• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The occurrence of unexpected disasters, including fire events, increases as the road network becomes complicated and traffic volume increases. When a fire event occurs on and under bridges, the damage extensively influences direct damage to structures, vehicles, and human life and secondary socioeconomic issues owing to traffic blockage. This study investigated potential fire-hazard risks on bridges of the Korean national route road. METHODS : The investigation was conducted using field investigation and analysis with satellite pictures and road views from commercial websites and the Bridge Management System (BMS). From the filed investigation, various potential fire resources were identified. The satellite pictures and road views were helpful in measuring and recognizing conditions underneath bridges, stowage areas, etc. RESULTS : There are various potential fire resources underneath bridges such as piled agricultural products, parked petroleum tanks, construction equipment, and attached high-voltage cables. A total of 94.6% of bridges have underneath clearances of less than 15 m. A bridge underneath volume that can stow a potential fire hazard resource was $7,332m^3$ on average, and most bridges have about $4,000m^3$ of space. Based on the BMS data, the amounts of PSC and steel girders were 29% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the amount of stowed potential fire hazard resources was proportional to the underneath space of bridges. Most bridges have less than 15 m of vertical clearance that can be considered as a critical value for a bridge fire. The fire risk investigation results should be helpful for developing bridge fire-protection tools.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

원자력발전소의 방화지역에서 전기적인 단락, 지락, 전기회로 개방 등의 전기 문제로 화재가 발생할 수 있다. 전기 화재가 발생할 경우 안전계통 및 관련기기의 안전정지 기능이 상실된다. 이러한 사고를 예방하기 위하여 안전계통은 다중성, 독립성으로 설계되어 있다. 그러나 케이블 화재시 운전원은 오동작, 잘못된 지시 및 계측으로 발전소 상황을 잘 못 판단하여 적절한 조치를 하지 못할 수 있다. 따라서 주제어실 화재시 케이블 기능상실온도에서 최소 운전원 조치 요구시간인 5분은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서 주제어실 화재시 케이블의 기능상실온도 시간을 분석하여 운전원 조치시간이 충분한지 평가하여 주제어실 화재에 대한 안전성을 확인하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

국가 산업의 발달에 따라 노인, 장애인, 아동 등 노유자에 대한 중요성이 인식되고 있고, 노유자시설의 수도 증가하고 있다. 노유자시설에서 발생하는 화재는 막대한 인명피해를 야기한다. 이를 대응하기 위해서는 신속·정확한 경보와 피난경로의 확보가 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 노유자시설 관련 법령과 통계자료를 검토하고, 노유자 등의 법적용어의 상이, 경보설비의 비화재보 문제, 방화구획기준의 사각지대, 피난경로 확보문제, 인명안전구조기구의 기준부재의 문제점을 확인하였다. 개선방안으로 노유자 등의 유사용어에 대한 법적정의 정리, 비화재보 점검체크리스트 제안, 방화구획 관련기준 제정, 피난용 승강기의 도입, 인명안전구조기구 기준 제정 및 대피자용 방염물품비치를 제안하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to conduct ETA on 15 components of power installations: the DS/LBS, LA, MOF, CT, PT, A/V meter, VCB, OCR, COS, PF, Transformer, Condenser(C), Grounding, Cable and Connector. To achieve that, power installations work flow and its components are categorized. Based on performance, human, environmental, management, and safety, this paper drew Initiation events (IE) and End states (ES). ETA is applied to the main functions of each component, and the end states that may occur in one initiation event are suggested. In addition, detailed classification was performed to induce various end states on the basis of the suggested initiation events. If the suggested IEs and ESs are applied on the basis of power installations event cases, it is expected to prevent the same kinds of accident and operate power installations safely.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.132-143
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to explore experiences of the posttraumatic growth (PTG) in firefighters with repeated exposure to traumatic events. Methods: Participants were 11 firefighters from two fire departments, who had experienced more than one critical trauma events. Data were collected through personal interviews from August to October 2020 and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological methods. Results: The PTG experiences were derived into four categories: 'growth in self-perception', 'rediscovery of the meaning of life', 'deep interpersonal relationships', and 'discovery of the meaning of work'. Conclusion: These findings could be used as basic information for developing PTG program for firefighters such as logo-therapy, semantic therapy, and self-disclosure intervention using expressive writing and speaking.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.265-283
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• 2021

