• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.24-29
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• 1996

The objective of this research is to study on the formations of thermal stratification in a room in case of several furniture fires such as trashcan, chair, carpet, sofa, mattress and wardrobe as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the mattress and wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. When fire spread to only one direction, like the case for the trashcan with a regular shape, there was one peak of temperature profile, and for the irregular shaped furniture such as chair, sofa, mattress and wardrobe, there were two or more peaks. The interface heights for the furniture fires were around 1(m) mataining constant state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25(m)-0.75(m) from the floor

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.421-441
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• 2005

The present work reports on a numerical simulation of a compartment fire. The fire was modeled using a simplified approach, where combustion is simulated as a volumetric heat release. Computations were performed with the commercial code CFX 5.6. Radiation was modeled with a differential approximation (P1 model), while turbulence effects upon the mean gas flow were dealt with a SST turbulence model. Simulations were carried out using a transient approach, starting at the onset of ignition. Results are provided for the temperature field time evolution, thus allowing a direct comparison with the analytical and experimental data. The high spatial resolution available for the results proved to be of great utility for a more detailed analysis of the thermal impact on the steel structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.361-368
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• 1997

Summary of experiments for the investigation of a fire which caused an upward fire spread for over 12 floors through balconies in a high-rise apartment complex is reported. The experiments include indoor tests to obtain fire properties of vertical PMMA fences and outdoor ones with a full scale model of the balcony. The test results suggest significance of the increase of total flame height by the merging of flames and a cooperative effect of the burning of the PMMA fence and combustibles on the balconies for the generation of a tall flame enough to cause ignition on the upper floors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.133-134
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• 2019

As part of recent low-energy policies, thermal insulation standards for buildings are being tightened every year. The importance of external insulation methods is increasing due to the strengthening of insulation standards. Among the main materials used in the external insulation method, dry bit material is a finishing material composed of an organic binder and aggregate. When the fire occurs, the ignition of the surface part causes a direct fire on the thermal insulation material at the rear side when heat energy is concentrated. Therefore, it is important that the finishing material in dry insulation using a dry bit has a low fire spreading property in case of a fire and does not have a sustained combustion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fire spreadability by changing the internal fillers while using alkoxide-based acrylic emulsions, hybrid acrylic emulsions, and general acrylic emulsions in order to suppress the fire spreading properties of exterior finish materials.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

This study is carried out for the fire safety of the factory building, the fire risk reduction measure in compliance with an example approached in fire risk reduction systematically, contribute to reduce the fire risk. The analytical fire risk process of discovering, identifying, estimating and evaluating risk and control measure as risk reduction measures are core concept, applies loss prevention with loss control techniques. The painting process in the workplace where the fire hazard and death accident accompanies coexists. Loss prevention problem of creation prevention of dangerous atmosphere at workplace is health and human services problem of normal circumstances, must be inspected with problem of combustible gases at the time of fire explosion. Static electricity measure accomplished the risk control process thoroughly as the fire risk reduction process model with the ignition sources measure which is presented. Fire risk from within organizing will be able to classify with each field by detailedly but risk treatment process will be able to apply basically all the same concept. Consequently about risk management example from before, this study is proposed risk management techniques that standardized rightly in the actual condition of organization with one plan, with discovery of fire risk, the feedback process in compliance with a fire risk reduction and the review which control the result is joint responsibility of engineer, technical expert and manager as part of safety management to practice with the fact must be supervised.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.474-478
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• 2018

