• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.203-211
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• 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased at an exponential rate during the last two decades. It is now a feature of emerging market economies as well. Foreign direct investment and financial development are important factors in an economy's growth. Various studies have examined the impact of foreign direct investment and financial development on economic growth in different countries and areas. However, the findings are currently inconclusive. Using updated data from 1970 to 2020, this study will examine the relationships between FDI, financial development, and economic growth in 30 rising economies.GDP is the dependent variable, while FDI, financial development, trade openness, infrastructure, exchange rate, and GDP growth are the independent factors. To estimate the panel data, we used the most recent econometric models. The study's major findings suggest that FDI and financial development are critical determinants in emerging economies' economic progress. Furthermore, multiple robustness checks supported the study's empirical findings. The results of this study include various practical recommendations for investors, governments, and policymakers, given the increased interest in global economic integration and member states' reliance on FDI as a critical aspect of sustaining prosperity.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.119-147
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• 2024

This study aims to analyze older adults's intention to use digital financial services. To verify the purpose, the '2022 Korean Senior Technology Acceptance Panel Survey' data were used. And a shortened Senior Technology Acceptance Model(STAM) reflecting the characteristics of older adults was applied. The results of Structural Equation Model analysis are as follows. First, the lower gerontechnology anxiety, the higher control beliefs reflecting perceived ease of use, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions and the intention to use digital financial services. Second, the health factor had a positive effect on the control beliefs. Third, the higher the control beliefs, the higher the attitudinal beliefs reflecting perceived usefulness and attitude and the intention to use digital financial services. Lastly, the higher attitudinal beliefs, the higher the intention to use digital financial services. The results suggest the need for interventions that can relieve gerontechnology anxiety and strengthen positive perceptions about control beliefs and attitudinal beliefs in order to increase older adults's intention to use digital financial services.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

Purpose - Foreign exchange risk control is in an important component in the international supply chain management. This study shows the importance of the reference period in forecasting future exchange rates with a specific illustration of KIKO currency option contracts, and suggests feasible preventive measures. Research design, data, and methodology - Using monthly Won-Dollar exchange rate data for January 1995~July 2007, I evaluate the statistical characteristics of the exchange rate for two sub-periods; 1) a shorter period after the East Asian financial crisis and 2) a longer period including the financial crisis. The key instrument of analysis is the basic normal distribution theory. Results - The difference in the reference period could lead to an unexpected development in contract implementation and a consequent financial loss. We may avoid foreign exchange loss by using derivatives such as forwards or currency options. Conclusions - We should consider not only level values but also the volatilities of financial variables in making a binding financial contract. Appropriate measures may differ depending on the specific supply chain pattern. We may extend the study with surveys on actual risk measures.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.191-208
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• 1992

The study is focused on the perception of husbands and wives family financial security and satisfaction with quality of family life. Data was collected from the husbands and wives in Seoul. Eligibility was limited to family units with husband, wife, and at least one child. 852(Husbands:432, Wives: 420) out of 1200 respondents were finally selected as datum sources. The data was analyzed by Frequency, OneWay-ANOVA, t-test, Pearson' correlation and regression analysis. The major findings are the following: 1) In regard to the perception of family income adequacy, wives' perception was higher than husbands'. On the family financial problem, husbands had more experienced the financial problem than wives. 2) Marriage education, family income, husbands and wives education , and savings effected satisfaction with quality of family life. and husbands are more satisfaction with quality of family life than wives. 3) Determined the impact of the perception of family financial security on the satisfaction with quality of family life was 41% for wives and 33% for husbands, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare analysis of financial performance in university hospitals. Methods: Data from 2005 to 2017 were collected from income statement, balance sheet, and annual reports in 23 university hospitals. The dependent variables are used financial performance, namely, medical profit to total assets, medical profit to medical revenue, and net profit to medical revenue. The independent variables are establishment type, hospital province, bed, open liquidity, stability, and activity. Results: From 2005 to 2007, university hospitals steadily increased medical revenues, nonmedical revenues, medical profit, net profit, and reserve fund for essential business by investing fixed assets using financial leverage. From 2015 to 2017, the debt ratio was minimized based on existing management performance. Results showed that university hospitals maintained high profitability by actively investing in medical equipment, medical environment, and facilities using reserve fund for essential business. Conclusions: Results suggest that this will be the basic data for efficient management of university hospitals.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-127
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• 2006

