• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2005

This is a comparative study where we compare simulation results with model examining the time and direction the fire spreads when it breaks out. Also there is vertical distribution of temperature in carriage where the fire spreads out. This study is about demonstrating how to establish smokeless system in urban vehicle, about its necessity, and about vehicle system restructuring, This study also makes an effort to find more advanced method for efficient fire safety in trains, In existing vehicles, in case of fire, the smoke can't go out when doors are closed and hence it spreads in whole train. Even though the method of using ventilation or exhaust established inside the carriage to throw smoke out is much better than the way of opening end doors in each carriage, this study is trying to do research on second way. Through simulation we see that in second case, even though not as good as the first one, smoke can exit through gates. Even though the first method is better, the second can also be uses to let fire out. We can know that in the first case as the smoke can exit out faster, it provides more safety for people. So this system provides better fire safety condition.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2017

This study compared evacuation effectiveness between the conventional school auditorium plan and a suggested hypothetical plan that was generated by a mathematical model, which is commonly applied in the field of industrial engineering. Recent school buildings became much more complicated in floor planning due to new social needs and modern curriculum than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to floor composition in terms of fire emergency evacuation planning, still has no relation to optimized effective but relies more on an conventional school planning. Therefore, since school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events than any other building types, emergency exit effectiveness based on spatial composition has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type(node) per floor and the minimum physical distance between spatial types(arc), can propose the most optimized spatial layout per floor regarding emergency evacuation event. Consequently, this study evaluated school's fire exit effectiveness focusing on auditorium area with the scientific tool and suggested the most reliable spatial layout regarding possibile emergency evacuation event.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2016

This study compared evacuation effectiveness between the conventional school floor plan and a suggested hypothetical floor plan that was generated by a mathematical model that is commonly applied in the field of industrial engineering. Recent school buildings became much more complicated in floor planning due to the new educational system and modern curriculum than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to floor composition in terms of fire emergency evacuation planning, still has no relation to optimized effective but relies more on a conventional school planning. Therefore, since elementary school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events than middle school or high-school, emergency exit effectiveness based on spatial composition has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type (node) per floor and the minimum physical distance between spatial types (arc), can propose the most optimized spatial compositing per floor regarding emergency evacuation event. Consequently, this study evaluated elementary school's fire exit effectiveness with the scientific tool and suggested the most reliable spatial composition per floor regarding possibile emergency evacuation event.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2018

화재조사 결과를 토대로 고양종합터미널 건물 화재 시 소방시설 작동 실태를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 천장 우레탄폼에 불이 붙은 직후에 옥내소화전을 이용하여 진화할 수 있음에도 시도하지 않았다. 둘째, 지하1층 대수선공사 공간은 스프링클러 알람밸브를 잠가놓아 작동하지 않았지만, 지하2층과 지상1층, 지상2층, 지상3층은 스프링클러가 작동하여 지하1층 대수선공사 공간 이외의 층으로의 화재확산을 저지하였다. 셋째, 피난유도등은 정상 작동하였지만, 터미널 2층 대합실에서 승차장 쪽으로 통하는 출구(비상구)에 피난구유도등이 설치되어 있지 않아 터미널 2층에서 다수의 사상자가 발생하게 하는데 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 화재수신기에서 제연설비 배기 팬 제어반에 전기신호를 보냈지만 배기 팬의 제어반에서 수동으로 취급하여 터미널 2층 제연설비 배기 팬이 작동하지 않았다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2005

As multiplex theaters are increasing rapidly in number, concerns over the evacuation process in case of fire emergency are also increasing. The study investigates the users' awareness and recognition of evacuation route by the method of questionnaire, and analyzes the users' behavior in choosing the route by the simulation program called Simulex. Among others, findings indicate a vast majority of the users are unaware of the proper route in the emergency, yet anticipate to evacuate by it, instead of the entry/exit route that they are familiar with. This aspect, however, can be useful to provide the proper route of evacuation for the users, if an appropriate information is given that the entry/exit route is also used as an emergency egress. The simulation shows heavy congestion at the closer evacuation route from the exit, and distinctly less traffic at the farther means of egress. Based on this natural phenomenon, it is suggested that the emergency stair should be nearby and aligned with the exit from auditorium. Although the present building regulation only requires a minimum dimension at each route, there is a need to widen the passageway that is likely to be recognized easily and subsequently overcrowded in case of fire emergency.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2008

