign and a jet fan as a candidate landmark to reset positioning errors. Based on those facilities, it was determined that error correction was possible. The results of this study are expected to be used in repositioning of automated driving vehicles in a tunnel.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.83-98
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• 2021

The purpose of this study to find the factors influencing the fire alarms using IoT firefighting facility management system data of Seoul Fire & Disaster Headquarters, and to present academic implications for establishing an effective prevention system of fire situation. As the number of high and complex buildings increases and former bulidings are advanced, the fire detection facilities that can quickly respond to emergency situations are also increasing. However, if the accuracy of the fire situation is incorrectly detected and the accuracy is lowered, the inconvenience of the residents increases and the reliability decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to improve accuracy of the system through efficient inspection and the internal environment investigation of buildings. The purpose of this study is to find out that false detection may occur due to building characteristics such as usage or time, and to aim of emphasizing the need for efficient system inspection and controlling the internal environment. As a result, it is found that the size(total area) of the building had the greatest effect on the fire alarms, and the fire alarms increased as private buildings, R-type receivers, and a large number of failure or shutoff days. In addition, factors that influencing fire alarms were different depending on the main usage of the building. In terms of time, it was found to follow people's daily patterns during weekdays(9 am to 6 pm), and each peaked around 10 am and 2 pm. This study was claimed that it is necessary to investigate the building environment that caused the fire alarms, along with the system internal inspection. Also, it propose additional recording of building environment data in real-time for follow-up research and system enhancement.