• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 1999

This study introduced the new technologies that are expanding the realm of electronic commerce to the Internet and small business. Each of the key components of electronic commerce(contracts, signatures, notaries, payment systems and adult trails)are supported in the new electronic commerce. Electronic commerce is more than just handling purchase transactions and funds transfers over the internet. Despite Electronic commerce's past roots in transactions between large corporations, banks, and other financial institutions, the use of the internet as a way to bring Electronic commerce to the individual consumer has led to shift in viewpoint. Over the past few years, both the press and the business community have increased their focus on Electronic commerce involving the consumer Effective payment system should be established for the internet commerce. In this study, we examined the current development and application of Electronic payment system. Two different payment systems are used and under application. One is IC-card type of payment system which has gained popularity in England, Hong-Kong, and many other countries as a substitution of cash. The other type of payment system is e-cash, which is used more conveniently for the payment through internet. The question of which method is better fitted for the internet commerce should be evaluated in the view of cost and benefit since the associated technology is still under evolution. This study conducted a study on Secure Payment Method & Security Technology of Electronic Commerce

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2016

A thermal barrier coating (TBC) has been widely applied to machine components working under high temperature as a thermal insulator owing to its critical financial and safety benefits to the industry. However, the nondestructive evaluation of TBC damage is not easy since sensing of the microscopic change that occurs on the TBC is required during an evaluation. We designed an eddy current probe for evaluating damage on a TBC based on the finite element method (FEM) and validated its performance through an experiment. An FEM analysis predicted the sensitivity of the probe, showing that impedance change increases as the TBC thermally degrades. In addition, the effect of the magnetic shield concentrating magnetic flux density was also observed. Finally, experimental validation showed good agreement with the simulation result.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-46
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• 2014

Applying the dynamic shift-share analysis, this paper decomposes inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) of Korea for the period of 2003-2012 into three components: world growth effect, industry-mix effect and competitive effect. Taking the group of developed countries as population for comparison, this paper finds that Korea has been lagging behind the group of developed countries in attracting FDIs, thereby having recorded negative aggregate industry-mix effects and negative aggregate competitive effects as well. However, the following industries have recorded positive competitive effects: textiles, chemicals, electrical and electronic equipment, motor vehicles and other transport equipment, hotels and restaurants and business services. Moreover, in the sub-period of 2008-2012, positive competitive effects have been recorded for most manufacturing industries. This reflects the fact that inward FDI into Korea has not been affected much by the financial crisis of 2009.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.346-357
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experience and meaning of pregnant women's adaptation. Methods: Ten pregnant women from an ongoing Pregnant Couples' Cohort Study agreed to participate in this study. The data were collected through telephone in-depth interviews regarding what they experienced and felt about pregnancy adaptation. The qualitative data were analyzed using Giorgi's method of descriptive phenomenology. Results: Five core situation components were extracted from the raw data, along with 12 themes and 33 focal meanings. The five core situations were 1) first recognizing the pregnancy, 2) pregnancy-related changes, (3) the upcoming birth, 4) the postpartum period, and 5) parenting. The 12 themes were as follows: "anxiety, pressure, and embarrassment due to pregnancy," "efforts to adapt to physical changes," "efforts to adapt to the psychological difficulties of pregnancy," "efforts to adapt to the financial burden and role changes caused by pregnancy," "connecting with the fetus," "adapting to a new marital relationship centering on the baby," "the frustration of childbirth," "fear of childbirth," "postpartum care, need help with lactation planning," "parenting beyond what I imagined," "dad's willingness to participate in parenting," and "career disconnect and consideration of workplace needs." Conclusion: We identified that pregnant women experience adaptation in physical, psychological, relational, and social aspects. The thematic clusters identified can be used to develop nursing interventions to promote women's adaptation to pregnancy.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2021

As environmental impacts on business management rapidly rise, the importance of resilience has been emphasized ever. Resilience can be defined as the capability to quickly return to daily operational levels after external shocks. Thus, we suggest and empirically verify a conceptual model using enterprise-level resilience in knowledge management. Based on previous studies, sub-components of resilience have been distinguished into R4(i.e., Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, and Rapidity) and the internal and external knowledge management activities of companies have been identified as prior factors. Considering resilience as mediating variables, firms' knowledge management activities are assumed to affect a firms' performance. We collected data with the structured survey which had been developed from the stepwise approach to verify the structural model that leads to knowledge management activities, resilience, and performance. In further research, we request exploratory research on independent variables that can increase the firms' resilience and on dependent variables that would be influenced by the enterprise-level resilience.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