The optical characteristcs and visibility of emergence esit signs made with phosphorescent materials have been studied and compared with conventional signs. The phosphorescence of the materials meets standards as defineds by JIS, and achieved a level of brightness recognizable by the human eye. The visibility in the dard of the signs using the phosphorescent materials was shown to be higher than that of currently employed materials. It was confirmed that phosphorescent materials show excellent promise to improve the visibility of emergency exit signs.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2002

In this study, reduced-scale experiments were conducted to analyze smoke movement in tunnel fire with roof vent. The 1/20 scale experiments were carried out under the Froude scaling using gasoline pool fire ranging from 7.3 to 15.4 cm in diameter with total heat release rate from 1.0 to 8.46kw. In case of 1 m high vent, smoke front reached to the tunnel exit at about 16 sec delayed with ventilation. The delay time grew longer with the vent height. The temperature after the vent was lower than that without the vent. The exit temperature declined maximum of $20^{\circ}C$ after passing the vent. It was confirmed that the thickness of smoke layer was maintained uniformly under the 25% height of the tunnel through the visualized smoke now by a laser sheet and the digital camcorder.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.711-721
• /
• 2005

In order to design of emergency ventilation systems, the smoke movements in tunnel fire with natural and forced ventilation were investigated. Reduced-scale experiments were carried out under the Froude scaling with novel fire source consisting many wicks. Temperature profiles were measured under the ceiling and vertical direction along the center of the tunnel and poisonous gases were measured at emergency exit point in the natural ventilation case. In forced ventilation, temperature profiles were measured with various flow rate to obtain critical velocity. The results showed that the interval of emergency exit having 225m was estimated reasonably through the measurements of temperature variation and poisonous gas in the natural ventilation. In the case of forced ventilation, the temperature distribution near fire source is remarkably different from that of natural ventilation. Also, the critical velocity to prevent upstream smoke flow has the range of 0.57m/s between 0.64m/s. Finally, it was also identified that although the increase of flow rate can suppress the backward flow of smoke to upstream direction, brings about the increase of flame intensity near stoichiometric fuel/air ratio.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2004

도로터널내 화재가 발생한 경우 자연환기와 종류식 환기시스템에서의 연기유동에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. Froude Scaling에 기초한 1/18 축적의 축소모형실험장치가 제작되었으며, 화원으로는 연료심지를 이용한 14.55kW 규모의 연소기가 사용되었다. 화원으로부터 등비간격으로 터널천정부근과 수직방향의 온도분포가 측정되었으며, 연소가스의 농도가 피난대피구 입구에서 측정되었다. 연구결과로서 자연환기시스템에서 비상대피구가 225m 간격으로 설치되어 있을 경우 비상대피구 구간의 연기확산시간은 256초가 되며, 20MW의 화재강도에 대해 화염역류를 완전히 방지하기 위해서는 터널풍속을 2.8m/s로 형성해 주어야 한다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2006

현대 건축구조물의 다양화 등으로 화재 시 유독가스와 매연의 심각성과 공간적인 특수성으로 인하여 대형 참사로의 발전 위험성은 더욱 크다. 인명피해와 직접적으로 연결되는 피난 및 탈출에 있어서 조속한 대책 마련이 시급한 실정에 있다. 기존의 고정식 단방향 피난유도등은 효율적인 인명 대피 및 구조가 이루어지지 못하기 때문에 화재 발생 시 빠른 피난 및 이동이 가능하도록 화재감지기와 연동하여 위기에 처한 피난자들를 탈출시키고 또한 중앙통제시스템 내에서도 모든 통제가 가능하게 쌍방향 무선데이터 시스템으로 함으로 피난의 효율성 제고와 안전한 피난을 확보할 수 있다.