To ensure that fire induced collapse of a building is prevented it is important to understand the sequence of events that can lead to this event. In this paper, the initiation of collapse mechanisms of generic a multi-storey steel frame subjected to vertical and horizontal travelling fires are analysed computationally by tracking the formation of plastic hinges in the frame and generation of fire induced loads. Both uniform and travelling fires are considered. In total 58 different cases are analysed using finite element software LS-DYNA. For the frame examined with a simple and generic structural arrangement and higher applied fire protection to the columns, the results indicate that collapse mechanisms for singe floor and multiple floor fires can be each split into two main groups. For single floor fires (taking place in the upper floors of the frame (Group S1)), collapse is initiated by the pull-in of external columns when heated beams in end bays go into catenary action. For single floor fires occurring on the lower floors(Group S2), failure is initiated (i.e. ultimate strain of the material is exceeded) after the local beam collapse. Failure in both groups for single floor fires is governed by the generation of high loads due to restrained thermal expansion and the loss of material strength. For multiple floor fires with a low number of fire floors (1 to 3) - Group M1, failure is dominated by the loss of material strength and collapse is mainly initiated by the pull-in of external columns. For the cases with a larger number of fire floors (5 to 10) - Group M2, failure is dominated by thermal expansion and collapse is mainly initiated by swaying of the frame to the side of fire origin. The results show that for the investigated frame initiation of collapse mechanisms are affected by the fire type, the number of fire floors, and the location of the fire floor. The findings of this study could be of use to designers of buildings when developing fire protection strategies for steel framed buildings where the potential for a multifloor fire exists.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze four cases of firefighter burns in various fire scenes and to find prevention measures to decrease firefighter injuries. Among the analysis reports prepared by the National Fire Research Institute of Korea from 2016 to 2020, four burn-related accidents are summarized and the main causes are conveyed. The four accidents include second-degree burns from using extinguishers during containment of fires; nine firefighters burned due to re-ignition in the LPG car repair shop; two firefighters injured with third-degree burns from using fire extinguishers during life-saving events in residential housing; and injuries from the radiant heat of the tank BLEVE near the factory fire. These cases are comprehensively investigated in their respective scenes and analyzed based on the fire site investigation reports from the fire department and related theoretical explanations of risk for each accident scene. In the third case study, some experimental research is conducted to evaluate the risk involved with the use of safety gloves. This is evaluated by reviewing Fire Tactics and Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) to determine improvements and recommendations for an efficient firefighting response. Results show that the main causes of burn accidents are the insufficient use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety gloves, and the failure to follow firefighting tactics or SOPs. Through the accident investigation and assessment, it is concluded that to reduce the frequency of burn accidents, the performance of firefighting equipment, SOPs, protection tactics, and safety policy systems require improvement.

• 대기
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

This study analyzes the climate change in Korea and its impact on the occurrence of forest fire events. The forest fire occurrences in Korea tend to concentrate around large cities. In addition, the spatial distribution of the forest fire occurrence seems to agree with local climate conditions. Though the occurrence of the forest fire shows strong interannual variation, it also exhibits a positive trend. Because the forest fire frequently occurs during early spring, we examined long term climate variability in Korea for the early spring seasons. The climate change in Korea generally has brought warmer, drier, and less precipitable conditions during the early spring. The changes of the atmospheric conditions provide favorable condition for the forest fire. The climate changes in Korea also depict distinct spatial variability according to the atmospheric variables. We compared the regional trend of the fire occurrence with the climate trends. The results show the sharpest growing in the forest fire occurrence over southwest of Korea. This study suggests that the decrease in the precipitation day might affect the sharp increasement of the forest fire occurrence in the southwest of Korea.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1671-1678
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• 2007

In these days, Disaster Management Systems have still put emphasis on its recovery more than the prevention of disaster events. However, the countermeasure of restoration has limitations to prevent the caused loss because the disasters often happen and are massive. Therefore, we propose a disaster prevention system for supporting the safe urban. In this paper, we try to construct a real-time monitoring system to prevent disaster events using new technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Geographic Information System (GIS). As a prototype to simulate the fire disasters on real-time, we construct gas sensors and temperature sensors. Our system consists of a WSN system to collect data of the gas and temperature sensors and to monitor the situation information. Our contribution is to provide a prototype application to prevent the disasters from the fire by constructing a WSN system with gas and temperature sensors.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2013

The thermal creep is one of the major factors causing the buckle of steel columns in the fire events. But, few related studies have been reported to evaluate the factors affecting the thermal creep of steel column experimentally or numerically. In this study a series of Fire-resistant steel columns with three different slenderness ratios under a sustained load are tested under a uniform temperature up to six hours in order to evaluate the creep upon three selected factors, temperature, applied load, and column slenderness. Based on experimental results, a proposed creep strain rate model is established as the function of a single parameter of the load ratio of temperature LR(T) to determine the buckling time of steel column due to creep. Furthermore it is found that the creep can be neglected when LR(T) is smaller than 0.77.