• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2021

Recently, the fire safety of road tunnels has been important issues in South Korea. However, proper fire safety regulations has not made for road tunnels. Due to geographical challenges in South Korea, road tunnels should be constructed to secure stable traffic flows. In the Guidelines for Installing and Managing Disaster Prevention Facilities of Road Tunnels (NFSC 603), main target vehicles are passenger cars. This guidelines cannot support big fires from larger vehicles such as cargo, oil trucks. In this study, fire safety for a road tunnel in port area was analyzed with fire dynamics theory under cargo truck fire scenario. Sujunsan road tunnel in Busan city was chosen as a target tunnel, which links between Busan port and highways to increase cargo shipping. The results show the limitations of present guidelines (NFSC 603) for road tunnel from large fire situations.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.616-622
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• 2000

This paper concerns the application of smoke and fire spread to road tunnel fire problems. When a road tunnel is on fire. a fire protection system of road tunnel have to offer an adequate escape space to human. Therefore, this study carried out a simulation for predicting a spreading path of smoke and fire. The evolution of the flow field is simulated with the low Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm based on the finite volume method.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2009

건축물 화재로 인하여 매년 수많은 인명과 재산 그리고 환경적 피해가 발생되고 있으며, 이의 최소화를 위하여 각 국가별로 분야별 화재안전 전략을 개발하고 있다. 건축물 화재안전의 글로벌적 전략 개발은 국제표준화기구(ISO)를 중심으로 이루어지고 있으며, 본 논문에서는 국제표준화기구에서 이루어지고 있는 화재안전 전략의 현황과 기술개발 동향 및 국내의 대응방안 분석 등을 통하여 국내의 건축물 내화성능평가 표준화 로드맵을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The occurrence of unexpected disasters, including fire events, increases as the road network becomes complicated and traffic volume increases. When a fire event occurs on and under bridges, the damage extensively influences direct damage to structures, vehicles, and human life and secondary socioeconomic issues owing to traffic blockage. This study investigated potential fire-hazard risks on bridges of the Korean national route road. METHODS : The investigation was conducted using field investigation and analysis with satellite pictures and road views from commercial websites and the Bridge Management System (BMS). From the filed investigation, various potential fire resources were identified. The satellite pictures and road views were helpful in measuring and recognizing conditions underneath bridges, stowage areas, etc. RESULTS : There are various potential fire resources underneath bridges such as piled agricultural products, parked petroleum tanks, construction equipment, and attached high-voltage cables. A total of 94.6% of bridges have underneath clearances of less than 15 m. A bridge underneath volume that can stow a potential fire hazard resource was $7,332m^3$ on average, and most bridges have about $4,000m^3$ of space. Based on the BMS data, the amounts of PSC and steel girders were 29% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the amount of stowed potential fire hazard resources was proportional to the underneath space of bridges. Most bridges have less than 15 m of vertical clearance that can be considered as a critical value for a bridge fire. The fire risk investigation results should be helpful for developing bridge fire-protection tools.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.218-221
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• 2008

The real scale fire suppression test inside a road tunnel were carried out for water spray systems. The dimension of the tunnel is 7.5m in height and 11.6m in width. 3 different water spray nozzle systems with low operating pressure less than 3.5 bar were used in the experiment. Two types of fires were tested. One is a $1.4m^2$ heptane pool fire and the other is a 2000CC passenger car fire. From the experiment, the spray densities of tested systems were about $6.0\;l/min/m^2$ which is currunt domestic guideline. Although all the systems cannot extinguish the tested fires, it was found that they can reduce the tunnel temperature and have a capability to control and suppress the tested fire.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2014

Ventilation and fire safety design in road tunnels are one of the most complex issues that need to be carefully considered and analysed in the designing stage of any potential upgrade of ventilation and other fire safety systems in tunnels. Placement road tunnels space has an important influence on fire safety, especially when considering the effect of adverse wind conditions that significantly influence ventilation characteristics. The appropriate analysis of fire and smoke control is almost impossible without the use of modern simulation tools (e.g., CFD) due to a large number of influential parameters and consequently extensive data. The impact of the strong wind is briefly presented in this paper in the case of a longitudinally ventilated road tunnel Kastelec, which is exposed to various severe wind conditions that significantly influence its fire safety. The possibility of using CFD simulations in the analysis of the tunnel placement in space terms negative effect of wind influence on the tunnel ventilation is clearly indicated.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권5A호
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• pp.551-555
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• 2009

