• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.70-78
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• 1997

The objective of this research is to study on the upper and lower layer temperature, interface height and pressure in case of carpet, chair, trashcan and wardrobe fires in a residential room by performing the theoretical and experimental studies. The theoretical results of the upper and lower layer temperature, the interface height and the pressure were qualitatively well coincided with the experimental results. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. The interface heights were around 1m as the steady state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.5m from the floor. The pressure variation in the fire room ranged between 0.1mmAq and 0.4mmAq, and the temperature reached the highest while the pressure was maximum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2006

A constant volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the combustion characteristics. of homogeneous charge of methane-air mixture under various initial pressure, equivalence ratio and ignition times. The constant volume combustion chamber(CVCC) mostly has been studied by the experiments of visualization until now. So it is needed the numerical analysis of fluid and combustion characteristics in chamber by the more detail simulation. In this paper, the numerical analysis is tried to approach basically the homogeneous charge combustion phenomena under the various conditions, and the combustion phenomena in chamber is numerically analyzed by the commercial FIRE code. As a results, the combustion phenomena which were mean temperature, OH radical and reaction rate in chamber were investigated and it showed that the smallest flame growth occurs for the lean state and the increase of initial charged pressure condition due to the reduced OH radical.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

과학기술의 발전으로 세계 각국의 경쟁은 지상을 넘어 우주로 나아가고 있다. 현재 미국을 비롯한 세계 우주기술 선진국들은 달 및 행성탐사 우주선 개발과 같은 유인 우주기술 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 따라서 미국, 러시아, 유럽연합(독일, 프랑스 등 11개국), 캐나다, 일본을 중심으로 운영되고 있는 우주정거장은 유인 우주행성탐사 시 생명체 유지에 필요한 시스템 개발과 검증을 위한 기초/응용과학 실험실로 활용되고 있다. 특히 우주환경에서 화재의 발생과 감지/소화의 메카니즘을 이해하고자 다양한 연소실험이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 가장 기본적인 우주환경인 미세중력환경에서의 화염의 점화 및 형상특성을 고찰해보고 우주환경 화재안전에 관한 일반적인 내용을 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.530-535
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 한라산 산림 연료의 산불발생에 대한 위험성을 고찰하고자 16종의 고도별 분포수종 생엽을 대상으로 발화온도시험기와 콘칼로리미터 시험기를 이용하여 착화특성을 분석하였다. 함수율을 측정한 결과, 98~248% 정도의 범위 내에서 수종별로 차이가 나타났으며, 무염착화온도는 $251{\sim}383^{\circ}C$ 온도구간에서 수종별로 차이가 나타났다. 선정된 시료들 가운데 조릿대의 함수율과 발화온도가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 조릿대, 털진달래, 개서어나무들은 발염착화가 일어나는 것이 확인되었으며, 조릿대는 다른 수종들에 비해서 가장 빠른 시간에 착화가 일어나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

Composite materials were used widely due to merit of light weight, low maintenance cost and easy installation. But it is the cause of enormous casualties to men and properties because of weak about the fire. Particularly, it is more serious in case of subway train installed composite materials. For this reason, experimental comparison has been done fur measuring heat release rate(H.R.R) and smoke production rate(S.P.R) of interior panels of electric motor car using cone calorimeter. A high radiative heat flux of 50kW/㎡ was used to bum out all materials and to simulate the condition of fully developed fire case in the tests. It was observed that Heat Release Rate and Smoke Production Rate curves were dependent on the kinds of the interior materials. From the heat release rate curves, the sustained ignition time, peak heat release rate and total heat release rate were deduced, These data are useful in classifying the materials by calculating two parameters describing the possibility to flashover.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2020

In the case of, the ignition of flammable external materials by the radiant flame and the accompanying fire in the upper layer are occurring every year, and in the case of the Flashover prediction formula, the limit is reached through the surface area of the space and the factor. Predicts heat release rate. In this study, the critical heat release rate of each prediction formula was calculated based on the ISO 9705 model.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.60
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

