• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2003

Aerosol measurement were carried out to investigate the characteristics of its chemical composition directly affected by the local emissions of Jeju City, Jeju Island by using an eight-stage cascade impactor from Dec. 1999 to Aug. 2000. The ambient aerosol concentrations measured at Jeju City were generally very low but the fine particle concentrations were to be higher than the US standard of PM2.5. The majority of sulfate were non sea salt and contained in the fine particles. In the fine particles, the concentrations of Na$\^$+/, K$\^$+/, Mg$\^$2+/, Ca$\^$2+/, Cl$\^$-/ and NO$\sub$3$\^$-/ had a tendency to increase during the springtime rather than the other seasons. However, the springtime sulfate and ammonium concentrations in the fine particles were slightly lower than those during the other seasons. On the other hand, associated with the coarse particles, the concentrations of ionic species except potassium and ammonium were elevated during the springtime. The calcium concentrations in the coarse particles were increased up to 8 times relative to the other seasons.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2024

With the fine particulate matter (PM) poses a serious threat to public health and the environment. The ultrafine PM in particular can cause serious problems. This study investigates the effectiveness of a submicron dry fog system in removing fine PM. Two methods are used to create fine dust particles: burning incense and utilizing an aerosol generator. Results indicate that the dry fog system effectively removes fine dust particles, with a removal efficiency of up to 81.9% for PM₁₀ and 61.9% for PM_2.5 after 30 minutes of operation. The dry fog, characterized by a mean size of approximately 1.5 ㎛, exhibits superior performance in comparison to traditional water spraying methods, attributed to reduced water consumption and increased contact probability between water droplets and dust particles. Furthermore, experiments with uniform-sized particles which sizes are 1 ㎛ and 2 ㎛ demonstrate the system's capability in removing ultrafine PM. The proposed submicron dry fog system shows promise for mitigating fine dust pollution in various industrial settings, offering advantages such as energy consumption and enhanced safety for workers and equipment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to determine the seasonal characteristics of concentration of various ionic (CI-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH+, K+, Ca2+) and heavy metallic (Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni) species in Pusan from August 1997 to April 1998. The concentrations of CI-, Na+, K+ were higher during summer with 2.98 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥. Seasonal variation of total concentration of but the concentration of NH4+ was higher during winter with 2.46${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥. Seasonal variation of total concentration of heavy metals(Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni) were 186.0 ng/㎥ in summer, 222.6 ng/㎥ in autumn, and 135.83 ng/㎥ in winter. Over the seasons inspected, the concentration of Mn was higher in coarse particles than fine particles and concentration of Ni was higher in fine particles than coarse particles. during yellow sand period, the concentration of TSP was increased about two times than that of other period. SO42-, Ca2+ concentrations were higher than other ionic components because of soil particles. The concentration of Ni showed 94.62ng/㎥ was increased about 4~5 times than other period. Principal component of the yellow sand, SO42-, Ca2+ could be discreased by rainfall and washout effect of atmospheric aerosol was higher in coarse particles than fine particles. Results from PCA(principal component analysis) showed that major pollutant was NaCl by seasalt particulate and (NH4)2SO4.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2004

