• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2008

The fire resistance of thermal insulation and interior finishing materials is recently much emphasized after the fire accident at the Icheon Cold Store in January 2008. Three kinds of thermal insulation are used in buildings. They are Organic, Non-organic and cellulosic insulation. Organic insulation such as polystyrene foam board and urethane foam has high thermal resistance but it has no fire resistance. While non-organic insulation such as rockwool and glassfiber has high fire resistance, it has lower thermal resistance than organic insulation. Cellulose insulation is primarily manufactured from recycled newsprint or cardboard using shredders and fiberizers. Despite of its environmental friendliness and high thermal resistivity, its domestic use has not much increased because of the prejudice that paper can easily burn. However, the cellulose insulation as a product is about 80 wt.% cellulosic fiber and 20 wt.% chemicals, most of which are fire retardants such as boric acid and ammonium sulfate. It is required to secure its fire safety for more consumption as a building insulation in Korea. Therefore, this study investigates the fire resistance of Korean cellulose insulation according to the rate of fire retardant and finally presents the optimum rate of fire retardant in cellulose as building insulation. The fire safety test was conducted according to the ASTM C 1485-00. The test results indicate that above 18 wt% of fire retardant is necessary to secure the fire safety of cellulose insulation.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2020

In this study, combustion and smoke release characteristics of a non-class 1E cable for nuclear power plants were investigated according to aging period. The aging was reproduced through an accelerated aging method for interval of 10 years :10, 20, 30 and 40 year, which was applied the Arrhenius equation. The cable was subjected to accelerated aging. In order to understand combustion and smoke release characteristics, the cone calorimeter test was performed according to the standard code of KS F ISO 5660-1. Heat release rate, mass loss rate, average rate of heat emission and smoke production rate were examined through cone calorimeter test. Fire performance index, fire growth index and smoke factor were derived from test results for the comparison of quantitative fire risk. When comparing the fire performance index and the fire growth index, the early fire risk tends to decrease as aging progresses, which might be attributed from the fact that the volatile substances of cables were evaporated. However, when comparing the heat release rate, average rate of heat emission and mass loss rate, which represent the mid and late periods of the fire risk, the values of accelerated aging cables were much higher than those of non-aged cable, which signifies the unstable formation of the char layer resulted in the change in the performance of flame retardants. In addition, the results from the smoke characteristics show that the accelerated aging cables were lager than the non-aged cables in terms of overall fire risk. These results can be used as baseline data when assessing fire risk of cables and establishing fire safety code for nuclear power plants.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2012

Wood-plastic composites represents a growing class of materials used by the residential construction industry and furniture industry. In this study, the effect of flame retardants on the flammability and mechanical properties of wood flour-high density polyethylene(HDPE) composites were studied. we were manufactured wood flour-HDPE composites by modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder with L/D ratio of 42. The flame retardant properties were used limiting oxygen index(LOI) and mechanical properties were measured by universal testing machine(UTM). The Morphological analysis of composites were analyzed by Scanning electron microscope(SEM). It was found that Ammonium polyphosphate can effectively reduce the flammability of the wood flour-HDPE composites. Marginal reduction in the mechanical properties of the composites was found with addition of flame retardants. SEM images showed that the coupling agent improved wood flour-HDPE interfacial bonding.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 1996년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 1996

The smouldering combustion of cellulose Insulation treated with boric acid - borax - aluminium sulfate as combustion retardants are examined by candle type combustibility tester. The flammability behavior of combustion process is LOI, Smouldering region, Smouldering, Flamming spread region and Flame spread region. In this experiment, Particle size of four examined LOI, L.Point, H.Point, at the biggest size show high LOI. The surface area is connected with thermal conduction. The phenomena of combustion transition are governed by quantity of combustible gas generation in heating zone of cellulose insulation.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 목분-폴리프로필렌 복합재의 연소성 및 열적특성을 평가하기 위하여 한계산소지수 실험 및 열중량 분석실험을 실시하였다. 목분-폴리프로필렌 복합재의 제조를 위하여 이축압출기를 활용한 압출공정과 사출성형기를 활용한 사출공정을 이용하였다. 그리고 복합재의 난연성능 향상을 위하여 난연제(4종류)를 첨가한 복합체의 화재성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1997

