• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.431-449
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• 2015

Philosophical roots and discussion frames of neoliberalism are very heterogeneous and approaches to neoliberalism including anarchism, post-neoliberalism also take diverse stances. Even if neoliberalism is losing legitimacy and stability through the global financial crisis, 2008, spatial perspective is becoming more and more important as neoliberalism constantly evolve with creating immense variations. Especially, urban space has become strategically crucial arenas as spatio-temporal strategies and generative nodes for reproduction of neoliberalism. Urban enclosure plays a key role in the specific process of neoliberal urbanization as a kind of capitalist formal and real subsumption. Contemporary capitalism continuously has been sustaining the accumulation by dispossession based on urban enclosure through reshaping the primitive accumulation mechanism. These enclosures are embodied by the change of public use concept from public ownership to economic benefits and public-private taking for private capital. Urban enclosure promotes reification deepening the separation and alienation of workers from the means of production and survival, and interdiction from free place appropriation, transformation of urban economy to patrimonial forms. Also it is pervasive in a daily life space and everyday experience in the city, and private tangled social rules dominate public space and the publicity of space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate conservation and management methods of the Joseon Royal Tombs under the Eastern District Management Office. Through the literature survey, we understood the process of change of Joseon royal tombs, and through field surveys and interviews, we understood the status of the interior and the surrounding area. In this process, topography, land use and flow of human traffic, architecture and stone objects, water system, historical forests, and facilities were set as the main evaluation indicators. Urbanization has damaged the original terrains of Royal Tombs as national roads, buildings and facilities have constructed in the inner and outer area of Joseon Royal Tombs. Construction of underground passage, land purchase, relocation and demolition of the buildings are required for the conservation of the Royal Tombs area, and then it is necessary to recover the original terrain. In the case of land use and pathways, there are many disconnection of the original ritual circulation, they should be maintained to remind the sacred atmosphere of the royal tomb. And It is necessary to collect accurate information on the lost buildings and stoneworks through literature survey and excavation investigation, and that investigations should be lead to the exposure or restoration of the ruins. Historical forests require periodic and ongoing monitoring and management, and it is necessary to establish new entrance area and appropriate facilities following the long-Term conservation and management plan. These plans should be classified into short, medium and long-Term projects according to urgency and securing financial resources with a long perspective to implement continuous and systematic projects.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.465-472
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• 2015

SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) guidelines for a ship's GHG reduction include a machinery modification of hull, an installation of energy efficiency enhanced attachment in hardware methods. It is also possible to bring a ship energy efficiency improvement by fuel-efficient operations or in other software methods. Hardware modification or installation on ship can bring financial burdens to a ship company compared to its improvement expectation. On the other hand, Software based energy-saving technology can be applicable on various ship types, and it is also expected high efficiency of ship energy use compared to hardware based technology in perspective of the investment costs and efficiency. In this paper, it is described that the ship handling simulator based evaluation was carried out using representative ship model of bulk, container and VLCC. Simulation environments were separated into 6 conditions according to the sea-state and weather condition, and the operation results were compared with those before and after energy saving system applied The container ship showed the largest FOC save rate after energy saving system applied although the others also showed energy save rate after using the system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.57-83
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• 2013

There has neither been enough research on how to approach the concept of active aging through an integrated view nor an examination to verify the relationship between preparation for old age and active aging in later life. Therefore, this research aims to verify that the elderly, who have prepared for their later life, affected their active aged life. In addition, by setting up self-efficacy and social support as mediator in the research model, this paper looks into the psycho-social resource mechanism of the relationship in depth. In order to verify the correlation of two variables, the Seoul welfare panel data, a mediating model structured by psycho-social resources created by Seoul welfare foundation in 2010, was used. The total sample size was a group of 1,492 elders aged over 65. When it came to our research methods, structured equation analysis was applied to verify the mediating effect and theoretical background. The results revealed that physical preparation, financial preparation, social preparation and leisure preparation directly affected their active aging level positively, thus, psycho-social resources showed a partial mediating effect between preparation for old age of the past and active aging level. The research implications are as follows. First, this research makes an effort to approach the concept of preparation for old age with an integrated perspective through making a construct by entire preparation types. Second, it will attempt to verify the relationship between preparation for old age in the past and active aging in terms of multi-dimension is meaningful. Third, this research reveals the function of psycho-social resource, self-efficacy and social support within the relationship. As far as the partial mediating effect is concerned, preparation for old age education for the middle-aged class should be modified as a decent field to enhance of the elderly.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.101-113
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• 2021

