• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.16-32
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• 2000

This paper aims at exploring financing methods for port development in response to unification of South and North Korea. In so doing, methods of port financing employed by major countries have been enumerated. Major financing sources for the two Korea, among others, taxes, public bond, public administration fund, establishment of harbour maintenance tax, port development tax, port development fund, Civil Economic Cooperation Fund of South and North Korea, and Fund for Port Development of North Korea and, fund for cooperation of South and North Korea, Economic Development Cooperation Fund, borrowing of foreign capital, project financing, domestic civil capital investment, foreign capital investment, application of cross-subsidization principle, etc. were suggested.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.110-138
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• 1983

After Liberation of Korea, Korean fisheries economy fell into an exhausted conditions because of the damage of Japanese colonization policy and the Korean War, and fisheries organizations of those days established for the improvement of fishermen's welfare could not carry out their primary purposes and functions. Under such circumstances, Fisheries Cooperatives starting on April 1st in 1961 played a great role in settling the socio-economic confusion of those days. Fisheries financing was also more systematic and substantial after establishment of Fisheries Cooperatives. In fact fisheries industry was faced with much more riskiness than any other industry on account of its speciality and such a riskiness induced general financial institutions to be reluctant to lend money to the fishermen. In order to overcome such a capital rationing, it was necessary to establish the reciprocal financing system based on the principle of mutual protection of economic weakers. Credit business in Fisheries Cooperatives beginning in 1963 was mainly dependent on governmental fund as fund sources. But the size of fund was too small to satisfy fishermen's fund demand, therefore Fisheries Cooperatives carried out the movement of raising its own fund. As a result of the movement the ratio of its own fund to total funds amounted to 47.7% in 1980, but external funds still take a greater part of all funds. To settle the weakness of the ratio of its own fund and chronic deficiency of fund, a conclusion can be drawn as follows : 1. The enlargement of Fisheries Cooperatives' raising ability of funds. .The expansion of urban branch to absorb idle funds in urban area. .The diversification of financing service to compete with genetral financial institutions. 2. The enlargement of governmental fund and preferential treatment of fishermen's savings. 3. Vitalization of mutual finance and fixation of Fisheries Cooperatives' two-phase organization. 4. The re-enforcement of supervisory financing and post management system.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2021

This study analyzed the financing ratio by operation fund financing method and their impact on management performance according to the establishment operation management entity of the medical institution. For the analysis method, ANOVA, logistic regression, and regression analysis were conducted using financial information registered with HASPA.The results of the study, The ratio of gross revenue to operating funds differed significantly depending on the establishment operation management entity. In addition, it was found that the financing ratio of each operation fund financing method was significantly related to the management results(deficit, surplus), and the impact of the operation fund financing method on management performance differed according to the establishment operation management entity. As a result, the management of operating funds of medical institutions is deemed appropriate to apply cost management first considering the ratio of revenue to operating funds, and then to utilize internal operating funds.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1201-1208
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• 2019

The government has operated financing fund under the National Finance Act for the smooth conduct of national policy. But, It is exposed to problems such as the possibility of abuse of fund and the lack of after-loan management. In this paper, It uses fintech such as the blockchain and machine learning to solve these problems. The fund operation procedure is designed as a consortium blockchain, and it suggests the application of PBFT negotiation algorithm and the smart contract. In case of the fund management, it suggests utilizing multilayer artificial neural network model of machine learning and a module of result interpretation. The introduction of this research approach will improve the transparency and efficiency of the financing fund, ensure the credibility and also contribute to the improvement of the fund management and the establishment of the fund policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2011

During the financial crisis in the late 1990s, we witnessed the large corporations failing at one moment. It is clear that the debt-dependant size augmentation and duplicate investment, and the failure in fund liquidity adjustment were the greatest causes rather than the long-term strategic advantage. Such fact, however, has led to the introduction of advanced financial techniques and security/management of fund liquidity. In order to propose a method to secure fund liquidity at the construction level, this study considers the documentational/precedent studies on project financing among fund procurement methods. And the fund liquidity status at construction level is investigated domestically/internationally to analyze the fund flow. Finally, the actual data is used to analyze progress rate and sales rate to end with the proposal of the method to secure fund liquidity in the progression of this study.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.48
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• pp.127-155
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• 2010

The international transactions of capital goods such as industrial plant exports, overseas constructions, and shipbuilding exports, are so huge that tremendous amount of funds are required, and that most of the loans are long-term credits of over five years. In the export of huge capital goods, financing is more crucial than technology itself. Some of the importing countries are developing ones that are politically and economically unstable. Therefore the financing mechanism for these transactions is conclusive in winning these projects. Global financial market instability caused by US sub-prime mortgage financial crisis expanded all over the world, and the international transactions have been decreased due to global credit crisis. This indicates how much influential the financing market is in international transactions. The financing schemes are classified into supplier credit and buyer credit by who provides the financing. A supplier credit is a credit extended by an exporter(seller) to an importer(buyer) as part of an export contract. Cover for this transaction may be extended by an export credit agency('ECA') to the exporter. In a sales contract a seller shall provide fund required to manufacture goods, and in a construction contract a contractor shall provide fund required to complete a construction. A buyer credit is an arrangement in which an exporter enters into a contract with an importer, which is financed by means of a loan agreement A Comparative Study on a Supplier Credit and a Buyer Credit in International Transactions of Capital Goods 155 where the borrower is the importer. In a sales contract a buyer shall provide fund required to manufacture and procure the goods, and in a construction contract an owner shall provide fund required to complete a construction. Therefore an exporter is paid on progressive payment method. A supplier credit and a buyer credit have their own advantages and disadvantages in the respect of the parties respectively. These two financing methods are selectively used considering financing conditions such as funding cost, importer's and/or exporter's financial conditions, importing country's political risk.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.206-222
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• 1997

