• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.206-212
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• 2009

Chemical behaviors of each surface material for interior facilities affect to fire initiation and growth in general fire situation. These chemical behaviors were characterized by thermal properties (Heat release rate, Pyrolysis rate, specific heat, etc) which could be derived from experimental test. Especially, Heat release rate which indicates aspect of fire size is one of the most important property to asses fire hazard and protection needs. The cone calorimeter test (ISO 5660) has recently assumed to a dominant role in bench scale fire testing to obtain the Heat release rate of materials. This value could be calculated by the 'Oxygen Consumption Method' under various producing irradiances to each surface of materials. In this study, Process of the cone calorimeter test was simulated by Pyrolysis model of FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator by NIST) base on the ISO 5660 international standard. Then, we could estimate the simulation method of FDS in case of single materials through the comparative study with test results.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2020

There is a need to analyze various factors in evacuation safety assessment of building in fire. In the current performance based design, evacuation safety assessment in case of fire is being conducted through the simulation as FDS and Pathfinder. However, the location and size of the door, the location of evacuation in the event of a fire are not considered when design. Accordingly, it is difficult to determine the worst case scenario considering the actual fire. Therefore in this study, in this study, we will propose an appropriate evaluation plan through simulation considering the worst-case scenario that may occur in case of fire.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

우리나라의 목조문화재는 구조적 특성상 화재에 매우 취약하고, 최근 들어 산불 및 방화 등의 이유로 많은 문화재들이 화재로 손실되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구 개발은 소량의 소화용수 사용이 가능한 중저압용 미분무 노즐과 그 패키지 소화 시스템을 개발하여 물로 인한 최소한의 피해와 최대의 소화효과와 더불어 최고의 화재안전 시스템을 개발하였다. 목조문화재 건축물의 특성을 고려하여 건축물의 내부와 외부에서 각각 적용 가능한 두 가지 형태의 중저압 미분무 노즐을 개발하였다. 외부용 노즐은 13~14bar의 압력에 서 30~35l/min의 유량을 갖고 있으며, 내부용 노즐은 14~15bar의 압력에서 25~30l/min 유량을 갖는 노즐을 설계 개발하였다. 개발된 노즐의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 궁궐 모양의 대표적인 목조문화재 실무크기인 가로 4.9m, 세로 4m, 높이 6.6m의 모형을 목재로 제작하였고 화재 시나리오를 만들어 실증화재 소화 실험을 실시하였다. 실증화재 실험결과 $200{\mu}m$의 물방울 입자 크기를 갖는 중저압 노즐이 한 적응성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 완전소화에는 실패하더라도 소방대가 출동할 때까지 연소확대가 되지 않도록 화재를 억제해 줄 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2018

The rapid progress toward the 4th industrial society has led to possibilities of fire increase. It is pointed out that, though initial fire suppression is emphasized, the current legal systems do not sufficiently recognize the importance of initial fire suppression. In order to resolve this, problems of the current legal systems and regulations, as well as fire-fighting facilities to be equipped according to the size of specific fire-fighting objects, were diagnosed. Also, suggestions for improvement were provided through comparative analysis with relevant laws and technical regulations of Korea and other countries. According to fire safety standards such as NFPA, IMO, ISO, and Russian standards, automatic fire extinguishers are to be installed as per the adaptability criteria of fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishers. In Korea, the "Act on Fire Prevention and Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Control of Fire-fighting Systems" cover the types and scope of fire fighting facilities that include specific fire protection objects, such as electric room, power room, and substation room. This study has identified that, in case of a place with a floor area of less than $300m^2$, the installation requirement is not clearly specified. Therefore, in this study, fire extinguishing equipment and automatic fire extinguishing equipment to be added for each sub-use application are proved to have fire extinguishing performance of Class A, Class B, and Class C, respectively. In view of the fact that, in overseas standards, all space except containing such materials as Deep fire, metal fire and peroxide, can be installed with fire fighting equipment, a legal system for specifying the capacity units of fire fighting apparatus by application is, in this study, proposed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.71-72
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• 2017

