• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.202-214
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide the data for the improvement of home health nursing services through the investigation of burden and satisfaction felt by family caregivers under home health nursing care. The study subjects consisted of 200 family caregivers who were enrolled m six university hospital home care services. Data were collected by using constructed questionnaires through mail from March to April of 1999. and analyzed by using t-test. ANOVA, Duncan-test. and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of burden was 2.24. Among the SIX burden dimensions. the highest score was marked in time-dependence dimension. Caregivers were found to have greater burden in the low income families living in flats. In relation to the characteristics of patients. higher scores were shown in the male patients with cerebrospinal diseases. who also revealed higher score of dependency in the Activities of Daily Living. As a whole. there was no significant difference between home nursing care and clinical nursing care in terms of family caregivers' burden. The burden of time-dependence dimension in home nursing care was significantly higher than that of clinical nursing care while the burdens of physical. social. and financial dimensions were significantly lower than those of the clinical nursing care. 2. The mean score of satisfaction was 3.14. Among the six items. the highest score was marked in the nursing care and treatment skill. while the lowest score was marked in the cost containment. Family caregivers with higher academic background and higher income showed higher satisfaction score. The mean score of home care nursmg was significantly higher than that of clinical nursing care.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. The nursing for women with hysterectomy is limited to medical treatment and the nursing related to troubles in psychology, emotion they experience in general situation due to operations is hardly realized. New basis for nursing can be realized when we both have relation with lived human experience related th health and become to be a part of it. We need to catch their experience due to the loss of matrix to understand women with hysterectomy. The subjects of the study were nine patients who were admitted to a gynecological ward of a hospital in Seoul, suffering from vaginal bleeding, back pain, abdominal pain and so on and diagnosing as non-cancer. The data were collected from April to May 1997 by listening to the subjects' expression of their experience and by participant observation of the subjects' reactions. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects, to prevent the loss of spoken information. The result of the study was as follows : The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psych-emotional, physical, personal interaction, financial burden and maternal role burden. The factors which have influence on the burden of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life, though women with hysterectomy undergo various burden experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the burden experience, to be a good supporter. And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.211-227
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• 2002

The issue of children′s education is the most important issue for all households in Korea. It is certain that the issue of private education for children is the first issue among household′s issues. This study is to recognize the current pictures of household primate education of Korean households. Also, whether the expenditure of private education effect the economic will-being of household. The data for this study was"the 3th Korean Labor Panal", conducted by Lobor in Korea. The sample was 1950 households from the panel data. The results of this study was as following: 1. The mean of monthly private education expenditure was 149273won for all households and 217,100won for households with high school students. 2. Almost 70% households had economic burden for private education expenditure. 0% households had no economic burden. 3. The factors of influencing the level of economic burden for private education were mother′s education level, mother′s job, the number of children, living location, monthly income, total asset of household′s. The factors of influencing the amount of monthly private education expenditure positively were living in 4. The economic well-being of household was analyzed by socio-economic variables, household′s financial variables, monthly private education expenditure, the level of economic burden of private education. The economic well-being were sub-categorized 4 divisions; the level of economic problem, the level of satisfaction for household′s income, the level of satisfaction for general living, the level of subject economic condition)

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2007

This study is designed to estimate an appropriate level of patient's cost-sharing for oriental medical services in the Korean National Health Insurance. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The current co-payment system for oriental medical services does not reflect its cost structure in clinical practice due to inconsistency of cost-sharing plan in the NHI. 2) Both oriental medical institutions and their patients, as a result, are at a relative disadvantage in financial burden, compared with other services. 3) The substantial proportion of patients' cost-sharing depends on the amount of co-payment and the range of medical cost that a flat rate is applied to. 4) The extension of the range doesn't make any substantial decrease in patient's cost-sharing. 5) The fixed amount of co-payment is more sensitive than a range to total variations of patient's cost-sharing. Based on the above, the budget impacts of a new co-payment system were estimated for each co-insurance rate, according to given scenarios. The results range from -59 billion Won (-8.5%) to 16 billion Won(2.3%).