The combustion of cellulose insulation treated with Borax, Boric acid and Aluminum Sulfate as combustion retardants is examined by candle type combustion tester. The cellulose fibers in cellulose insulation are classified by diameter as less than 0.2mm, 0.2mm-0.5mm, 0.5mm-2mm and more than 2mm. The burning behavior of cellulose insulation are studied by LOI (Limit Oxygen Index: Beginning point of smoldering), L- point (Lower point of combustion transition from smoldering- flaming to flaming combustion), LOI, L-point and H-point rise with the increasing particle size of cellulose fibers because thermal decomposition rate of cellulose fiber decreases. The phenomena of combustion transition from smoldering to flaming combustion are determined by the generating rate of combustible gas and the formation rate of combustible gas mixture within the zone of cellulose fiber heated.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.475-486
• /
• 2008

In this study, fire-retardant chemicals were melt with mixed composition ratios of dibasic ammonium phosphate and each half of boric acid and borax in hot water, in which hammer-milled chips were immersed to increase swelling of waste particleboards. Also, fire-retardant treated particles from sawn lumber chip and recycled particleboard chip were composed in ratio of 70:30 in core layer to improve boards' properties. Retention ratio of fire-retardant chemicals for the particles for face layer was high due to high specific surface area, and that of sawn lumber chips was somewhat higher than that of recycled particleboard chips. The mixture of particles from sawn lumber chips and recycled PB of 70:30 in weight ratio exceeded bending strength of 100 $kgf/cm^2$. It seemed that the relatively greater portions of dibasic ammonium phosphate affected adversely to dimensional stability, however fire-retardants treatment resulted in distinct effect lowering formaldehyde emission such as $E_0$ type(0.5mg/$\ell$ or less) in KS F 3104. In fire-retardancy, the recycled boards with a mixed ratio of dibasic ammonium phosphate to boric acid borax(50:50 mixture) of 70% to 30% in weight satisfied fire-retardancy 3rd grade in KS F 2271, and also this composition from cone calorimeter test met same standard grade figuring total heat release of 4.6MJ/$m^2$.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2015

EPS 샌드위치 패널은 난연제의 첨가로 화재 시 발화를 늦춰주며 발열을 적게 발생시켜 연소의 확대를 막는다. 하지만 난연성능 기준에 미달하는 샌드위치 패널을 사용할 경우, 재산 및 인명 피해가 확대되는 사례가 발생할 수 있다. 마감재료의 난연성능은 육안으로는 확인이 어려워 간편하면서도 빠른 평가방법의 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 X-선 분석법(XRF, XRD)을 이용하여 EPS 샌드위치 패널의 화재안전평가 방법에 대해 분석하였다. X-선 분석법을 적용한 결과 화재시험을 통한 난연 성능에 따라 특정 성분이 검출되는 것을 확인하였다. X-선 형광분석(XRF)을 통해 알루미늄성분이 부적합제품에 비해 적합제품에 훨씬 많이 함유되어있는 것을 알 수 있었다. X-선 회절분석(XRD)을 통해 난연 EPS의 주된 결정성 물질로 확인된 깁사이트(gibbsite)는 적합제품과 부적합제품에 공통으로 함유되어 있었지만 결정성에 있어 차이가 나는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 X-선 분석을 통한 원소분석과 결정분석으로 난연성능 평가 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2018

붕산과 5붕산암모늄으로 처리한 편백나무 시험편의 연소특성에 관한 실험을 ISO 5660-1 표준에 따른 콘칼로리미터를 이용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 붕산과 5붕산암모늄의 혼합된 투여는 그들의 시너지 효과에 의해 화재성능지수 값을 향상시켰다. 또한 붕소 화합물로 처리한 시험편은 공시편보다 총열방출율 값이 6.1~14.1% 감소되었다. 붕소화합물로 처리된 시편의 총연기방출율은 연소과정 전반에 걸쳐 감소되었으나 붕산/5붕산암모늄은 예외였다. 일산화탄소 최대농도는 15.8~25.5% 정도 감소하는 경향성이 있었다. 대체적으로 난연제로 처리한 목재는 화재 위험성이 낮아진 것으로 이해된다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 최근 사회적으로 이슈가 되고 있는 다중이용시설의 화재 시 건축자재로 사용되는 내장재의 가연성으로 인한 화재확산 및 연소 시 유독가스 발생으로 인한 인명피해를 사전 예방하기 위한 방염제를 개발하고자 한다. 유-무기 하이브리드 소재로 실리카 졸에 방염성을 부여할 수 있는 방염 소재를 적용하여 졸-겔법에 의한 방염 접착제 또는 코팅제를 제조하였다. 기존의 방염소재는 물론 비방염소재의 방염화를 비할로겐 방법으로 적용가능하며, 기존의 접착 코팅제의 기본 물성과 특히 내열성능을 높여 화재 시 내열성 및 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있기 때문에 건축자재의 비할로겐 방염화를 확대하고자 한다.