• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2018

The rapid progress toward the 4th industrial society has led to possibilities of fire increase. It is pointed out that, though initial fire suppression is emphasized, the current legal systems do not sufficiently recognize the importance of initial fire suppression. In order to resolve this, problems of the current legal systems and regulations, as well as fire-fighting facilities to be equipped according to the size of specific fire-fighting objects, were diagnosed. Also, suggestions for improvement were provided through comparative analysis with relevant laws and technical regulations of Korea and other countries. According to fire safety standards such as NFPA, IMO, ISO, and Russian standards, automatic fire extinguishers are to be installed as per the adaptability criteria of fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishers. In Korea, the "Act on Fire Prevention and Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Control of Fire-fighting Systems" cover the types and scope of fire fighting facilities that include specific fire protection objects, such as electric room, power room, and substation room. This study has identified that, in case of a place with a floor area of less than $300m^2$, the installation requirement is not clearly specified. Therefore, in this study, fire extinguishing equipment and automatic fire extinguishing equipment to be added for each sub-use application are proved to have fire extinguishing performance of Class A, Class B, and Class C, respectively. In view of the fact that, in overseas standards, all space except containing such materials as Deep fire, metal fire and peroxide, can be installed with fire fighting equipment, a legal system for specifying the capacity units of fire fighting apparatus by application is, in this study, proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.225-230
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• 2007

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

In the present study, the numerical investigation has been carried out to see the effects of water mist sprays on the fire suppression mechanism. The special-purposed program named as FDS was used to simulate the interaction of fire plume and water mists. This program solves the fire-driven flows using LES turbulence model, the mixture fraction combustion model, the finite volume method of radiation transport for a non-scattering gray gas, and conjugate heat transfer between wall and gas flow. The computational domain was composed of a rectangular space dimensioned as $L{\times}W{\times}H=4.0{\times}4.0{\times}2.5\;m^3$ with a mist-injecting nozzle installed 1.0 m high from the fire pool. In this paper, two types of nozzles were chosen to compare the performance of the fire suppression. Numerical results showed that the nozzle, type A, with more orifices having smaller diameters had poorer performance than the other one, type B because the flow injected through side holes deteriorated the primary flow. The fire-extinguishing time of type A was 2.6 times bigger than that of type B.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.795-800
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• 2021

Magnesium fires require early fire extinguishment due to impulsive and rapid-fire expansion that makes difficult fire fighting. For this reason, efficient early fire fighting and appropriate prevention of fire spread are considered mainly as significant fire extinction measures. However, there is a limit to developing tools for metal fire fighting, such as devices, facilities, and fire extinguishing agents, due to a lack of regulatory instruments in South Korea. It often generates challenges to early fire fighting implementation by fire responders. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate a measure for securing the efficiency of early fire fighting in magnesium. This study identified the applicability of the metal fire extinguisher used in the United States for magnesium fire through a performance test of a fire extinguishing agent for metal fire. Moreover, we implemented a free burning experiment using magnesium powder to compare varying combustion and extinction process that could occur during applying metal fire extinguishers. Finally, this study suggests measures of the use and application of metal fire extinguishers for magnesium.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2 s.58
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

A study of the utilization of inert gas generator(IGG) that generates a large amount of inert gas for the fire extinguishing equipment was performed. In this study, the fire extinction performance of gas generated from a 1GG which is implemented to a gas turbine was investigated. A simulated mixture gas of which composition is the same as that of the gas generated from ICG was used in all experiments. First, the extinction concentration was measured using a cup burner method. The extinction design concentration and the volume of extinction space was calculated by applying the obtained extinction concentration to a method recommended by NFPA 2001. In practical respects, the fire extinction performance of IGG-generated gas was confirmed through the fire suppression experiment within a $2m\times2m\times2m$ room.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.132-133
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• 2005

A study to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of the water mist system inside simulated machinery spaces according to IMO MSC/Circ.668 was performed. Fire tests were conducted inside a compartment having a area 100$m^2$(10m${\times}$10m) with a ceiling height of 10m and door opening of 2m${\times}$2m in size. Test fuels were used heptane, diesel, wood crib and mineral oil. Water mist nozzles were installed downward at ceiling and horizontally at bilge area. All fires in the test were extinguished within 15minutes of system activation and there was no reignition or fire spread.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

The present study was aimed to analyze enclosure integrity test, which is the performance experiment of soaking time, in a fire zone equipped with gaseous extinguishing system in an effort to find understand the effect of precaution factors upon the success of fire extinguishment. To achieve the goal of this study, it divided the fire zones of internal and external power plants into ones taking precaution measures and not taking them and then enclosure integrity test was given respectively. Therefore, this study examined the success rate if the test according to the presence and absence of the precaution measure and confirmed the failure factors, designed concentration soaking time and proportion of leakage area to total volume area by type of gaseous extinguishing system and rooms. Precaution measures were applied to the fire zones without them to confirm the increase of the success rate of enclosure integrity test. By doing so, it was found that reduced number of experiments caused by failure led to cost saving.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.12-18
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• 2005

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

This study evaluated the fire detection performance of an automatic fire extinguishing system for road tunnels, which combines flame wavelength detection technology with flame image detection technology. This fusion technique to improve the fire detection capability can reduce the damage caused by the fire suppression by locating the fire source in the fire and discharging the pressurized water only at the fire source. Experiments were conducted to determine the position of a fire source when a $70cm{\times}70cm$ target was placed at a distance of 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m, and 35 m, respectively, in a situation where there is a flame and smoke in a tunnel. The performance of the ultraviolet and triple wavelength infrared (IR3) sensors was attenuated due to the interference of thick smoke. In addition when the flame was blocked by thick smoke, the image sensor sensed the smoke and emitted a fire signal.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

An experimental study has been carried out to determine the flow rate for a feasible N2 generator to extinguish the fire, and this study analogized the correlations to determine the flow rate for $N_2$ generator considered an Oxygen concentration, protected enclosure, discharging pressure and discharging time. We manufactured simple protected enclosure for analyzing fire-extinguishing performance of the $N_2$ generator. As a $N_2$ gas is exhausted on protected enclosure, a various of Oxygen concentration is measured to analyze fire-extinguishing performance experimentally. The correlations determined as an uncertainty analysis for the Oxygen concentration deviations of the theoretical and experimental value. The analogized correlations is Q = (21 $\times$ V)/($O_2+{\zeta}{\cdot}P$)-V. In case of $300m^3$ protected enclosure, 0.8 MPa discharging pressure and $40m^3$/min $N_2$ flow rate, the Oxygen concentration is decreased below 15% within 3 minutes.