• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2021

Subsea pipelines are widely used to transport hydrocarbons from ultra-deep seawater to facilities on the coast. A sandwich pipe is a pipe-in-pipe system in which the annulus between the two concentric steel pipes is filled with polymer cores and fillers for insulation and structural reinforcement. Sandwich pipeline is always exposed to complex loading such as bending moment, bulking, internal and external pressures caused by installation, operation and environmental factors. This research provides insights into the structural integrity of sandwich pipeline exposed to complex loading conditions using a linear matching method (LMM). The finite element model of the sandwich pipeline has been generated from previous research, and the model validation is performed by comparing the results of the linear analysis between the two models. The temperature dependent material properties are used to simulate the behavior of real pipeline, and the elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) model has been taken into account for the material non-linearity. Numerical results provide comprehensive insights into the structural response of the sandwich pipeline under monotonic and cyclic loading and provide notable points about the evaluation of the plastic collapse limit and the elastic shakedown limit of the sandwich pipeline.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권6호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2023

A novel laminated-hybrid-composite-beam (LHCB) of glass-epoxy infused with flyash and graphene is constructed for this study. The conventional mixture-rule and constitutive-relationship are modified to incorporate filler and lamina orientation. Eringen's non-local-theory is used to include the filler effect. Hamilton's principle based on fifth-order-layer-wise-shear-deformation-theory is applied to formulate the equation of motion. The analogous shear-spring-models for LHCB with multiple-cracks are employed in finite-element-analysis (FEA). Modal-experimentations are conducted (B&K-analyser) and the findings are compared with theoretical and FEA results. In terms of dimensionless relative-natural-frequencies (RNF), the dynamic-response in cantilevered support is investigated for various relative-crack-severities (RCSs) and relative-crack-positions (RCPs). The increase of RCS increases local-flexibility in LHCB thus reductions in RNFs are observed. RCP is found to play an important role, cracks present near the end-support cause an abrupt drop in RNFs. Further, multiple cracks are observed to enhance the nonlinearity of LHCB strength. Introduction of the first to third crack in an intact LHCB results drop of RNFs by 8%, 10%, and 11.5% correspondingly. Also, it is demonstrated that the RNF varies because of the lamina-orientation, and filler addition. For 0° lamina-orientation the RNF is maximum. Similarly, it is studied that the addition of graphene reduces weight and increases the stiffness of LHCB in contrast to the addition of flyash. Additionally, the response of LHCB to moving mass is accessed by appropriately modifying the numerical programs, and it is noted that the successive introduction of the first to ninth crack results in an approximately 40% to 120% increase in the dynamic-amplitude-ratio.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.261-276
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• 2023

The use of the ordinary double nut (i.e., ODN) composed of a master nut (i.e., M-nut) and a slave nut (i.e., S-nut) is a highly efficient method to prevent bolts loosening. A novel double nut (i.e., FODN) composed of a master nut (i.e., M-nut) and flat slave nut (i.e., FS-nut) is proposed to save raw materials. The bolt fastening tests with single nut, ODN and FODN are performed to investigate the preload and counterbalance forces. Corresponding finite element analysis (FEA) models are established and validated by comparing the preload with the experimental results. The load-bearing capacity, the extrusion effect, and the contact stress of each engaged thread for ODN and FODN are observed by FEA. The experimental and simulated results revealed that the bolt fastening with double-nut has different load-transferring mechanisms from single-nut. Nevertheless, for double-nut/bolt assemblies, the FS-nut can provide load transfer that is like that of the S-nut, and the FODN is a reasonable and reliable fastening method. Furthermore, based on the theory of Yamamoto, a formula considering the extrusion effect is proposed to calculate the preload distribution of the double-nut, which is applicable to varying thicknesses of slave-nuts in double-nut/bolt assemblies.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2006