For process safety, fire and explosion characteristics of combustible materials handled at industrial fields must be available. The combustion properties for the prevention of the accidents in the work place are flash point, fire point, explosion limit, and autoignition temperature (AIT) etc.. However, the combustion properties suggested in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are presented differently according to the literatures. The accurate combustion properties are necessary to safely treatment, transportation and handling of flammable substances. In the chemical industries, n-ethylaniline which is widely used as a raw material of intermediate products and rubber chemicals was selected. For safe handling of n-ethyl aniline, the flash point, the fire point and the AIT were measured. The lower explosion limit (LEL)of n-ethylaniline was calculated using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n- ethylaniline by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $77^{\circ}C$ and $82^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-ethylaniline using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $85^{\circ}C$ and $92^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of the measured n-ethyl aniline by the ASTM E659 apparatus was measured at $396^{\circ}C$. The LEL of n-ethylaniline measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester at $77^{\circ}C$ was calculated to be 1.02 vol%. In this study, it was possible to predict the LEL by using the lower flash point of n-ethylaniline measured by closed-cup tester. The relationship between the ignition temperature and the ignition delay time of the n-ethylaniline proposed in this study makes it possible to predict the ignition delay time at different ignition temperatures.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2004

An important characteristics during fire growth is the phenomena of flashover, which is the transition from the local combustion to the full-room fire. The aim of this study is to predict the flashover times, the ignition times and HRR(heat release rate) of flashover for building interior materials. By using the literature data and RSM(response surface methodology), the new equations for predicting the flashover time, the ignition time and the HRR of building interior materials are proposed. The A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated flashover times were 38.74sec and 51.24sec respectively, and the correlation coefficient was 0.975. The A.A.P.E and the A.A.D of the reported and the calculated ignition times were 10.96sec and 1.97sec, and the correlation coefficient was 0.962. Also the A.A.P.E and the A.A.D. of the reported and the calculated the HRR of flashover by means of times were 29.92 and 514, and the correlation coefficient was 0.830. The values calculated by the proposed equations were in good agreement with the literature data. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed equations will support the use of the research for other building interior materials.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2012

This research has set up the fire fighting general index for Fire fighting of Crowded Wooden Building Cultural Asset which is composed of traditional wooden building instinct or complex. The results of this study are as follows. First, Fire fighting general index for crowded wooden building cultural asset, it is necessary to set fire fighting priority by considering fire risk and cultural asset characteristic and establish the system to cope with fire disaster in the most effective way by arranging facilities with restricted resource. Second, Fire risk is the index to draw fire and spread risk of cultural asset by applying index calculation processes such as fire load, burning velocity and ignition material spread characteristic to various aspects such as individual building and complex and combining their results. Cultural asset importance index consists of individual building evaluation, publicity security degree, area importance evaluation and historical landscape degree evaluation. Third, for each index combination process, weight of each index is drawn on the basis of AHP analysis result that is performed to the specialists of related fields. The formula to apply and combine it is prepared to apply the model to include meaning of each index and comparative importance degree.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

For the effective management of forest fire, understanding of regional forest fire patterns is needed. In this paper, forest fire ignition and spread characteristics were analyzed based on forest fire statistics. Fire occurrences, burned area, rate of spread, and burned area per fire between 1991 and 2007 were parameterized for the cluster analysis, which results were displayed using GIS to detect spatial patterns of forest fire. Administrative districts such as cities and counties were classified into 5 clusters by fire susceptibility. Metropolitan areas had fire characteristics that were infrequent, slow rate of spread, and small burned area. However, 4 cities and counties showing fast rate of spread, and large burned area, in the eastern regions of Taeback Mountain range, were the most susceptible areas to forest fire. The next vulnerable cities and counties were located in the West and South Coast area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2022

In December 2017, a fire at the Jecheon Sports Center caused 29 deaths and 40 injuries, and about 2 billion won in property damage. It is a facility used by unspecified people as a publicly used establishment with a piloti structure. The damage was expanded due to the ignition of combustible exterior materials, Lack of fire protection in horizontal and vertical penetrations. Although legislation has improved since the fire, it is not retroactively applied, increasing the risk of fire in existing buildings. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the case of the Jecheon Sports Center fire and draw out the problems. In this study, the fire simulation results and the Jecheon Sports Center fire are comparatively analyzed and used as basic data for fire reduction measures in publicly used establishment. As a result of the fire simulation drive, in the case of the second floor, the room temperature exceeded the human life safety standard of 60 ℃ after about 700 seconds had passed. In the case of three floor, it is predicted that the indoor temperature will exceed about 350 ℃. and temporary complexation will occur in the indoor combustibles.