In this study, the observation data for the yellow sandy dust phenomena from the year 1999 to 2003 at background sites in Korea were collected at Global Atmospheric Observatory at An-Myeon island and its temporal variation were analyzed. The chemical characteristics of the fine particles were also analyzed in order to evaluate sources of the yellow sandy dust particles. The results showed that the monthly average mass concentration of the fine particles was the highest in springtime and the lowest in summertime in general. The magnitude of its variation was also the highest in March in which the occurrence of yellow sandy dust was the most frequent and thus the number of samples was the largest, while the lowest in June through September. The yearly variation of ion components contributions to the total mass concentration of the fine particles was slowly decreasing, showing that $63\%$ in 1999, $59\%$ in 2000 and $56\%$ in 2003. The most prevalent ion components in the fine particles were found to be $NO_3$ and $SO_4^{2-}$, which are known to be source materials of acidic precipitation, and $NH_4^+$, a neutralizing material of the acid precipitation. Relative proportion of metal components in the fine particles was calculated as $14\%$ in average, and their concentrations are in an order of Fe > Al > Na > Ca > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cd > Cr > Co > U. The results indicated that main sources of the metals was soil-originated Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg, and the contribution of anthropogenic air Pollution-originated Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn were also high and keep slightly increasing. Statistical analysis showed that the chemical components could be divided into soil-originated group of Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, and Mn and air pollution-originated group of $NO_3$, Zn, Pb, and they are occupying more than $60\%$of all the components in the dusty sand. The results explain that An-Myeon island is more influenced by soil-originated source than ocean-originated one and also the influencing strength of anthropogenic poilution-originated source is less than $50\%$ of that of soil-originated sources. Compared to non-yellow sandy period, the yellow sandy dust period showed that the amounts of soil-originated $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ and ocean-originated $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ were increased to more than double and the metals of Mg, Al, Ca, Fe were also highly increased, while micro metal components such as Pb, Cd, Zn, which have a tendency of concentrating in air, were either decreased or maintained at nearly constant level. In the period of yellow sandy dust, a strong positive correlation was observed between water soluble ions and between metals in terms of its concentration, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first group being comprised of about $43\%$ of the total inorganic components was affected by soil and they are ions of $Na^+,\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ and metals of Na, Fe, Mn and Ni. The result also showed that the metals of Mg and Cr were classified as second group and they were also highly affected by soil sources.

• 대기
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2017

The $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ particles over the Yellow Sea of Korea were collected by ship-borne observation during two cruises in spring, 2015. Their water-soluble ionic components such as $NH_4^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, $Cl^-$, $F^-$, $CH_3COO^-$, $HCOO^-$, and $CH_3SO_3^-$ were analyzed, in order to examine the pollution characteristics of the secondary aerosol components. The comparative study of particle size distribution has resulted that $NH_4^+$, $nss-SO_4^{2-}$, $nss-Mg2+$, $nss-K^+$, $HCOO^-$, and $CH_3SO_3^-$ species mostly existed in fine particle mode. Meanwhile, nss-F-and sea-salt species were distributed in both fine and coarse particle mode, $NO_3^-$, $nss-Ca^{2+}$, $CH_3COO^-$ species were rich in coarse particle mode. The concentrations of secondary pollutants($nss-SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$) increased in fine particles, and those of natural components ($nss-Ca^{2+}$, Sea-salt) increased in coarse particles. $NH_4^+$ exists as the form of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $NH_4NO_3$, and mostly as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in fine particles. $NH_4NO_3$ has lower content compared to $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and it mostly existed in fine particles at Yellow Sea I and in coarse particles at Yellow Sea II. The concentration ratios of $NO_3^-/nss-SO_4^{2-}$ for Yellow Sea I and Yellow Sea II were 0.52 and 0.16 in coarse particles, and they were 0.64 and 0.38 in fine particles, respectively, showing that the stationary source emissions were more important than mobile source emissions in Yellow Sea II (except Passage II-4).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 $9.2MW_e$의 상용규모 순환유동층 보일러에서 화학첨가제 사용에 따른 미세입자 저감에 대한 영향을 확인하였다. 또한 화력 발전소에서 화석연료의 연소 중 발생하는 미세입자를 포집하기 위하여 간단하고 효과적인 포집설비를 개발하였다. 연소 배가스 중 PM 10이하의 입자를 감소시키기 위하여 화학첨가제를 사용하였으며, 사용한 화학첨가제는 borax solution을 사용하였다. 포집된 미세입자 중 PM 10이하의 입자 거동을 확인하기 위하여 입도분석기와 SEM 분석을 통해 확인하였다. Borax solution은 배가스중에 용융된 미네랄을 흡수하여 미세입자를 성장시키는 경향이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 borax solution을 사용함으로써 $10{\mu}m$ 이하의 미세입자가 감소되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2018

