• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2012

We studied the risk analysis of fire and explosion caused by gas leak in underground-parking of gas vehicle. However, an entrance regulation of gas vehicles (H2/LPG/CNG etc.) to underground garages has not been enacted in Korea. Incase, a gas explodes in an underground parking garage placed in overcrowded residential area, such as an apartment, the scale of the damage would cause tremendous disaster. Faults of vehicle parts and management problems were evaluated by using the Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), which is a qualitative analysis method. The range of the damaged area by the explosion and the damage scale by the explosion pressure were analyzed by using the process hazard analysis software tool (PHAST). The study is expected to facilitate enactment of the regulation for the underground parking to restrict the gas vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2007

The lower explosion limit(LEL) is one of the major combustion properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the combustible substances. In this study, the lower explosion limits of the ester compounds were predicted by using the normal boiling points and the flash points based on the liquid thermodynamic theory. As a results, the A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated the LEL for the ester are 8.80 vol% and 0.18 vol%, respectively and the coefficient of correlation was 0.965. From a given results, by the use of the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict the lower explosion limits of the other flammable materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

Anyone who wants to install local ventilation system must obtain a permission from the Ministry of Employment and Labor even if he has permission from the Ministry of Environment. This is because not only the Atmospheric Environmental Protection Act, but also the manufacturing industry's hazardous risk prevention plan under Article 48 Clause 2 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act is to be submitted by 15 days before the construction. Under the current Environmental Protection Act, the Ministry of Environment regulates only the emission of pollutants from local exhaust ventilation systems into the atmosphere and the contents of workers' safety and health within industrial sites are managed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Even with the approval of the Ministry of Environment, the number of unsuccessful cases by the Ministry of Employment and Labor has increased, causing a growing discontent among the sites due to production delays and additional costs of improvement. In addition, local exhaust systems that are at greater risk of fire explosion have increased the risk of severe industrial accidents due to fire explosion. This is due to insufficient design of air volume, control speed, return speed, duct size, and risk of fire explosion. This is because the criteria and procedures for approval of local exhaust ventilation systems are similar, but the Industrial Safety and Health Act adds additional screening items for safety and safety of workers and fire and explosion. In this study, the Environment Ministry and the Employment and Labor Ministry seek to find a reasonable way to operate the system by comparing local exhaust ventilation system installation approval standards.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 한국화재소방학회 2010년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.68-72
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• 2010

부산 실내사격장 화재의 사격실 내 폭발의 원인을 추정하고 안전대책을 강구하기 위해 화재 시뮬레이션과 외국 실내사격장 화재의 사례조사를 수행하였다. 사격실 내의 폭발원인은 다공성 계란판형 폴리우레탄 흡음재와 흡음재에 축적된 잔류화약 분말의 격렬한 연소로 추정되었다. 실내사격장의 안전대책으로 폴리우레탄 흡음재의 사용금지, 잔류화약의 제거와 철저한 관리, 금연, 탄자받이 주위의 강재 요소 제거, 효율적 환기 등이 요구된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2000

Accident analysis are useful in the design stage of chemical plants and their surrounding structures. Also, analysis results are required for safety management of existing plants. In this paper, the fire and explosion effect by BTX released was evaluated. The computer program was prepared for accident analysis and adopted for evaluating the magnitude of fire (pool fire) and explosion (UVCE) effect. The thermal radiation was used as a measure of fire magnitude and the overpressure as a measure of explosion magnitude. And probit analysis was made for each case. As a case study, benzene tank model was used. The simulation results of explosion of benzene showed that the damage within 20 meters from the accident spot was severe and the damage beyond 60 meters was negligible. The simulation results of fire of benzene showed that the damage in summer is bigger than that in winter. And the damage of city located inland seems to be bigger than that of city in seaside. And thermal radiation effects was negligible beyond 40 meters-distance from the accident spot.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2022

