• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 발달지연의 아동을 대상으로 과제지향의 중재를 사용하여 시-운동 협응과 소운동 협응 기능의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 6세의 여아 1명이었다. 아동은 진단은 받지 않았으나 전반적인 기능에 발달지연을 보였다. 연구기간은 2021년 2월 5일부터 6월 4일까지이었고, 연구 설계는 단일대상연구 A-B를 사용하였다. 기초선 A는 초기 3회기로 아동의 기능 파악을 위해 초기평가를 하였다. 중재기 B는 12회기로 과제지향의 중재(task-oriented intervention)를 사용하였다. 기초선과 중재기에 동일하게 아동의 시-운동 협응 기능을 측정하기 위해 한국판 시지각발달검사 3판의 타원그리기를 실시하였고, 소운동 협응 기능을 측정하기 위해 Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills(COMPS)의 손가락-코 짚기를 실시하였다. 회기별 변화도는 그림으로 제시하였다. 결과 : 한국판 시지각발달검사 3판의 타원그리기의 기초선 평균은 23점이었고, 중재기 평균은 39.66점으로 기초선에 비해 중재기의 평균이 16점 이상 향상되었다. COMPS의 손가락-코 짚기의 기초선 평균은 0점이었고, 중재기 평균은 5.08점으로 기초선에 비해 중재기의 평균이 5점 이상 향상되었다. 결론 : 취학 전의 발달지연아동에게 과제지향의 중재는 아동의 학습에 바탕이 되는 시-운동 협응과 소운동 협응 기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated the relationships of handwriting legibility and perceptual-motor skills, and handwriting speed and perceptual-motor skills. And identified the predictors that most affect the handwriting of preschool children. Methods: Twenty-three typically developing preschool aged children (mean age: 68.61 months, SD=2.04) were selected through the Korean-Denver Developmental Screening Test-2(K-DDST-2). The children were tested with regard to handwriting legibility, visual perception, visual-motor integration and fine-motor coordination. Results: First, a significant relationship was not found among handwriting legibility, visual perception, visual-motor integration and fine-motor coordination. Second, a significant relationship was found among handwriting speed, visual perception and fine-motor coordination. Third, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that general visual perception were significant predictors for handwriting speed. Conclusion: Occupational therapists should evaluate children's visual perception levels utilizing a standardized test, and focus on general visual perception in order to improve handwriting skill(speed). Also, occupational therapists are expected to play an important role in the management and treatment of children's handwriting skills.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmacological treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on motor coordination, using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). Methods: The participants were recruited from April 2015 to November 2016 from the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center and were treated for 3 months with methylphenidate or atomoxetine. The illness severity at baseline and 3 months were scored using the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and/or Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I). A total of 39 children with ADHD (age $8.0{\pm}1.4years$, 36 boys) completed the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) and their parents completed the DCDQ at baseline and 3 months. The paired t-test, mixed between-within analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. Results: The CGI-S (p<0.001), ARS (p<0.001), and fine motor/hand writing (p=0.005) on the DCDQ were significantly changed between pre-treatment and post-treatment. When the participants were divided into those who were suspected of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (n=23) and those who probably did not (n=16), the control during movement, fine motor/hand writing and general coordination scores on the DCDQ showed the main effects for group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The fine motor/hand writing on the DCDQ has a significant main effect for time [F(1,37)=7.31, p=0.010, ${\eta}^2=0.405$] and the interaction effect between group and time was also significant [F(1,37)=4.63, p=0.038, ${\eta}^2=0.111$]. The baseline visual commission error on the ATA is significantly correlated with the changes in the DCDQ total scores (r=0.330, p=0.040). Conclusion: Our results provide preliminary evidence that pharmacological treatment for ADHD improves not only the core symptoms of ADHD, but also the motor coordination. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of the pharmacological treatment for ADHD on the motor coordination.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

