• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2020

Accidents on construction sites involving fires do not occur as often as accidents involving falls from height or collapses. However, once a fire accident occurs, there is a high risk of a large number of casualties. Fire on construction sites is affected by working conditions and the types of activities the construction workers are engaged in at the sites. This study aims to identify activities and working conditions at construction sites that are vulnerable to fire, and analyse how they correlate with each other and how they affect the causes and consequences of fire accidents at construction sties. I analysed 40 fire accident reports and listed the situations vulnerable to fire at construction sites considering direct causes, activities, and working conditions. The most dangerous combination of fire hazards can be the heating devices used during rest/sleep in the office/cabin/storage during cold weather. The next most hazardous combination can be sparks arising from painting, waterproofing, insulation, plumbing, or welding/melting work in an underground or confined space.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2011

Steel columns used in steel buildings are inclined to lose their strength when exposed to severe fire conditions, so fire resistance is required in most countries to protect against loss of life and building collapses. In Korea, the fire resistance of columns can be obtained by the fire test defined in KS F 2257-1, 7. The fire resistance of a steel column should be evaluated in terms of the column's conditions, such as various section types (H-section, hollow-section), the column's length and boundary conditions, and whether it is fixed or hinged. However, fire testing of steel columns is usually conducted on one standard-sized H-section over 3,000 mm, and the result is used as the column's fire resistance. This is not a reasonable way to ensure that a building can withstand fire conditions. In this study, to evaluate the possibility of calculating the fire resistance of steel columns with material properties of high tensile strength of SS 400, both load-bearing fire tests and calculation of steel temperatures were carried out. The results of temperature calculation were very similar to those obtained by fire test.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제5호
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• pp.309-325
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• 2002

It was because mankind could use the fire that we have been civilized. creating a brilliant culture and developing an industrial society. While fire is very useful to our life, the number of the victims of fire continues to increase, This study suggests the ways to rescue the people safely when they are subject to a fire in a high-rise building. To this end, the concept of fire is reviewed. Fire breaks out when the conditions for congestion are met, and therefore. if any of the conditions can be blocked, the fire will be extinguished. In other words. the knowledge of such conditions will greatly help the fire fighters to rescue the people, and so. such conditions for congestion as flammable, heat, oxygen and chain reaction are examined. In addition, the effects of such by-products of fire as heat and smoke on human body are reviewed. In order to rescue the people more safely, the fire fighters are requested to review the situation and design a rescue strategy before being engaged in a full-scale rescue activity. This study discusses various rescue methods using such passages or equipments as stair case, double ladder, special fire fighting vehicle, elevator, jumar, rope, helicopter, etc. In conclusion. since it is more difficult to rescue the people from a high-rise building than from the ground, it is essential to design a rescue program not after fire but before it and thereby, minimize the number of victims.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.376-383
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• 1997

Fire experiments were conducted in a real scale room which is assumed to be a residential living room under the various opening conditions and locations of wood crib fire source to study on fire hazard before and after sprinkler activation. Concentrations of oxygen and carbon monoxide, smoke density, and temperature were measured to look into environmental conditions in a room of fire origin. The response time of residential sprinklers was also examined in relation to distance between sprinkler heads and a fire source.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2014

In this paper, a fire resistance test was carried out in accordance with the change of the insulation conditions on the exposed side and unexposed side of a coaming to obtain the optimal insulation conditions for class H-120 insulation in connection with specimen1 of the preceding paper for an evaluation of the fireproof performance of fire dampers according to hydrocarbon fire conditions. In the test results, specimen2(88 mm, $171^{\circ}C$) met the class H-120 insulation conditions, but specimen3(76mm, $181^{\circ}C$) exceeded the thermal insulation acceptance criteria at 110 minutes. Therefore, specimen2(88 mm) represents the optimal insulation conditions as a possible lightweight materialas compared to specimen1. From a comparison of the test results, we concluded that the temperature increase of the coaming insulation surface was influenced by conductive heat from the bulkhead and that the coaming surface was influenced by radiant heat from the blade and coaming.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2018

