• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

Fire simulation has been developed for decades to analyze fire cases and provide a tool to study fundamental fire dynamics and combustion. There are three way of fire simulation which are a full scale simulation, an experimental simulation and a computational simulation. In case of a full scale simulation, because a higher cost, a higher risk, more efforts are needed, a demand for it has been decreased. But recently a demand for an experimental simulation and a computational simulation has been increased. A computational simulation has several advantages; lower cost, short period, many case studies, more visual results, a quantitative result and etc. FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator) which has been developed in BFRL(Building and Fire Research Laboratory), NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) is a popular world wide code for fire simulation. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by the informed judgment of the qualified user.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

In the present study, a forest fire spread was simulated with a three-dimensional, fully-transient, physics-based, computer simulation program. Physics-based fire simulation is based on the governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion and heat transfer. The focus of the present study is to perform parametric study to simulate fire spread through flat and inclined wildland with vegetative fuels like trees or grass. The fire simulation was performed in the range of the wind speeds and degrees of inclination. From the results, the effect of the various parameters of the forest fire on the fire spread behavior was analyzed for the future use of the simulation in the prediction of fire behavior in the complex terrain.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1617-1624
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• 2013

논문에서는 방화셔터와 피난계단이 존재하는 실내 환경의 화재 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 방화셔터와 화재 확산 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 화재 시뮬레이션용 상용 소프트웨어인 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)를 사용하여 가상으로 설정한 실내 로비에서 화재 규모와 방화셔터의 개폐 여부를 변화시켜 가면서 모의실험을 실시하였다. 실험을 통해 화재실 벽면과 계단 입구의 온도 변화, 이산화탄소 농도 변화, 연기의 확산 등의 변수들을 구하고 결과를 검토하였다. 피난계단에서 온도와 이산화탄소의 분포는 화재규모와 개구부의 개폐 여부와 별 상관이 없으나, 방화셔터의 부분 하강이 연기의 확산을 막고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2009

화재 시뮬레이션용 전산유체역학 모델인 Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)을 이용한 수직벽 화재 시뮬레이션의 정확성을 확인하기 위해 FDS를 프로필렌 수직벽 화재에 적용하였다. 단위면적당 연소율 $7.0{\sim}29.29g/m^2-s$의 범위에서 버너중심에서의 경계층 내 온도분포를 실험결과와 비교하였다. 또 수직벽면 위 수직중심선을 따라 계산한 열유속(heat flux) 분포도 실험과 비교하였다. 경계층 내 온도분포는 비교적 잘 예측됨을 확인하였다. 그러나 벽면근처의 최고온도는 측정치보다 낮았고, 수직벽면의 열유속은 지나치게 높게 나타났다. 이에 따라 수직벽 화재의 시뮬레이션에 있어서 FDS를 개선할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2017

Background: As one of the most frequently occurring accidents in a chemical plant, a fire accident may occur at any place where transfer or handling of combustible materials is routinely performed. Methods: In particular, a jet fire incident in a chemical plant operated under high pressure may bring severe damage. To review this event numerically, Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology was used to simulate a jet fire at a pipe of a compressor under high pressure. Results: For jet fire simulation, the Kemeleon FireEx Code was used, and results of this simulation showed that a structure and installations located within the shelter of a compressor received serious damage. Conclusion: The results confirmed that a jet fire may create a domino effect that could cause an accident aside from the secondary chemical accident.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

The current status of Performance-Based Design (PBD) implemented in 4 wide areas (Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon and Busan) over the past 5 years was reviewed with regard to the number of PBD implementation and target buildings. Then, detailed status related to fire scenarios, input information for fire simulation, and grid size were analyzed with the pre-review for the PBD. As a result, the domestic PBD was mainly applied to the mixed occupancy. In the fire simulations performed on the identical fire scenario and fire space, the maximum heat release rate (HRR) varied significantly depending on the PBD designer. Various combustibles were also considered for the identical fire source, and their combustion properties also showed considerable uncertainty. In addition, the applicability of accurate input information for predictive models of heat and smoke detectors was examined. Finally, the average grid size for the fire simulation using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was analyzed, and the improvement of PBD to minimize designer dependency was proposed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.585-593
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• 2011