This paper inquires the macro-economic factors that may affect the corporate venture capital (CVC) from an industrial organization theory perspective. Unlike existing studies focusing CVC investments related to parent corporates' strategic intention, we identified CVC firm as an independent financial investor affected by macro environment and industrial structure. Specifically, we empirically investigate whether and how industry's boom, exogenous crisis, economic growth, and competition intensity affect the CVC investment for a data set of investment in the U.S. based corporate venture capital industry, 1996-2017. The empirical data analyzed in the study contained a total of 84 U.S. based CVC firms and their 2,306 investments from 1996 until 2017. After conducting a time-series negative binomial analysis, our empirical analyses suggest that the CVC investments are affected negatively by exogenous crisis and competition intensity, and positively by industrial boom and economic growth. we found the significance and direction of our independent variables strongly supported all of our four hypotheses in a highly robust manner. The results of this study are expected to contribute the literatures of corporate venture capital and venture investment by illustrating which macro-economic and industrial structure factors affect CVC investment decision to adapt to dynamic environmental change beside strategic intention of CVC firm's parent corporates.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.27-45
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to trace the path of policy for urban parks and greenbelts (PUPG) pursued by Seoul Mayor Kim Hyeon-ok, who was a protagonist of Seoul's modernization and to reveal the policy's characteristics. A high modernism perspective was projected to advance his PUPG discussion. High modernism was an unavoidable phenomenon that appeared in post-war urban reconstruction projects and emerged in the form of a belief that the national elite creates the ideal social order and rational planning. Its characteristics were to build with legibility, immediacy, and convenience by power, with private participation and profit creation, while realizing the spectacle of "the city being built". As a high-modernist, Seoul Mayor Kim Hyun-ok's urban planning aimed to deal with the booming population and the expansion of Seoul's territory. Although his PUPG extended the parks to the outskirts of Seoul, he showed a dualistic attitude, diverting parks away from the city center. On the other hand, he induced the participation of the private sector to create parks. However, he showed the other side of modernization, eliminating the placeness and excluding related systems. The path taken by Mayor Kim Hyun-ok's PUPG was started to respond to population growth and resolve the encroachment of parks. The ultimate goal was to accept the realization of urban planning and experiment with non-financial methods. The characteristics of his PUPG reflecting high modernism were: First, elites were represented in the National Land Planning Association, HURPI, and Jang Moon-gi participated; second, legibility was ensured by using east-west and north-south axes, elevation standards, and rational planning. Third, parks were quickly released to respond to the rapid urban change. Fourth, it showed off events and spectacles to attract private capital.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.115-150
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of the Dream Start program from the perspective of social investment strategy, and as well as to suggest future directions. The program has become a major government welfare program in korea since it was introduced in 2007 as a demonstration project, following research evidence and a sound rationale about the extensive success of Head Start in the U.S. and Sure Start Programme in the UK. The aim of Dream Start is to provide integrated services for the vulnerable children, aged 0 to 12, and their families who are identified using a national administration data record of disadvantaged families with children. In order to promote the vulnerable child's well-being, to overcome inequalities, and to give every child the best start in life, Dream Start adopted a local, "whole family" approach. Case management services form an essential part of the Dream Start to customize and integrate comprehensive services such as counseling, health care, parenting advice and education, academic tutoring, and after-school activities. Although there has been a general improvement in key factors since its inception, Dream Start has not yet sufficiently shown the strong and hoped-for impact. In the meantime, Dream Start must be given financial expansion and extensive policy supports to get the chance of realizing and evaluating long-term gains for children and their families. More work need to be done to overcome inequalities and to make Dream Start service more accessible for the most disadvantaged families with children in Korea. Practical and policy suggestions for future directions of the Dream Start programs were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.653-666
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• 2019