목적 : 학령전기 아동의 글씨 쓰기 명료도 및 속도와 지각-운동 기술의 상관관계를 확인하고, 글씨 쓰기에 가장 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 덴버 발달 선별 검사를 통하여 정상 발달로 선별된 23명의 학령 전기 아동(평균 연령=68.61개월, SD=2.04)을 대상으로 글씨 쓰기 명료도 및 속도 측정을 위하여 한글 자모 쓰기 검사지를 사용하여 자음과 모음을 쓰도록 하였다. 시지각과 시각-운동 통합 수행 능력 측정을 위하여 시지각 발달 검사를 사용하였고, 소운동 협응 수행 능력 측정을 위하여 Grooved pegboard test를 사용하였다. 결과 : 글씨 쓰기 명료도와 전반적인 시지각, 비운동성 시지각, 시각-운동 통합, 우세손 소동작 협응의 상관관계는 없었으며, 글씨 쓰기의 속도는 전반적 시지각과 우세손 소동작 협응 항목에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 회귀 분석 결과 글씨 쓰기 속도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 전반적 시지각 항목이었다. 결론 : 만 5~6세 학령 전기 아동의 전반적 시지각 능력의 발달을 향상시키기 위한 중재를 제공하는 것이 글씨 쓰기의 속도 능력을 향상 시킬 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1998

Thumb adduction is an abnormal pattern typically noted in children with spastic cerebral palsy. This abnormal pattern can limit hand function, specifically in the type and quality of prehension pattern used and in the coordination of release. This ABAB single-subject research was designed to examine the effects of short thumb opponens splint on hand function in cerebral palsy. The subject was a 4 years and 8 months old boy with right upper extremity spasticity. The child was fitted with a short thumb opponens splint, which was worn for 8 hours per day during the daytime. Two different measures were used: (a) prehension component scores; (b) Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Data was collected three times a week for 10 weeks. Visual analysis of data indicate that after the application of a short thumb opponens splint, improvements were noted in the prehension pattern and fine motor functional task. The results of this study suggest that short thumb opponens splint may prove efficaciousness in the treatment of the child with cerebral palsy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

Dexterity is defined in the present study as interdigital manipulative skill or the fine manipulative movements of objects held between the thumb and fingers. The Grooved pegboard test has been used to evaluate dexterity requring visual-motor coordination. The purpose of this study was to standardize the completion time of the Grooved pegboard test in different age groups and gender. Normative values for the Grooved Pegboard Test was developed on the sample of 282 healthy volunteers (89 men and 183 women). Subjects were stratified according to gender and dominant hand and were subdivided into six groups by blocking. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference in completion time between dominant and nondominant hand in both men and women groups (p<.05). 2) There were significant differences in completion time between men and women group (p<.05) 3) There were significant differences in completion time among age groups (p<.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Purpose: Driving is essential to maintain independent living status in modern times. Many patients want to know when they can drive again, but it's only possible if they have the ability to control lower extremity muscles. In this study, we compared the effects of velocity on onset time of lower extremity muscles during driving tasks. Methods: Twelve participants (5 male, 7 female) were enrolled. EMGs were used to test the onset time of lower extremity muscles; tibialis anterior, soleus, rectus femoris. To analyze the data, we used two way ANOVA. Results: According to brake pedaling velocity, there was a significant difference in brake response time (p<0.05). Further, when comparing the lower extremity muscles, there was a significant difference in onset time (p<0.05). The order of muscle recruitment was tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and soleus for achieving maximal velocity, but the order was rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus for achieving submaximal velocity. Conclusion: Brake pedaling velocity has significant effects on onset time of muscle contractions in the lower extremities. We suggested that a future study needs more subjects and more detailed research such as evaluat-ions of visuo-motor coordination and fine motor dexterity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

