• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Use of geotextile as reinforcement material to improve the weak soil is a popular method these days. Tensile strength of geotextile and the soil-geotextile interaction are the major factors which influence the improvement of the soil. Change in fine content within the sand can change the interface behavior between soil and geotextile. In the present paper, the bearing capacity of unreinforced and geotextile-reinforced sand with different percentages of fines has been studied. A series of model tests have been carried out and the load settlement curves are obtained. The ultimate load carrying capacity of unreinforced and reinforced sand with different percentages of fines is compared. The interface behavior of sand and geotextile with various percentages of fines is also studied. It is observed that sand having around 5% of fine is suitable or permissible for bearing capacity improvement due to the application of geosynthetic reinforcement. The effectiveness of the reinforcement in load carrying capacity improvement decreases due to the addition of excessive amount of fines.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

In pulp and papermaking process, enzymatic treatment of pulp fibres has been a topic of increasing interest in last decade. Lots of patents, papers and research reports were published on the application of enzymes in the fields of enzymatic bleaching, deinking, slime control, pitch control, waste water treatment and fibre modification. Cellulase and hemicellulase are the principal enzymes used for the modification of fibre property. This study was carried out for determinating the behaviors of enzyme to pulp fibres. A commercial enzyme, Denimax BT which is consisted with cellulase and hemicellulase, was treated to the kraft pulp produced from domestic hardwood mixtures. Results were mainly concentrated on the behaviors of freeness, drainability and fines content of fibres, and physical properties of paper with enzyme treatment. The freeness levels and dewatering ability were developed, and the fines contents were decreased. The creation of fines were controlled by the method of pre-enzyme treatment prior to fibre beating. The mechanical strength of paper, like tensile, burst, tear strength and folding endurance, were remarkably improved by the pre-enzyme treatment.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.109-114
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• 1999

The deposition kinetics of fines on fibres was studied to elucidate the flocculation mechanism of a PAM/bentonite retention aid. It is shown that polymer-induced co-flocculation is not permanent. This phenomenon is attributed to a stabilising effect of polymer transfer between surfaces. The resulting polymer layers have a reduced bridging ability with naked surfaces. The addition of bentonite increases the bond strength between fibres and fines, and links non-briding layers. These results explain the positive influence of bentonite on fines retention.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

최근 다른 현장시험에 비하여 비교적 정확성이 높은 CPT 기반 액상화 평가법의 사용이 증가하고 있다. CPT 기반 액상화 평가는 다양한 흙의 특성을 예측하고 이를 액상화 평가에 활용할 수 있다. 특히, 세립분 함량은 CPT 기반 액상화 평가에서 중요한 입력 변수 중 하나로 이에 대한 정확한 예측식의 사용 및 예측 변동성을 정량적으로 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 2017년 포항지진 시 액상화 현상이 관측된 지점에서 수행된 CPT 자료를 이용하여 기존 세립분 함량 예측식들의 오차를 분석하고 포항지역에 적합한 세립분 함량 예측식을 선정하였다. 또한, 지반의 고유한 변동성을 분석하고 CPT의 측정오차, 선정된 예측식에 대한 변환 불확실성을 고려한 세립분 함량의 예측 변동성을 정량적으로 평가하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 말뚝에 작용하는 구속압과 지반의 세립분 함유율을 고려한 말뚝 인발실험을 실시하였다. 그리고 실험 결과를 이용하여 말뚝의 인발저항에 미치는 지중 구속압의 영향을 분석하여 인발저항정수를 고찰하였다. 인발실험 결과, 모형지반의 세립분 함유율과 구속압의 크기에 관계없이 약 7mm~9mm의 인발변위에서 최대인발저항력이 발생되었다. 말뚝의 최대인발저항력은 모형지반의 세립분 함유율이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 이러한 경향은 구속압이 클수록 현격하게 나타났다. 말뚝인발실험 결과의 신뢰성을 검토하기 위해 인발저항력을 이론식으로 산정해 실험결과와 비교한 결과, 모든 구속압 조건에서 세립분 함유율 증가에 따라 실험값과 이론값 모두 동일하게 인발저항력이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 인발저항정수에 대한 분석 결과, 말뚝과 지반의 경계에서 발생하는 인발저항력에 있어서 주변 지반의 세립분 함유율이 증가할수록 경계면 마찰각보다 부착력의 영향이 커지는 것을 확인하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2001