본 연구는 도로터널 내 화재시 콘크리트 구조체의 내화성능을 평가하기 위한 기준을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 현재 국내에서는 지형특성 및 환경친화적인 도로건설로 도로 터널의 수가 빠른 속도로 증가하며, 터널연장이 길어짐에 따라 터널 내 화재사고가 갈수록 높아지고 있는 상황이다. 하지만 우리나라에서는 터널 화재에 대한 적합한 시간-온도 곡선을 규정하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 도로의 통행량, 차량 종류등을 고려한 열방출율을 기초로 외국에서 제시된 시간-온도 곡선을 검토해 보았으며 적합한 설계화재 모델을 적용하였다. 또한 적용된 도로터널의 설계화재모델에 따른 수치해석을 통하여 터널 구조체의 화재시 성능을 검토하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2017

터널화재는 국제적인 관심사이며, 매년 중대 터널화재는 발생하고 있다. 교통밀도가 증가하면서 장대터널은 물론, 더 많은 수의 터널이 건설되고 있어서, 앞으로 터널화재의 잠재위험성이 더 나빠질 수 있으므로 더욱더 심각한 문제이다. 도로터널 화재발생시 소방대원이 효과적인 소방활동 전략을 수립하도록 하는 것이 본 연구의 궁극적 목적이다. 과거 화재 사례로부터 어떠한 사고가 발생하였고, 어떠한 소방활동이 행해졌는지 알아보기 위하여 국내외 73건의 터널화재사고사례를 조사하여 4가지 사고유형으로 분류하였다. 소방활동의 전략수립을 위해 개입시간과 열방출율의 관계로 6가지 화재시나리오 곡선을 도출하였다. 이것은 두 가지 기준 즉, 반응한계와 최대 도착시간에 따라 소방활동의 전략을 수비적, 공격적 전략 중 선택할 수 있도록 하였다. 도로터널 분류 모델은 각 소방기관이 관할 터널의 화재 위험 정도를 화재 진압의 관점에서 평가하고 예방조치를 수립하는데 사용될 수 있다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

Because recently(July 14, 2011) fire occurred in the engine room of a moving taxi under Namsan Tunnel 1, 51 vehicles' driver and more than 250 passengers in the road tunnel were urgently evacuated with abandoned vehicles. Vehicle fires in Namsan Tunnel that day, Sufferers struggled to escape quickly difficult to escape the two-way by abandoned vehicles on the road and to fear many casualties by using vehicle fuel and combustible interior and the driver who is ignorant of vehicle accident continuous entered in the road tunnel had accessibility the site of fire department was more difficult. In this study, It is to investigate structure and basic materials, such as fire extinguish equipment and facilities for damage prevention and to analyze the problems and to plan improvement method of fire extinguish equipment, facilities for damage prevention and transportation facilities(Large traffic signs, Breaker, etc.) on the Namsan Tunnel that in the long-term plan is prepared to strengthen for accessibility of the site of fire department in case of Vehicle's fire.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2010

In this study, tank truck incidents of road transport of hazardous materials to experimental investigated the potential fire hazard. Real scale fire was to perform experiments for on this qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. Particularly affected by radiant heat from the flames caused and damage estimates range investigated accordingly. Flame temperature, internal temperature of tank and emitted radiation from the flames was investigated. The flame of light oil spill caused a fire at a temperature of about $300^{\circ}C$ high in comparison with the methanol by combustion of diesel and methanol, according to the difference, the flame duration changes varies depending on the Burning rate, amount of radiant heat flux from light oil fire was 4 times increases compared with fire of methanol. Depending on spill locations(kinds of road surfaces, absorbing rate) and the longer the duration of the flame important factors for the internal temperature of tank truck rise was found. Dirt roads than paved road accident in a fire caused by leakage of hazardous was could the higher the damaged. Therefor, Fire suppression activities should be required in particular to be around.