This study is designed to find out the protection system of intangible cultural property as the current national policy and analyze the foundational problems in order to suggest the future vision in a way of transmitting the traditional cultural heritage to the descendants, based on the policy support for the intangible cultural property under the control of Commission for Ibuk 5-do (5 Northern Provinces of Korean peninsula). The research issue is first, the aging of the holders of the important cultural properties in Ibuk 5-do and the overcoming of the incomplete transmission system. The second issue is the protective policy of the transmission from the national perspective and the justification of the government's financial support. The third issue is the development of cultural contents by using the intangible cultural properties in Ibuk 5-do and the suggestion of the creative development for the resourcing of culture. As for the research methods, reference research and analysis on interview data and data from the related entities was done were analyzed and the results were actively adopted. The research results showed the followings to be required; first, the aged holders of the cultural properties shall be treated well and at the same time, the holders recognized to hold the transmission ability shall be dually designated. Second, the training system for the younger generation to keep the traditional cultural heritage shall be established; Third, the educational program and school education shall be extended so that the importance of the transmission of the intangible traditional cultural properties in Ibuk 5-do (northern 5 provinces of Korea) shall be recognized; Fourth, the recording system shall be constructed and its application system shall be required. In the end, in order for such development methods to be implemented effectively, active government support is desperately required.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

It is very important to understand the factors affecting the occurrence of vacant houses in research on them. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the rural vacancy occurrence. This study set 121 research areas and selected eight independent variables (Aged house rate, housing transaction rate, house diffusion ratio, local extinction index, net migration rate, regional aging index, the ratio of the number of employees to population and financial independence rate) and one dependent variable (vacant house rate). As a result of the study, first, both Model 1 for the entire general agricultural fishing village area and Model 2 for the county (gun) area were statistically significant, there was no problem with the independence of residual. Second, local extinction index and aged house rate had a statistically significant positive (+) relationship in both Model 1 and Model 2. Third, diffusion ratio of house had a statistically significant positive (+) relationship only in Model 1, and housing transactions rate had a statistically significant negative (-) relationship in Model 2. The implications of the study were drawn as follows: First, the increase in the house diffusion ratio without growth in households and population suggests the increase of the probability of the vacancy occurrence in the area, and the higher the aged house rate, the higher the probability of the vacancy occurrence. Second, for the revitalization of housing transactions, it is necessary to have an investment inflow in the area for mid- to long-term development. Third, local extinction index has a significant relationship with vacant house rate, it is necessary to introduce a local revitalization policy from a long-term perspective for the permanence of the area.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.160-177
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the distribution of dealers and the repair parts management system of a Japanese car manufacturer in the Chinese market in looking at the case of Toyota. We conducted our research by obtaining information from a GAC Toyota dealer about the current distribution of dealers and locations of warehouses throughout China, as well as the status of stocks and the distribution system for repair and maintenance parts. The results of our investigation showed that although GAC Toyota has 437 dealers throughout the country, there is an imbalance in distribution towards the coastal areas, after the population ratios and other measurements are factored in. Therefore, it can be said expansion towards the inland regions, where demand for automobiles has increased in recent years, has been stunted. On the other hand, there is a high correlation between gross GDP by region and the number of stores, and it can be pointed out that the company prioritizes the sale of high-priced vehicles in major coastal areas where the economy is large, rather than selling low-priced vehicles for inland consumers with a relatively small economic scale. The company also has difficulty in securing dealers that can provide sufficient after-sales service. According to the regulations of GAC Toyota, the company require dealers to have at least 1,500 repair and maintenance parts in stock. Also, when exchanging maintenance parts, GAC Toyota's emphasis is on increasing customer satisfaction by giving sufficient explanations for customers and obtaining consent from them. As a result, the company's dealers need financial resources to continue their business from a long-term perspective. However, it can be pointed out that such dealers are limited, and it is difficult to distribute profits among manufacturers and dealers.