In the article, the authors investigate the economic security system in the conditions of the powers transformation. It is substantiated that economic security acts as a certain system that includes components and at the same time acts as a subsystem of the highest order. It is determined that the economic security system of regions acting as a system has its subsystems, which include: production, financial, environmental, innovation, investment and social subsystems. The parameters of the economic security system include relative economic independence, economic stability and self-development of economic systems, and it is proved that an important feature of economic security in addition to its systemic nature is multi-vector. It is substantiated that the monitoring of ensuring the economic security system of the development of economic systems of different levels in the conditions of the powers transformation should contain the analysis of social, economic and ecological development of regions; spheres of possible dangers of the development of regional economic systems; the nature of the threats; the degree of the possibility of threats; time perspective of economic development threats; possible consequences of losses for economic entities; the impact of threats to the object of the economic entities' activity; possible asymmetry of economic development of regional economic entities. Possible threats as a consequence of the powers transformation have been identified. A PEST analysis of the impact of factors of different nature on economic security and the development of regional economic systems in the powers transformation is carried out. A recurrent ratio is proposed for the economic security system in the conditions of the powers transformation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1028-1035
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• 2005

Traditional Industries were planning the major role for Taiwan's economy. However, we need to face the competition from developing countries. Moving manufacturing department to other low salary countries, such as China, can only temporarily release some limited pressure. The final and complete solutions are to equip on R&D, refine techniques, improve management capabilities, upgrade business, and reform physique. Currently there are some ERP systems on the market; however, they are designed for common purpose and difficult to introduce into industry. The expensive price is another factor to make them be popular. In this research we will Object Oriented, Visual Modeling, ER Model and Windows Environment to develop an Integrated Management System for Sports Requisites Industries (IMSSRI). We will integrate all information from all departments such as development, business, material administration, manufacture, shipping, and financial. When development people construct the all modules, components, cutting molds, materials and accessories, IMSSRI will calculate all needed materials and cost for each product. This cost will be used for quotation to report to our customers. When customers confirm the order, system will transfer all necessary materials into Material Administration System. IMSSRI can generate manufacturing forms and material raw lists for manufacture department. All related information such as stocking, returning goods, material requesting, and material returning can be integrated so we can control all details of the whole enterprise. Through the help of this system, we hope we can save man-power, reduce human mistakes, raise management capabilities for tradition manufacturing industries and create another possibility of eternal operating for Taiwan's Industries.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-40
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• 2021

Using an unobserved components model that features trend growth as a random walk, we find that GDP trend growth rates had gradually declined from the late 1980s to early 2010s in Korea. To uncover the underlying features of the slowdown, we use trend growth accounting. A major feature appears to be a significant decline in the growth rate of labor productivity. To be specific, the first gradual decline in trend growth, which started in 1988 and continued to 1998, is associated with a drop in TFP measured in labor-augmenting units. This finding is inconsistent with the hypothesis that the slowdown in GDP trend growth can be attributed to the 1997-1998 Korean financial crisis. Sluggish investment growth is behind the second period of the gradual slowdown, from 2002 to 2012.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.128-132
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• 2023

Investment authorities are broad financial institutions that carefully manage investments on behalf of the national government using a long-term value development approach. To provide a stronger structure or framework for In-vestment Authorities to govern the distribution of funds to public and private markets, we've started research to create a blockchain-based prototype for managing and tracking numerous finances of such authorities. We have taken the case study of Oman Investment Authority (OIA) of Sultanate of Oman. Oman's wealth is held in OIA. It is an organization that oversees and utilizes the additional capital generated by oil and gas profits in public and private markets. Unlike other Omani funds, this one focus primarily on assets outside the Sultanate. The operation of the OIA entails a huge number of transactions, necessitating a high level of transparency and administration among the parties involved. Currently, OIA relies on various manuals to achieve its goals, such as the Authorities and Responsibilities manual, the In-vestment Manual, and the Code of Business Conduct, among others. In this paper, we propose a Blockchain based framework to manage the operations of OIA. Blockchain is a part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and it is re-shaping every industry. The main components of every blockchain are assets and participants. The funds are the major assets in the proposed study, and the participants are the various fund shareholders/recipients. The block-chain's transactions are all safe, secure, and immutable, and it's part of a trustless network. The transactions are simple to follow and verify. By replacing intermediary firms with smart contracts, blockchain-based solutions eliminate any middlemen in the fund allocation process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.809-820
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• 2023

In contemporary society, there is a notable rise in single-person households, coupled with an increased demand for residential spaces, necessitating the exploration of suitable housing solutions. Modular architecture is gaining prominence as a method to deliver cost-effective and sustainable living spaces efficiently. This study introduces a method for optimizing the design and construction processes of modular building units through Building Information Modeling(BIM) technology. It involves an analysis of factors that enhance living quality and meet the housing needs of single-person households. Utilizing BIM, a resource-efficient and cost-efficient modular apartment unit has been developed. BIM facilitates the visualization and integration of architectural components, thereby reducing design errors and enhancing productivity. This research evaluates both the benefits and constraints of modular architecture. Modular constructions, when combined with BIM, emerge as a potent solution for housing challenges, enriching the quality and variety of residential options. Nevertheless, considerations such as technical prerequisites and financial implications are also discussed. The study showcases the potential and merits of utilizing BIM for designing apartment units tailored to single-person households, offering a viable approach to ameliorate their living conditions.