We investigated the nutritional state of B vitamins and the neuropsychological functions in 25 subjects, aged $63.1{\pm}6.3$ years, residing in rural areas of Korea. Nutritional states of thiamin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine were assessed enzymatically in the erythrocytes, and folate concentrations were measured microbiologically in the plasma and erythrocytes. A battery of composite neuropsychological test was administered to the subjects. Plasma folate was correlated with the total intelligence score (p=0.049). Folate levels in the erythrocytes were correlated with the performance intelligence scores such as block design (p=0.017) and picture arrangement (p=0.016). The red cell folate was correlated with memory scores such as general memory (p=0.009) and delayed recall (p=0.000). Although it did not reach statistical significance, verbal memory (p=0.053) was highly correlated with the red cell folate. The red cell folate was also correlated positively with the percent of conceptual level response number score (p=0.029), and negatively with the grooved pegboard test score for the non-dominant hand (p=0.010). Fine motor coordination was also influenced by folate nutrition, as finger tapping scores in both hands were significantly correlated with red cell folate (dominant hand; p=0.026, non-dominant hand; p=0.004). Other B vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin $B_6$ were not as strongly correlated with neuropsychological function test scores as folate was. These results suggest that folate nutrition influences neuropsychological function test scores significantly in humans. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between folate or other vitamin B nutrition and neuropsychological functions and the implications thereof.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-103
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• 2022

본 연구는 중추신경계 손상 환자의 우쿨렐레 활용 치료적 악기연주(Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance, TIMP) 중재 참여에 따른 손 기능 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 중추신경계 손상으로 인해 손 기능 장애를 동반하는 성인 3명이며, 약 6주간 주 2회 30분씩 총 12회기 중재에 참여하였다. 우쿨렐레 중재는 손가락 동시 움직임, 손가락 협응 움직임, 손가락 개별 움직임 총 3가지 유형의 연주패턴을 기반으로 구성되었으며, 대상자의 손 기능 수준별 개별화된 중재 적용을 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 검사도구 'Box and Block Test (BBT)', '9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT)', 'Jebsen and Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT)'를 활용하여 대상자들의 사전 및 사후 손 기능을 측정하였으며, 사후 개별 인터뷰를 통해 중재 참여경험을 살펴보았다. 결과에 따르면 대상자 모두 사후검사에서 BBT 수행점수가 향상되었으며, 9-HPT 수행시간과 JTHFT 지표 중 '글씨쓰기'와 '카드 뒤집기' 영역의 수행시간이 단축되는 결과를 나타냈다. 또한, 개별 인터뷰 내용에 따르면 손의 기능적 움직임을 위해 악기를 활용함으로써 환측 손을 더욱 적극적으로 사용하고자 하는 시도가 많아지고, 손 기능 재활훈련에 대한 인식이 더욱 긍정적으로 변화되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 중추신경계 손상 환자 대상 우쿨렐레 활용 TIMP 중재가 손의 기능적 움직임 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 나아가 개인의 재활동기 차원에서의 긍정적인 변화도 불러일으킬 수 있음을 시사하는 바이다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar sibilant sounds of children with cerebral palsy by acoustic analysis. Thirteen children with spastic cerebral palsy aging from 6 to 10 years old, were selected by an articulation test, and compared with a control group of thirty children. The meaningless monosyllable CV, disyllable VCV(/asa/) and frame sentence including target syllables CV were measured. C was from the /s, s'/, and V was from the set /a, i, u, ${\varepsilon}$, o, ɯ, ʌ/. Multi-Speech was used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the frication duration of lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly shorter than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The vowel duration in the following lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly longer than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The children with cerebral palsy showed frequency and intensity of friction intervals which were significantly lower than in the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. In the comparison of the lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant by the children with cerebral palsy group's phonation types, the frication duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, VCV and between the phonetic contexts. The glottalized-sibilant was longer than the lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. The subsequent vowel duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in VCV and between the phonetic contexts(p<.05). The vowel duration in the following glottalized-sibilant was longer than the vowel duration in the following lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. In the frequency there was a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, and in the intensity there was a significant difference between the phonation type in CV and VCV. The children with spastic cerebral palsy had difficulty in articulating the alveolar sibilant due to poor control ability in laryngeal, respiration and articulatory movements which require fine motor coordination. This study quantitatively analyzes the acoustic parameters of the alveolar sibilant in various phonetic contexts. Therefore, the results are expected to help provide fundamental data for an intervention of articulation treatment for children with cerebral palsy.