The oyster shell is lightweight and exhibits strength characteristics similar to sand. In this study, mortar specimens were fabricated by crushing them and processed to 5mm or less of the fine aggregate standard, and examined the fire resistance of the mortar according to changes in particle size distribution. In this experiment, seven particle size distribution conditions were tested. In addition, the mixing ratio was fixed at 1: 3, and the experiment was conducted in terms of the volume ratio because the densities of sand and oyster shells were different.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2003

실제 건물화재에서 창문재료의 내화특성을 평가하기 위하여 건물화재실험이 수행되었다. 4 mx3.8mx2.4m 방에서 PVC 창문, 알루미늄 창문, AL+Wood 창문을 각각 설치하고 화원은 소파와 매트리스를 사용하였다. 창문은 아파트 베란다에 많이 사용하는 유리두께 6mm사이에 공기층 12 mm인 것을 사용하였다. 건물내부와 창문 주변의 온도분포를 살펴보기 위하여 총 32개 지점의 온도를 측정하였다. 실험결과 건물내의 온도분포, 창틀의 변화, 유리창의 파손 정도 둥을 조사하여 분석하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

The fire testing performed for smoke detector model approval in Korea tests only one kind of fire smoke. A photoelectric spot-type smoke detector using Mie scattering is affected by the wavelength of light beam and the particle diameter. According to UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) 268 standard, this paper analyze the characteristic of the response for a photoelectric spot-type smoke detector on sale in Korea using various fire smokes. Probability that the response time is included in non-defective range is 100% in paper fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire. According to the estimation for population mean of the response time choosing a confidence level of 99%, a maximum of 19% for wood fire and that of 38% for flammable liquid fire are defective. As the result of analysis of smoke particle, this paper is found that these results are caused by the smoke particles are wide variations in size or have very black.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2004

The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was applied to a center fire in a room, of which dimensions were 1.8m${\times}$1.38m with an opening of 0.45m${\times}$1.2m doorway, to evaluate the numerical method. The time-variation of temperature at a top point of thedoorway centerline and distributions of evaluate the numerical method. The time-variation of temperature at a top point of the doorway centerline and distributions of average temperature along the doorway centerline and corner stack were compared with measurements for three different fire sizes, 7.65, 21.25 and 51.71kW. The results showed FDS predicted a very rapid fire growth compared with the experiment for all the three fire sizes, that is an importand shortcoming of FDS in compartment fire simulations. The average temperature distributions, and heights of hot gas layers and neutral planes in steady state were in reasonable agreement with the measurements.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4671-4676
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• 2010

화점높이 변화에 따른 풀 화재의 연소특성을 알아보기 위하여 인화성액체인 메탄올과 노르말 헵탄을 $100mm{\times}100mm{\times}50mm$ 크기의 사각형 용기에 내에 넣고 연소실험을 하였다. 용기의 재질은 스테인레스를 사용하였다. 연소시간, 질량감소속도, 화염온도, 화염높이 및 외부에서 화염으로의 공기유입속도 등을 측정하였으며 연소시 화염의 거동은 비디오카메라를 이용하여 촬영하였다. 실험을 통해서 화점의 높이가 증가할수록 외부에서 화염으로 유입되는 차가운 공기의 유입량이 증가하여 풀 화재의 연소특성이 감소함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

We focus on the weapon target assignment and fire scheduling problem (WTAFSP) with the objective of minimizing the makespan, i.e., the latest completion time of a given set of firing operations. In this study, we assume that there are m available weapons to fire at n targets (> m). The artillery attack operation consists of two steps of sequential procedure : assignment of weapons to the targets; and scheduling firing operations against the targets that are assigned to each weapon. This problem is a combination of weapon target assignment problem (WTAP) and fire scheduling problem (FSP). To solve this problem, we define the problem with a mixed integer programming model. Then, we develop exact algorithms based on a dynamic programming technique. Also, we suggest how to find lower bounds and upper bounds to a given problem. To evaluate the performance of developed exact algorithms, computational experiments are performed on randomly generated problems. From the results, we can see suggested exact algorithm solves problems of a medium size within a reasonable amount of computation time. Also, the results show that the computation time required for suggested exact algorithm can be seen to increase rapidly as the problem size grows. We report the result with analysis and give directions for future research for this study. This study is meaningful in that it suggests an exact algorithm for a more realistic problem than existing researches. Also, this study can provide a basis for developing algorithms that can solve larger size problems.