텐서(tensor) 이론에 기초한 기존의 구성방정식 모델은 암석(rock)과 같은 준취성 재료에서 나타나는 복잡한 변형열화(strain softening) 과정을 기술하기가 어려우며, 특히 구속압에 따른 변형열화 과정의 변화를 잘 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 화강암의 3차원 거동을 예측 분석할 수 있는 구성방정식을 마이크로플레인 모델을 이용하여 개발하였다. 화강암에 대한 마이크로플레인 모델은 Westerly 화강암과 Bonnet 화강암의 일축압축 및 삼축압축 시험 데이터와 최적을 이루도록 개발되었다. 개발된 마이크로플레인 모델은 화강암의 일축 및 삼축거동을 잘 예측하였다. 그리고 개발된 화강암의 마이크로플레인 모델을 유한요소법에 적용하여 암석지반 굴착시의 발파 모사를 통해 화강암의 비선형 거동 및 발파시의 파쇄 영역을 해석하였다. 또한 마이크로플레인 모델을 이용한 비선형 해석결과와 탄성해석 결과를 비교 분석한 결과 화강암의 거동은 비선형에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2008

포장재료의 역학적 특성을 대표하는 회복탄성계수는 '86 AASHTO 설계법에서 노상의 기본입력 물성치로 적용한 이후 포장 설계, 해석뿐 아니라 포장 평가, 유지관리 등에도 보편적 개념으로 정착되어 가고 있다. 국내 노상토의 회복탄성계수는 함수비와 건조단위중량으로 대표되는 재료적 요인과 축차응력 및 구속응력에 대단히 큰 영향을 받고 있고, 하중주파수의 영향은 있으나 그 정도가 크지 않고, 하중반복횟수의 영향은 무시 가능한 것으로 알려져 있다(건설교통부 2003). 따라서 국내 포장재료에 따른 회복탄성계수의 적절한 평가는 국내 포장구조체의 역학거동 및 공용성 평가를 위해 매우 중요한 사항이다. 이와 같은 배경으로 본 연구에서는 국내 노상토 재료의 역학적 특성 변화를 포장 단면설계에 합리적으로 반영하기 위한 노상토 해석모델을 제안하였고, 제안된 모델을 적용한 유한요소해석 결과와 시험도로 실측치와의 비교 검증을 통해 제안된 모델의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

Concrete-filled square stainless steel tubes (CFSSST), which possess relatively large flexural stiffness, high corrosion resistance and require simple joint configurations and low maintenance cost, have a great potential in constructional applications. Despite that the use of stainless steel may result in high initial cost compared to their conventional carbon steel counterparts, the whole-life cost of CFSSST is however considered to be lower, which offers a competitive choice in engineering practice. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental and numerical program on 24 CFSSST stub column specimens, including 3 austenitic and 3 duplex stainless steel square hollow section (SHS) stub columns and 9 austenitic and 9 duplex CFSSST stub columns, has been carried out. Finite element (FE) models were developed to be used in parametric analysis to investigate the influence of the tube thickness and concrete strength on the ultimate capacities more accurately. Comparisons of the experimental and numerical results with the predictions made by design guides ACI 318, ANSI/AISC 360, Eurocode 4 and GB 50936 have been performed. It was found that these design methods generally give conservative predictions to the ultimate capacities of CFSSST stub columns. Improved calculation methods, developed based on the Continuous Strength Method, have been proposed to provide more accurate estimations of the ultimate resistances of CFSSST stub columns. The suitability of these proposals has been validated by comparison with the test results, where a good agreement between the predictions and the test results have been achieved.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.503-515
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• 2022