초유동콘크리트는 유동성 증진 및 충전성 향상을 위해 단위분체량을 크게하기 때문에 콘크리트의 고강도화와 수화발열량을 증가시키는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 초유동콘크리트의 강도조절과 수화열 저감을 위해 쇄석분을 이용하여 초유동콘크리트의 강도, 유동성, 내구성능 및 건조수축 특성을 검토하였다. 실험결과 쇄석분은 치환율 10% 증가시마다 무치환시의 압축강도를 약 10~15%씩 감소시키며, 변형계수와 물구속비를 감소시켜 초유동콘크리트의 유동성 향상에 효과적이다. 또한 초유동콘크리트에서 쇄석분 10%치환시 마다 단위시멘트량 감소에 따른 최고 단열온도상승량을 약 4$^{\circ}C$씩 감소시켰다. 반면 건조수축량은 10%치환시 마다 약 5%증가시켰다. 한편 초유동콘크리트의 내구성능은 단위분체량과 유동성향상에 따른 조직의 치밀화로 쇄석분 치환에 관계없이 상대동탄성계수 90%이상으로 우수하게 나타났다. 이와 같이 분체로서 쇄석분 사용은 치환량에 따른 초유동콘크리트의 강도조절이 가능하며 수화발열량을 저감시킬 수 있다. ^ x Super flowing concrete causes high strength and the increase of heat of hydration because of the big unit powder content of concrete to increase flowability and to improve compact of concrete. Therefore, this study investigates the characteristic properties of strength, flowability, durability and drying shrinkage to control strength and to reduce heat of hydration of super flowing concrete using crushed stone fines. According to the experimental results, when crushed stone fines are increased every 10%, 10~15% of compressive strength is decreased and flowability of super flowing concrete is effectively improved due to the decrease of modulus of deformation and confined water ratio. When crushed stone fines are replaced every 10%, 4$^{\circ}C$ of the highest adiabatic temperature rise is decreased by reducing the unit cement. However, 5% of drying shrinkage is increased in the same condition. In the meantime, durability of super flowing concrete is excellent, having over 90 % of good relative dynamic modulus of elasticity due to fineness of formation caused by the increase of the unit powder content and the improvement of flowability, without regard to the replacement of crushed stone fines. Therefore, it can be said that the usage of crushed stone fines can control the strength of super flowing concrete by replacement and reduce heat of hydration.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2020

Unconfined compression test (UCT) is widely conducted in laboratories to evaluate the mechanical behavior of frozen soils. However, its results are sensitive to the initial conditions of sample creation by freezing as well as the end-surface conditions during loading of the specimen into the apparatus for testing. This work compared ice samples prepared by three-dimensional and one-dimensional freezing. The latter created more-homogenous ice samples containing fewer entrapped air bubbles or air nuclei, leading to relatively stable UCT results. Three end-surface conditions were compared for UCT on ice specimens made by one-dimensional freezing. Steel disc cap with embedded rubber was found most appropriate for UCT. Three frozen materials (ice, frozen sand, and frozen silt) showed different failure patterns, which were classified as brittle failure and ductile failure. Ice and frozen sand showed strain-softening, while frozen silt showed strain-hardening. Subsequent investigation considered the influence of fines content on the unconfined compression behavior of frozen soil mixtures with fines contents of 0-100%. The mixtures showed a brittle-to-ductile transition of failure patterns at 10%-20% fines content.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the engineering properties of no-fines con- crete, consisting only of coarse aggregate, cement and water. The used coarse aggregates were two, one is natural coarse aggregate grading 4.75~ lOmm, the other is synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate grading 3~8mm. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The W/C ratio of each type was increased with increase of additional amount of coarse aggregate. 2. The unit weight of used ndtural coarse aggregate was shown 1.762~2.184g/cm$^3$, and synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate was shown 0.756 ~ 1 .348g/cm$^3$. 3. The ahsorption rate of used natural coarse aggregate was shown 8.4 ~ 9.4 %, and synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate was shown 17.0~42.4%. 4. The compressive, tensile and hending strength was decreased with increase of coarse aggregate, respectively. The compressive strength of natural coarse aggregate 1:3 was shown 309kg/cm$^2$. 5. The ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic medulus of elasticity of each type was de- creased with increase coarse aggregate, respectively. Also, the decreasing rate of the natural aggregate was larger than that of the synthetic lightweight coarse ag- gregate.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2009