Understanding characteristics of Internet businesses from cross-cultural perspective could offer valuable insights on developing business strategy and policy. This work is concerned with revealing divergence and convergence of Internet business models in their financial performance, given organizational conditions and cultural context. For this, we studied the association between organizational attributes (core activity, origination, firm age, and industry) and their effects on a firm's financial performance (gross revenue and net income). Relevant data was gathered from representative Internet firms in Korea and U.S. Data analysis indicated that there exist both similarities and differences between Korea and U.S and year 2003 and 2006. While core activities and industry types of U.S. firms has not been changed much between the periods, Korean firms show much difference. In addition, while core activities and industry type were found to have strong relationship with financial performance, age and origination of a firm weak connections with financial performance. This study is expected to provide a foundation for developing more robust and systematic research model and performing further empirical research in this area.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2004

Understanding characteristics of Internet businesses from a cross-cultural perspective could offer valuable insights on developing business strategies and policies. This work is concerned with revealing divergence and convergence of Internet businesses in their financial performance, given organizational conditions and cultural context. For this, we studied the association between static organizational attributes (core activity, origination, firm age, and industry type) and a firms financial performance (gross revenue and net income). Relevant data was gathered from representative Internet firms in Korea and U.S. Data analysis indicated that, besides industry type, overall connection between selected organizational variables and financial performance was weak. Cross-national comparison showed that Korean firms financial performance was comparable to U.S firms during the period of economic turbulence. A noticeable difference was that Korean Internet firms and their business models were more service-oriented than U.S. counterparts.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The Management Discussion and Analysis(MD&A) provides investors with an opportunity to gain insight into the company from a manager's perspective and enables short-term and long-term analysis of the business. And MD&A is an important channel through which companies and investors can communicate, providing a useful source of information for analyzing financialstatements. MD&A is measured by the quality of disclosure and there are many previous studies on the usefulness of disclosure information. Therefore, it is very important for the financial analyst who is the representative information user group in the capital market that MD&A Disclosure Quality is measured in real-time in combination with IT information technology and provided timely to financial analyst. In this study, we propose a method that real-time data is converted to digitalized data by combining MD&A disclosure with IT information technology and provided to financial analyst's information environment in real-time. The real-time information provided by MD&A can help the financial analysts' activities and reduce information asymmetry.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2023

Objectives: The budget gap in the health sector of local governments affects the supply of health services, which can cause the health gap. This study classified local governments according to their financial characteristics, such as local financial independence and health budget level. It analyzed the health behaviors and disease prevalence of local residents to examine the effect of local government financial investment on the health of local residents. Methods: To classify types according to the financial characteristics of local governments, financial independence and the health budget data for 17 local governments were collected from the local fiscal yearbook of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The prevalence of chronic diseases and healthy behavior was compared using the 16,333 data of adults between the ages of 30 and 65 years among the original data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2020). Results: Cluster analysis was used to classify local governments into five clusters according to the health financial capacity type. A comparison of the prevalence of local residents by cluster revealed a similar prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, the obesity rate (P < 0.01), high-risk drinking rate (P < 0.01), aerobic physical activity rate (P < 0.001), and healthy eating practice rate (P < 0.001) were significantly different. In addition, an analysis of the odds ratio based on the Seoul area revealed a higher risk of health behavior of non-Seoul residents. Conclusions: It is necessary to review the universal health promotion project budget considering the degree of regional financial vulnerability from the viewpoint of health equity to narrow the health gap among regions.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

Recently, the importance of pre-trained language models (PLM) has been emphasized for natural language processing (NLP) such as text classification, sentiment analysis, and question answering. Korean PLM shows high performance in NLP in general-purpose domains, but is weak in domains such as finance, medicine, and law. The main goal of this study is to propose a language model learning process and method to build a financial-specific language model that shows good performance not only in the financial domain but also in general-purpose domains. The five steps of the financial-specific language model are (1) financial data collection and preprocessing, (2) selection of model architecture such as PLM or foundation model, (3) domain data learning and instruction tuning, (4) model verification and evaluation, and (5) model deployment and utilization. Through this, a method for constructing pre-learning data that takes advantage of the characteristics of the financial domain and an efficient LLM training method, adaptive learning and instruction tuning techniques, were presented.