An experimental investigation was conducted on the influences of median size, dust concentration, dust condition (cloud and layer) for the fire and explosion hazard assessment of dusts with the same powder property. For this purpose, tests have been performed in accordance with 20 L explosion sphere, thermogravi- metric analyze, combustion rate tester (UN method). We investigated the explosion characteristics and flame propagation velocity (FPV) in dust cloud and the flame spread velocity(FSV) over dust layer on 8 dust samples with different particle sizes of 4 types of dusts (Sugar, Mg, Al, Zr). An explosion hazard increased with decreasing particle size in Mg and Al dust clouds, but sugar did not show the effect of explosion hazard due to particle size change in dust clouds. The flame propagation velocity (FPV) of suspended dusts increased significantly when the particle size decreased from micro to nano than the variation of particle size in micro range. The flame spread velocity (FSV) over dust layer showed a tendency to increase over the inclined dust layers (30° slope) rather than the horizontal dust layers (0° slope). The flame spread rate (FSV) over dust layers increased on the inclined dust layer (30° slope) rather than the horizontal dust layer (0° slope) and was higher upward flame than the downward flame in condition of inclined dust layers(30° slope).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2023

Flammable materials used in semiconductor supply facilities are manufactured at high temperatures and high pressures, and as the semiconductor industry becomes more sophisticated and larger, the amount of materials used is rapidly increasing. Recently, fires and explosions occurred during the handling of acetic acid, which is a raw material for making products in the semiconductor material manufacturing process. Overall problems such as lack of air inflow prevention for fire and explosion prevention were identified. Therefore, in this study, in order to accurately identify the cause of the accident and prevent fire and explosion that may occur in the process of handling large amounts of flammable liquids, opinions from various perspectives, such as construction of facilities such as hoppers, installation of AOPS components, and change in workers' perceptions would like to present.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2020

This study aims to maintain the safety of an outdoor storage tank through the fundamental case analysis of explosion and fire accidents in the storage tank. We consider an accident caused by the explosion of fire inside the tank, as a result of the gradual spreading of the residual fire generated by wind lamps flying off a workplace in the storage tank yard. To determine the cause of the accident, atmospheric diffusion conditions were derived through CCTV image analysis, and the wind direction was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. Additionally, the amount of oil vapor inside the tank when the floating roof was at the lowest position, and the behavior of the vapor inside the tank when the floating roof was at the highest position were investigated. If the cause of the explosion in the storage tank is identified and the level of the storage tank is maintained below the internal floating roof, dangerous liquid fills the storage tank, and the vapor in the space may stagnate on the internal floating roof. We intend to improve the operation procedure such that the level of the storage tank is not under the Pontoon support, as well as provide measures to prevent flames from entering the storage tank by installing a flame arrester in the open vent of the tank.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

Because of the vertical combustion characteristics of combustible substances, accurate substance safety information for their safe use, handling and transportation is essential. The flash point, fire point, explosion limits and autoignition temperature (AIT) are important safety parameters which need special attention in chemical plants and laboratories that handle dangerous materials. In this study, tert-butylbenzene which is widely used as an intermediate material in the chemical industry was selected. For the reliability of the flammable properties of tert-butylbenzene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of tert-butylbenzene in the reference data. The flash points, fire points and AITs by the ignition delay time for tert-butylbenzene were experimented. The lower flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $39^{\circ}C$ and $44^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $51^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. And the fire points of tert-butylbenzene by the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were $54^{\circ}C$ and $58^{\circ}C$ respectively. The AIT of tert-butylbenzene measured by the ASTM 659E tester was measured as $450^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit of $39^{\circ}C$ which measured by the Setaflash flash point tester was calculated to be 0.68 vol%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 한국항해항만학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.267-267
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the risk of chemical product, Styrene Monomer(SM), shipped in a vessel. SM is harmful chemical product which can make injury, explosion and/or fire in a vessel. The understand of SM risk is very important to protect seafarer's body and vessel safety. This research can be expected that the understanding of SM risk by a seafarer's to prevent accidents by SM explosion/fire. In this study we used event tree analysis method using chemical reaction cased by explosion. As a result, we founded various chemical reaction and visualization for explosion path.