Actual fire test under a laboratory and fire simulation by using computer are considered into main methodology in order to estimate and predict fire size of railway train. Even if practical fire size could be obtained from the full-model railway car test such as a large scale cone-calorimeter test, it is not always possible and realistic due to that expensive cost and attendant dangers could in no way be negligible. In this point of view, fire simulation analysis method based on the computational fluid dynamics could be proposed as an alternative and it seems to be also efficient and reasonable. However, simulation results have to be verified and validated in accordance with the proper procedure including comparing analysis with the actual fire test. In this paper, fire load and growth aspect was investigated through the room corner test (ISO 9705) for the mock-up model of the actual railway car. Then, it was compared with the output data derived from the simulation by using Pyrolysis Model of the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator, by NIST) for the exact same domain and condition corresponding with pre-performed room-corner test. This preliminary verified and validated fire modeling method could enhance the reliability of output data derived from the fire simulation under the similar domain and condition.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 화재 예측모델로 널리 사용되는 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulation) ver. 4.07을 여객열차 화재예측에 적용하기 위하여 민감도 분석(Sensitivity analysis)을 수행하는 것이다. 주요 분석 변수(Parameter)는 격자 크기(Grid size)와 Solid angle number이다. 분석결과, 격자크기의 변화는 온도(Plume temperature 상부층 온도(Upper layer temperature), 연기층 높이(Layer height)결과 값에 약$10{\sim}20%$의 차이를 갖게 하는 주요 민감도 변수이며 Solid angle number는 민감도에 영향을 크게 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 0.05m의 Grid size가 0.1m보다 결과 해상도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.129-149
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to formulate a general 3D material-structural analysis framework for the thermomechanical behavior of steel-concrete structures in a fire environment. The proposed analysis framework consists of three sequential modeling parts: fire dynamics simulation, heat transfer analysis, and a thermomechanical stress analysis of the structure. The first modeling part consists of applying the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) where coupled CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with thermodynamics are combined to realistically model the fire progression within the steel-concrete structure. The goal is to generate the spatial-temporal (ST) solution variables (temperature, heat flux) on the surfaces of the structure. The FDS-ST solutions are generated in a discrete form. Continuous FDS-ST approximations are then developed to represent the temperature or heat-flux at any given time or point within the structure. An extensive numerical study is carried out to examine the best ST approximation functions that strike a balance between accuracy and simplicity. The second modeling part consists of a finite-element (FE) transient heat analysis of the structure using the continuous FDS-ST surface variables as prescribed thermal boundary conditions. The third modeling part is a thermomechanical FE structural analysis using both nonlinear material and geometry. The temperature history from the second modeling part is used at all nodal points. The ABAQUS (2003) FE code is used with external user subroutines for the second and third simulation parts in order to describe the specific heat temperature nonlinear dependency that drastically affects the transient thermal solution especially for concrete materials. User subroutines are also developed to apply the continuous FDS-ST surface nodal boundary conditions in the transient heat FE analysis. The proposed modeling framework is applied to predict the temperature and deflection of the well-documented third Cardington fire test.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.156-160
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• 2011

As building becomes larger, taller and more complex due to industrialization and urbanization, it tends to be vulnerable to fire and establishment of effective measures for fire safety is demanded. Especially the fact that the smoke hinders evacuation and fire-fighting activities as well as becomes the major cause of life casualty emphasizes the importance of smoke control system. To design and operate the smoke control system success folly, it is necessary to analyze and predict precisely the thermoflow induced by fire in building. The unsteady three-dimensional analysis of thermoflow induced by fire with diverse variables such as building structure, fire conditions and smoke control facilities can be effectively carried out with numerical method In this study, using the FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulation) program that spreads widely as the analysis tool for thermoflow of fire, the analysis of thermoflow in partition of building induced by fire and comparison with the experimental results for assessment of numerical analysis are presented.