This study has developed Forest Fire Occurrence Danger Index (FFODI) using fuel and topographical characteristics for the practical purposes of forecasting forest fire occurrence danger rating. This was made on the basis of the 126 forest fire site according to field survey. The result of fire frequency analysis showed 87 sites on conifer $(69\%)$, 21 on mixed $(16.7\%)$ and 18 $(14.3\%)$ on non-conifer. The scale for Fuel Model Index(FMI) ranges from 1 to 10 and Topography Model Index(TMI) from 1 to 5. FMI is 10 on the conifer, 3 on the mixed and 2 on the non-conifer. In case of topographical analysis, it was estimated that 90 site $(71.4\%)$ of ignition point was bottom foot hill and 22 site $(17.5\%)$ was on the southwest. TMI in southwest direction is 5.0, 4.5 in the northwest and the northeast, 4.0 in the southeast and the south, 2.5 in the north and the west and 1.5 in the east. TMI in the bottom foot hill is 5 in the bottom foot hill, 1.5 in the upper foot hill, 1.0 in the bottom middle slope and 0.5 in the upper middle slope and bottom ridge.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

This study has conducted an experiment of comparing the flame resistant performance and combustion characteristics according to flame resistant treatment using the Cypress Luba and particle board that is commonly used for interior decoration and furniture. As a result of testing the flame resistant performance of Cypress Luba, the Cypress Luba injected with flame resistant resin using the vacuum pressure treatment has shown to have better performances (carbonized area 9.55% and carbonized length 22.91%) than the Cypress Luba treated with flame resistant coating having rubberized plastic components on its surface. For particle board, the specimen attached with fireproof film was identified to be better (carbonized area 40.10% and carbonized length 43.40%) than the specimen with non-fireproof film. For the results of combustion characteristics using the Cone Calorimeter, the specimen treated with flame resistant coating on the surface had faster ignition than the Cypress Luba injected with fire resistant resin using vacuum pressure treatment, and in the total release of calories, the Cypress Luba injected with fire resistant resin using vacuum pressure had $68.2MJ/m^2$, and the specimen treated with fire resistant coating on the surface had $111.52MJ/m^2$. For the particle board, the ignition time had a little difference but in the total release of calories, the specimen attached with fireproof film had $90.1MJ/m^2$ and the specimen with non-fireproof film had $107.6MJ/m^2$.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.6
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose two predictive spatial data mining based on spatial statistics and apply for predicting the forest fire hazardous area. These are conditional probability and likelihood ratio methods. In these approaches, the prediction models and estimation procedures are depending un the basic quantitative relationships of spatial data sets relevant forest fire with respect to selected the past forest fire ignition areas. To make forest fire hazardous area prediction map using the two proposed methods and evaluate the performance of prediction power, we applied a FHR (Forest Fire Hazard Rate) and a PRC (Prediction Rate Curve) respectively. In comparison of the prediction power of the two proposed prediction model, the likelihood ratio method is mort powerful than conditional probability method. The proposed model for prediction of forest fire hazardous area would be helpful to increase the efficiency of forest fire management such as prevention of forest fire occurrence and effective placement of forest fire monitoring equipment and manpower.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.136-147
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze four cases of firefighter burns in various fire scenes and to find prevention measures to decrease firefighter injuries. Among the analysis reports prepared by the National Fire Research Institute of Korea from 2016 to 2020, four burn-related accidents are summarized and the main causes are conveyed. The four accidents include second-degree burns from using extinguishers during containment of fires; nine firefighters burned due to re-ignition in the LPG car repair shop; two firefighters injured with third-degree burns from using fire extinguishers during life-saving events in residential housing; and injuries from the radiant heat of the tank BLEVE near the factory fire. These cases are comprehensively investigated in their respective scenes and analyzed based on the fire site investigation reports from the fire department and related theoretical explanations of risk for each accident scene. In the third case study, some experimental research is conducted to evaluate the risk involved with the use of safety gloves. This is evaluated by reviewing Fire Tactics and Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) to determine improvements and recommendations for an efficient firefighting response. Results show that the main causes of burn accidents are the insufficient use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety gloves, and the failure to follow firefighting tactics or SOPs. Through the accident investigation and assessment, it is concluded that to reduce the frequency of burn accidents, the performance of firefighting equipment, SOPs, protection tactics, and safety policy systems require improvement.