교통사고 발생은 도로 여건이나 운전자 의식 등의 문제로 발생할 수 있으나 운전자 상호간 또는 운전자와 보행자 사이의 지켜야할 사항을 규정하는 교통법규를 위반할 경우 차량 또는 보행자의 교통사고 노출 가능성이 높아져 교통사고로 이어지는 경우도 상당부분 발생한다. 따라서 교통안전 선진국에서는 이러한 메커니즘의 교통법규 준수율을 높이기 위해서 교통법규를 위반하는 운전자들이 경제적으로 부담을 느껴 "교통법규 준수"라는 행동을 선택할 수 있을 정도의 수준으로 교통법규 위반 범칙금을 책정하고 있으며, 경제가 발전 할수록 범칙금 수준도 향상 시키고 있는 실정이다. 반면, 우리나라는 국민 정서 문제를 앞세워 지난 20년간 교통법규 위반 범칙금 수준을 크게 향상시키지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 운전자의 교통법규 준수율을 높일 수 있는 방안에 대하여 경제논리를 적용하여 효율적 교통법규 위반 범칙금 수준을 책정하는 방안을 도출하였다. 속도위반 및 신호위반 등 교통사고와 연관성이 높은 교통법규 사항에 대하여 운전자의 "법규 위반" 또는 "법규 준수"의 행동 선택에 있어서의 기대효용을 수치화 하여 현재 운전자가 기대하는 "교통법규 위반시 단속기대 확률"을 유지할 경우 적정 범칙금 수준과 현재의 범칙금 수준을 유지할 경우 "효율적 단속기대 확률" 등 두 가지의 교통정책 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC Recent Advances in Paper Science and Technology
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• pp.254-258
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• 1999

The distribution of anionic groups in the fibers, the fines, the colloidal fraction and the dissolved fraction, respectively, of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) suspensions was determined and peroxide bleaching of spruce TMP were also studied. Spruce TMP was extracted with hexane, treated with alkali, or bleached with peroxide. Suspensions made at pH 5.5 were fractionated into long fibres, large fines, small fines, a colloidal fraction and a dissolved fraction. The charge of the fractions was determined using polyelectrolyte titration. To determined the origin of the charges, the contents of fatty acids, resin acids and acidic units in hemicelluloses in the different fractions were determined by has chromatography. Extraction of TMP with hexane prior to fractionation increased the measured charge of the fibres. The removal of the wood resin probably uncovered some carboxyl groups on the fibre surfaces, or improved th e penetration of polybrene into the pores of the fibres. The charge of the fines and the colloidal fraction was lower when the wood resin had been removed. Alkaline treatment of the TMP increased the charge of the fibres and fines, mainly because of demethylation of pectins. Alkaline treatment increased the charge also of the dissolved fraction, because of the release the charge also of the dissolved fraction, because of the release of pectic acids into the water phase. Alkaline peroxide bleaching further increased the charge of fibres and the dissolved fraction, most likely because of lignin oxidation. The charge of the colloidal fraction, consisting mainly of wood resin, was only slightly affected by alkaline treatment and peroxide bleaching. The anionic groups in TMP suspensions were mainly free uronic acids in the hemicelluloses. The contribution from the fatty and resin acids was substantial only for the colloidal fraction.