This paper presents the development of seismic fragility curves for a precast reinforced concrete bridge instrumented with a structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The bridge is located near an active seismic fault in the Dominican Republic (DR) and provides the only access to several local communities in the aftermath of a potential damaging earthquake; moreover, the sample bridge was designed with outdated building codes and uses structural detailing not adequate for structures in seismic regions. The bridge was instrumented with an SHM system to extract information about its state of structural integrity and estimate its seismic performance. The data obtained from the SHM system is integrated with structural models to develop a set of fragility curves to be used as a quantitative measure of the expected damage; the fragility curves provide an estimate of the probability that the structure will exceed different damage limit states as a function of an earthquake intensity measure. To obtain the fragility curves a digital twin of the bridge is developed combining a computational finite element model and the information extracted from the SHM system. The digital twin is used as a response prediction tool that minimizes modeling uncertainty, significantly improving the predicting capability of the model and the accuracy of the fragility curves. The digital twin was used to perform a nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) with selected ground motions that are consistent with the seismic fault and site characteristics. The fragility curves show that for the maximum expected acceleration (with a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years) the structure has a 62% probability of undergoing extensive damage. This is the first study presenting fragility curves for civil infrastructure in the DR and the proposed methodology can be extended to other structures to support disaster mitigation and post-disaster decision-making strategies.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1382-1399
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• 2023

Pressure relief valve (PRV) is one of the important control valves used in nuclear power plants, and its sealing performance is crucial to ensure the safety and function of the entire pressure system. For the sealing performance improving purpose, an explicit function that accounts for all design parameters and can accurately describe the relationship between the multi-design parameters and the seal performance is essential, which is also the challenge of the valve seal design and/or optimization work. On this basis, a surrogate model-based design optimization is carried out in this paper. To obtain the basic data required by the surrogate model, both the Finite Element Model (FEM) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based numerical models were successively established, and thereby both the contact stresses of valve static sealing and dynamic impact (between valve disk and nozzle) could be predicted. With these basic data, the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) surrogate model which can not only be used for inputs-outputs relationship construction, but also produce the sensitivity of different design parameters were developed. Based on the PCE surrogate model, a new design scheme was obtained after optimization, in which the valve sealing stress is increased by 24.42% while keeping the maximum impact stress lower than 90% of the material allowable stress. The result confirms the ability and feasibility of the method proposed in this paper, and should also be suitable for performance design optimizations of control valves with similar structures.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2023

수중 소음 공해는 해양 환경에 막대한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 기포층을 갖는 구조물의 음향 방사 효율을 추정하기 위한 간이 해석법을 제안하였다. 선행 연구 결과를 바탕으로 공기층에 의한 삽입 손실은 감쇠량과 동등하다고 가정하고, 기포층에 의한 삽입 손실은 수치해석 결과의 후처리 기법을 사용하여 계산되었다. 제안된 방법의 검증을 위해 판 구조물에 대한 음향-구조 완전 연성 해석을 수행하였다. 음향-구조 완전 연성 해석은 상용 유한 요소 프로그램 COMSOL Multiphysics를 사용하여 수행되었으며, 기포층의 음향 특성은 Commander 및 Prosperetti 이론을 사용하여 구현하였다. 음향 방사 효율 비교를 통해 간이 해석법과 완전 연성 해석 결과의 경향이 유사함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 기포층을 갖는 쐐기 구조물의 방사 효율 메커니즘을 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2023

In this study, a method has been proposed for the static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of multi-storey buildings, which takes into account the contribution of axial deformations in vertical load-bearing elements, which are especially important in tall and narrow structures. Shear deformations on the shear walls were also taken into account in the study. The presented method takes into account the effects that are not considered in the fishbone and flexural-shear beam models developed in the literature. In the Fishbone model, only frame systems are modeled. In the flexural shear beam model developed for shear wall systems, shear deformations and axial deformations in the walls are neglected. Unlike the literature, with the model proposed in this study, both shear deformations in the walls and axial deformations in the columns and walls are taken into account. In the proposed model, multi-storey building is represented as a sandwich beam consisting of Timoshenko beams pieced together with a double-hinged beam. At each storey, the total moment capacities of the frame beams and the coupled beams in the coupled shear walls are represented as the equivalent shear capacity. On the other hand, The sums of individual columns and walls moment at the relevant floor level are represented as equivalent moment capacity at that floor level. At the end of the study, examples were solved to show the suitability of the proposed method in this study. The SAP2000 program is employed in analyses. In a conclusion, it is observed that among the solved examples, the proposed sandwich beam model gives good results. As can be seen from these results, it is seen that the presented method, especially in terms of base shear force, gives very close results to the detailed finite element method.