• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.917-935
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• 2020

In this study, an automated sensor to measure forest fire surface fuel moistures was developed to predict changes in the moisture content and risk of forest fire surface fuel, which was indicators of forest fire occurrence and spread risk. This measurement sensor was a method of automatically calculating the moisture content of forest fire surface fuel by electric resistance. The proxy of forest fire surface fuel used in this sensor is pine (50 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter), and the relationship between moisture content and electrical resistance, R(R:Electrical resistance)=2E(E:Exponent of 10)+13X(X:Moisture content)-9.705(R²=0.947) was developed. In addition, using this, the software and case of the automated measurement sensor for forest fire surface fuel moisture were designed to produce a prototype, and the suitability (R²=0.824) was confirmed by performing field monitoring verification in the forest. The results of this study would contribute to develop technologies that can predict the occurrence, spread and intensity of forest fires, and are expected to be used as basic data for advanced forest fire risk forecasting technologies.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.751-757
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• 2018

In this article, a UV sensor that is an appropriate tool for fire detection has been designed and constructed. The structure of this UV sensor is an air-filled single-wire detector that is able to operate under normal air condition. A reflective CsI photocathode is installed at the end of the sensor chamber to generate photoelectrons in the ion chamber. An electric current is produced by accelerating photoelectrons to the anode in the electric field. The detector is able to measure the intensity of the incident UV rays whenever the current is sufficiently high. Therefore, the sensitivity coefficient of this sensor is found to be $7.67{\times}10^{-6}V/photons/sec$.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1019-1028
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• 2021

Emergency exit guidance lights were designed and manufactured to quickly determine the location of the emergency exit in the event of a fire using a gas sensor, an illumination sensor, a temperature sensor, an Arduino Uno, and a Bluetooth module. This research was designed such that, when a fire breaks out, a red arrow appears as the illuminance value is low and a green arrow as the illuminance value is high to improve visibility when detecting high temperature and smoke. In addition, it is designed to prevent more serious conflagration by applying an alarm sound and text transmission algorithm using a communication module to transmit text messages indicating a 174Hz alarm sound and a fire location to prevent more serious conflagration.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2012

Fires are the most common disaster and early fire detection is of great importance to minimize the consequent damage. Simple sensors including smoke detectors are widely used for the purpose but they are able to sense fires only at close proximity. Recently, due to the rapid advances of relevant technologies, vision-based fire sensing has attracted growing attention. In this paper, a novel visual sensing technique to automatically detect fire is presented. The proposed technique consists of multiple steps of image processing: pixel-level, block-level, and frame level. At the first step, fire flame pixel candidates are selected based on their color values in YIQ space from the image of a camera which is installed as a vision sensor at a fire scene. At the second step, the dynamic parts of flames are extracted by comparing two consecutive images. These parts are then represented in regularly divided image blocks to reduce pixel-level detection error and simplify following processing. Finally, the temporal change of the detected blocks is analyzed to confirm the spread of fire. The proposed technique was tested using real fire images and it worked quite reliably.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.37-41
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a fire alarm system that utilizes Wi-Fi to alarm multiple people at once. This system, based on Arduino, uses smoke, flame and temperature sensor units to sense fire and send detection data to a server via wireless communication system. The server uses stored data to relay current fire situations gathered from nearby sensors to smartphones. It also automatically reports the fire using location data from sensors. Using this system, we were able to retrieve fire alarm from sensors via push notification of our smartphone. We also confirmed the establishment of linkage with sensors and automatic report of fire via SMS. From this result, the possibility of sending real-time notifications via the Internet toward nearby smartphones about disasters such as conflagration has been proven to be feasible.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1031-1034
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• 2005

This paper introduces a novel sensor network protocol, R-WSLP(Realtime Wireless Sensor Line Protocol), which has extremely low latency characteristic in large-scale WSN. R-WSLP is proposed to implement realtime forest fire monitoring system. We propose Distributed TDMA method for the multiple channel access and Time Synchronized Forwarding Mechanism instead of routing technique to achieve low latency network. Also, R-WSLP provides extremely low power operation which we accomplished by reducing idle listening. In our experimentation, we get successful results at the forest fire monitoring system with our protocol.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

This paper presents performance improvement of CO gas sensor signal conditioner for early fire warning system. The warning system is based on the CO sensor and its advanced signal conditioning modules network that employ electochemical gas sensor. The electochemical has advantage of having a linear output and operating with a low consumption and fast response. This electrochemical gas sensor contains a gas membrane and three electrodes(working, counter, reference electrode) in contact with an electrolyte. To use a three-electrode sensor, a voltage has to be applied between the working and the reference electrode according to the specification of the sensor. In this paper, we designed these requirements that should be considered in temperature compensation algorithm and electrode measurement of CO sensor modules by using advanced signal conditioning method included 3-electrode. Simulation and experimental results show that signal conditioner of CO sensor module using 3-electrode have a advantage linearity, sensitivity and stability, fast response etc..

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.3079-3089
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• 2015

In this paper, a smart constrained application protocol (CoAP)-based gateway with a border router is proposed for home safety services to remotely monitor the trespass, fire, and indoor air quality. The smart CoAP gateway controls a home safety sensor node with a pyroelectric infrared motion sensor, a fire sensor, a humidity and temperature sensor, and a non-dispersive infrared CO2 sensor and gathers sensing data from them. In addition, it can convert physical sensing data into understandable information and perform packet conversion as a border router for seamless connection between a low-power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN) and the Internet (IPv6). Implementation and laboratory test results verify the feasibility of the smart CoAP gateway which especially can provide about 97.20% data throughput.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1259-1262
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• 2004

Detecting environmental hazards and monitoring remote terrain are among many sensor network applications. In case of fire detection, it is significantly valuable to monitor fire-spot's shape and trend in time. Mobile ad hoc sensor nodes right round are responsible for sensoring, processing and networking packets, or even launching extinguisher. In this paper, we proposed a ring-oriented Multicast architecture based on "Fisheye State Routing" (MFSR) to organize a group of mobile ad hoc sensor nodes in a multicast way. It is familiar with traditional mesh-based multicast protocol [1] in mobile ad hoc network, trying to concentrates on efficiency and robustness simultaneously. Certain applications-based solution for hazards is proposed, quantitative results including architecture and recovery algorithms of MFSR are also investigated in this paper.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2012

This paper presents a study on the analysis for reducing the number of false alarms in fire detection system. In order to intelligent algorithm fuzzy logic is adopted in developing fire detection system to reduce false alarm. The intelligent fire detection algorithm compared and analyzed the fire and non-fire signatures measured in circuits simulating flame fire and smoldering fire. The algorithm has input variables obtained by fire experiment with K-type thermocouple and optical smoke sensor. Also triangular membership function is used for inference rules. And the antecedent part of inference rules consists of temperature and smoke density, and the consequent part consists of fire probability. A fire-experiment is conducted with paper, plastic, and n-heptane to simulate actual fire situation. The results show that the intelligent fire detection algorithm suggested in this study can more effectively discriminate signatures between fire and similar fire.