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was to examine the relationships between stress, ways of coping and burnout among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 207 family caregivers of cancer patients at one university hospital and one general hospital in Busan, Korea. The instruments included a Stress Scale, a Ways of Coping Scale and a Burnout Scale. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. Results: Stress was found to have significant relationships with age, relation to the patient, education, monthly income, degree of care-giving, financial burden and activities of daily living of patient. In active coping, there were significant differences according to education and religion. Passive coping was significantly related to gender. In burnout, there were significant differences according to age, relation to the patient, education, occupational status, monthly income, degree of care-giving, financial burden and activities of daily living of patient. Stress and burnout showed a positive correlation, while there was a negative correlation between burnout and active coping. Conclusion: These results suggest that promoting active coping would better support family caregivers of cancer patients in managing burnout effectively.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate diversity in the situations of multicultural families regarding the education of their children and to suggest rational ways of educating children in multicultural families. The participants in this study were 16 mothers from multicultural families typically characterized by an international marriage in which a Korean male had married a non-Korean female. The data were collected using intensive interviews over a course of three months and were analyzed by grounded theory. The results of this study showed that the participants had difficulty in adapting to the styles of educating children in Korean families and that they could not help their children do homework by themselves due to the limited personal relationships, the shortage of information about educating children, and an lack of organized education programs on Korean culture and history. Thus, they solved these problems by depending on different extracurricular activities and thus incurred a financial burden to support these activities. This led to excessive amounts of time and energy to earn the money to support the activities, which gave them few opportunities to acquire information on educating children by, for example, meeting with others. This explained their dependency on different extracurricular activities so as to solve the problem of their educating children. In an effort to seek ways to break this vicious circle, this study emphasized that policies related to educating children in multicultural families should focus on helping multicultural families strengthen their abilities to educate their children fundamentally.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.319-328
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• 2003

With the proliferation of WWW, providing more intelligence to Web sites has become a major concern in e-business industry. In recent days, this trend is more accelerated by prosperity of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) in terms of various aspects such as product recommendation, self after service, etc. To accomplish this goal, many e-companies are eager to embed web enabled rule-based system, that is, expert systems into their Web sites and several well-known commercial tools are already available in the market. Most of those tools are developed based on CGI so far but CGI based systems inherently suffer over-burden problem when there are too many service demands at the same time due to the nature of CGI. To overcome this limitation of the existing CGI based expert systems, we propose a new form of Web-enabled expert system using hyperlink-based inference mechanism. In terms of burden to Web server, our approach is proven to outperform CGI based approach theoretically and also empirically. For practical purpose, our this approach is implemented in a software system, WeBIS and a graphic rule editing methodology, Expert Diagram is incorporated into the system to facilitates rule generation and maintenance. WeBIS is now successfully operated for financial consulting in the web site of a leading financial consulting company in Korea.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

It is generally considered from the point of view of macroeconomics that inflation has an effect favorable to the owners of tangible assets in the allocation of assets and lightens the burden of debtors in the redemption of their liabilities. But, this effect of inflation has not yet been fully verified in the case of individual firms. Accordingly, in this article I will examine the effect of inflation on the financial and investment decisions of individual companies.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.25
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• pp.321-337
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• 2008

The house price rise suddenly is not only Economic stability but economic, mental state of a heavy burden to people. This paper is a house finance environment analyzed in this research about the rise factor of the house price and the result to present the plan to the natural disposition. The financial institute has an influence on the disguised demand extension of the house and The mortgage Lending in commercial Banks with the earnings as the stability high than the industry loaning. A house finance environment changes and will go from economic factor of the variety of the life style, the housing conditional according to the income level, a children education condition, and the population structure many this little. The disposition of the house need changes according to this and will have an influence on the house price. Necessary for a house market environment house policy of the market need which the consistency reflects so that we are suitable and is desired.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2017

The main objective of the study is to measure the vulnerability of Indonesia's financial system stability in response to external shocks, including from regional economies namely three biggest Indonesia major trading partners (China, the U.S and Japan) and other external factors (oil price and the federal funds rate). Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Orthogonalized Impulse Response Function (OIRF) with quarterly data over the period Q4 2002 - Q1 2016, results confirm that, 1) oil price response has the largest effect to Indonesia financial stability system and the effect period is the longest compared to others, represented by NPL and IHSG; 2) among those three economies, only China's economic growth has significantly positive effect to Indonesia financial stability system. Based on the findings it is better for the authorities to: 1) Diversify international trade commodities by decreasing share of oil, gas, and mining export and boosting other potential sectors such as manufacture, and fisheries; 2) Ensure the survival of Indonesia large coal exporter companies without neglecting burden of national budget; and 3) Create buffer for demand shock from specific countries by diversifying and increasing share of trading from other countries particularly from ASEAN member states.