The conventional analysis with which justifies government intervention of the private sector's innovation activities is the market failure approach. According to such analysis, fund allocation through autonomous market mechanisms is not optimal in technology financing because of the disparity between the desirable level of investment for society as a whole and that for private firms. To optimize the fund allocation, public policies such as subsidy, preferencial loan and venture capital investment programs are designed for technology development projects performed by private firms. They, however, have not been effective in increasing private investment for such projects. In most cases, it was found that little considerations given to the relationship between uncertainty embodied in technology development projects and each types of financing. With respect to optimizing fund allocation, technology development projects should be financed by different means according to their probability of success and the expected value of technology. Employing various theoretical models on financing decision-making we verify here that technology development projects to be supported by commercial banks or venture capital institutions is limited contingent upon levels of uncertainty adn expected value. Under the assumption that financial institutions are risk averse, loan or investment can be available only if the probability of success of the project is higher than the probability premium and the current market rate of interest. Therefore, the projects that have lower probability of success and/or small expected return are excluded from commercial loan or investment programs. However, the remaining projects, whose probability of success is low but with high expected return, may be applied under government subsidy programs. To achieve optimality of fund allocation and to activate technology financing, we conclude that there should be a systematic division of role among financial institutions including government commercial banks, and venture capital institutions.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1996

The pollution in the coastal sea is being aggravated because of frequent happening of red tide and oil leakage from tankers. The Exclusive Economic Zone is being drawn in the seas surrounding Korean Peninsula. Therefore, the fisheries in Korea is under a great change in their production base. On the other hand, the fisheries have been considered as a part of agriculture in policy making and financial support. The thesis compares agriculture with fisheries in the fund demands and financial supports. It tries to find a way in the efficient allocation of fund for the two industries. The fund demand of a typical fishing household is greater than that of a typical farm household. The fund used by a fishery household is more dependent on debt than that of a farm household. Therefore, the internal financing ability of a fishery household is weaker than that of a farm household. The repaying ability of a fishery household is weaker than that of a farm household because a fishery household's income is less than a farm household's. When we analyze the uses of fund, the fishing industry has some disadvantage in fund uses. The financial support for the fisheries' structural change is weaker than that for agriculture. The fishing industry has some disadvantage in the investment and subsidy rates. Also, the loan period for fisheries is shorter on average than that for agriculture. When we analyze the sources of the fund, the fisheries' banking sources are greater than the government's sources, which is relatively stable. Therefore, the fisheries will be more heavily affected by the liberalization of banking industry and system than the agriculture will. The government needs to change the shortcomings in the sources and uses of fund. First, it needs to use the fund, considering the characteristics of the industry and producers' financing ability. Second, it needs to adjust the sources of fund to the liberalization of financial system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.137-140
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• 2005

Given importation of After-Sale System, we may assume that it comes to be changed on housing industry Construction companies have applied installment sale to fund of building, but now they have to take it upon themselves to borrow from PF(Project Financing) on the banking system. The purpose of this study is to assume the change and influence in the construction fund after adopting After-Sale system and suggests the appropriate strategy in PF for providing fund. Construction Companies can produce their Profits by concentrating on reconstruction part especially in the metropolitan area. And They make their own brands and have their competitive power. In this housing market, if After-sale system comes publically, there will be big changes. Until now many companies have no difficulties in making funds to manage construction activity. But After-sale system gives difficulties to many companies. Therefore they have to prepare their own funds under their responsibilities from banks of Project financing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Green finance plays an important role in environmental protection missions and fighting climate change. The Environment Fund in Vietnam is the main channel of preferential capital offered to firms for environmental protection. Unfortunately, it was previously unknown which criteria influenced these companies' ability to obtain green financing. Using a survey method, we collected data through a structured questionnaire of 203 respondents that represent firms that had received concessional loans from 26 Environment Funds. A Multiple Linear Regression model was used to examine the determinants of access to concessional loans for environmental protection. We found relationships between age, size, ownership type, and industry sector, and access to green finance. Third-party guarantees were a significant factor in financing through Environment Funds. Moreover, we found commercial environmental projects face fewer green financing obstacles. Surprisingly, showing audited financial statements does not mitigate the information asymmetry between firms and these financial institutions. These findings suggest that Environment Funds should classify environmental project types to develop appropriate lending policies. In emerging markets, enterprises need to build a trusted relationship with financial institutions so that they can replace asset-based lending techniques, thereby increasing the firms' accessibility to green finance.