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) members are commonly used as composite columns in modern construction. However, the current guidelines for members' fire design (EN1994-1-2) have been proved to be unsafe in case the relative slenderness is higher than 0.5. In addition, the simplified design methods of Eurocode 4 are limited to circular and square CFST columns, while in practice columns with rectangular and elliptical hollow sections are being increasingly used because of their architectural aesthetics. In the last years a large experimental research has been carried out at Coimbra University on the topic. They have been tested concrete filled circular, square, rectangular and elliptical hollow columns with restrained thermal elongation. Some parameters such as the slenderness, the type of cross-section geometry as well as the axial and rotational restraint of the surrounding structure to the column have been tested in order to evaluate their influence on the fire resistance of such columns. In this paper it is evaluated the influence of the boundary conditions (pin-ended and semi-rigid end-support conditions) on the behavior of the columns in case of fire. In these tests it could not be seen a marked effect of the tested boundary conditions but it is believed that the increasing of rotational stiffness increases the fire resistance of the columns.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2009년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.487-492
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• 2009

This study was performed FE numerical analysis under 120-minute fire conditions, using the ABAQUS, a wide use software, on the basis of the test results by concrete tunnel lining fire strengths (ISO, RWS, and MHC). The concrete material test was to secure the material properties of concrete linings, which were numerical analysis input conditions. And then built the material properties, such as specific heat, heat transfer rate, heat expansion rate, density, elasticity coefficient and compression strength under high temperature conditions, as database at 20 $^{\circ}C$ to 800 $^{\circ}C$, applying them to analysis as input values. As a result, the tunnel linings under RWS fire conditions saw fire temperature rose to maximum 1119 $^{\circ}C$at the location of 5 mm above a thermal surface, and saw surface temperature amount to 1214 $^{\circ}C$ in the middle part.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 일상생활에서 화재에 대한 주민들의 경각심을 고취시킬 수 있도록 기상조건에 따른 화재위험을 평가할 수 있는 날씨 관련 서비스를 제안한다. 제안된 서비스는 기상예보에 따른 화재위험평가등급과 특정 기상조건에서 화재요인에 따른 화재위험도를 제공한다. 제안한 서비스에서는 데이터마이닝 기법인 의사결정트리를 이용하여 화재조사데이터와 관측된 기상데이터로부터 화재위험평가등급을 산출할 수 있는 화재 위험도 매트릭스를 생성한다. 주민들은 제안한 서비스를 통해 특정 기상조건에서 화재요인에 따라 화재위험도를 직접 평가할 수 있고, 화재위험도를 저감시킬 수 있는 예방책을 사용자가 선택할 수 있다. 제안한 서비스를 시스템화하여 서비스의 현실성을 확인하였다. 시스템은 온라인상에서 기상청의 기상예보가 갱신될 때마다 시도별로 기상예보에 따른 화재위험평가등급을 표시하고, 각 시도별로 해당 기상조건에서 화재요인에 따라 화재위험도를 평가할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 1998

this study was focused on the effects of fire on spatial change of vegetation landscape in rural region. Fire types recognized as erown fire, severe surface fire and light surface fire in order of increasing intensity were described in a fire map. GIS was introduced to understand the relationship between fire types and topographic conditions or vegetation types. We also investigated land-use type and regeneration strategies after burning. Fire intensity depended on topographic conditions and vegetation types. Special land-use type in this area was collection of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake). Mushrooms had been obtained from Pinus densiflora forests existing as edaphic climax or managed artificially. Regeneration strategy in burned areas was to make sprouts from burned oak stumps. A higher density and growth rate of sprouts, as compared to those on unburned areas, facilitated vegetation succession from P. densiflora forest to oak forest and consequently led to change of landscape pattern.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.97-98
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the failure conditions of fire doors in the process of use and prepare maintenance measures against them and find out the failure conditions and failure rates of fire doors according to the period of use of buildings. According to a survey of the failure rate and failure factor of fire doors, the failure rate of fire doors under 5 years was 3.7%, 13.4% of fire doors under 5 years and 10 years, and 14.8% of fire doors under 15 years and 27.6% of fire doors over 20 years. In particular, 15 years later, the failure rate of fire doors exceeded 20%. The main defects were found to be natural aging, holes, opening and closing failures, gaps, and failure and wear of accessories such as gaskets and door closers.