Filter-based sampling techniques are the conventional way to collect particulate matter, but particles collected and entangled in the filter fibers are difficult to be removed and thus not suited for the following cell- and animal-based exposure experiments. Collecting aerosol particles in powder form using a cyclone instead of a filter would be a possible way to solve this problem. We developed a hybrid virtual-impactor/cyclone high-volume fine and coarse particle sampler and assessed its performance. The developed system achieved 50% collection efficiency with components having the following aerodynamic cut-off diameters: virtual impactor, $2.4{\mu}m$; fine-particle cyclone, $0.18-0.30{\mu}m$; and coarse-particle cyclone, $0.7{\mu}m$. The virtual impactor used in our set-up had good $PM_{2.5}$ separation performance, comparable to that reported for a conventional real impactor. The newly developed sampler can collect fine and coarse particles simultaneously, in combination with exposure testing with collected fine- and coarse-particulate matter samples, should help researchers to elucidate the mechanism by which airborne particles result in adverse health effect in detail.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2003

P $M_{2.5}$ fine particles have been collected at the Cosan measurement station in Jeju Island, and the major water-soluble components have been analyzed in order to Investigate the aerosol compositions and pollution characteristics. The mean concentrations of the components were in the order of S $O_4$$^{2-}$> N $H_4$$^{+}$> N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ > N $a^{+}$> $K^{+}$>C $l^{[-10]}$ >C $a^2$$^{+}$>M $g^2$$^{+}$. The major components were S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , whose compositions were 58％, 18％ and 10％ of the total ions, respectively. Most of the components showed higher concentrations in spring season, and especially $Ca^2$$^{+}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ concentrations were increased 2.8, 1.9 and 1.2 times higher than the annual mean concentrations. The most parts of S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ were distributed in fine particles below 2.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ size, but the $Ca^2$$^{+}$, N $a^{+}$ and C $l^{[-10]}$ showed relatively higher concentrations in coarse particles. Based on the factor analysis, the P $M_{2.5}$ fine particles were considered to be largely influenced by anthropogenic sources, and followed by sea salt and soil sources. In the variations of concentrations as a function of wind direction, most components have shown higher concentrations notably as the northwesterly prevails.thwesterly prevails.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

A large fraction of urban $PM_{10}$ concentrations is due to non-exhaust traffic emissions including road dust, tire wear particles, and brake lining particles. Although potential health and environmental impacts associated with tire wear debris have increased, few environmentally and biologically relevant studies of actual tire wear debris have been conducted. Tire wear particles (TWP) are released from the tire tread as a result of the interaction between the tire and the pavement. Roadway particles (RP), meanwhile, are particles on roads composed of a mixture of elements from tires, pavements, fuels, brakes, and environmental dust. The main objective of present study is to identify the contribution of tires to the generation of RP and to assess the potential environmental and health impacts of this contribution. First, a mobile measurement system was constructed and used to measure the RP on asphalt roads according to vehicle speed. The equipment of the mobile system provides $PM_{10}$ concentrations by Dusttrak DRX and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and an aerosol particle sizer (APS). When traveling on an asphalt road at constant speed, there is a clear tendency for $PM_{10}$ concentration to increase slightly in accordance with an increase in the vehicle speed. It was also found that considerable brake wear particles and particles from tire/road interface were generated by rapid deceleration of the vehicle. As a result, the $PM_{10}$ concentration and particle number of ultra-fine particles were measured to be very high.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1998

수열법에 의하여 $BaTiO_3$ 미립자를 합성하였다. 출발원료로는 $TiO_2$와 $Ba(OH)_2{\cdot}8H_2O$를 사용하고 과량의 $Ba(OH)_2{\cdot}8H_2O$를 투입함으로써 증류수만을 용매로 사용하여 $150^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 BaTiO3 미립자를 합성할 수 있었다. 합성된 입자의 형태는 구형에 가까운 부정형이었으며, 입자의 크기는 합성온도 및 Ba/Ti 원자비에 따라 변화되었다.