• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 1999

It is expected that the electronic money will be a major payment method in the forthcoming electronic finacial system. However, in order for the electronic money to have a widespread use among general public in their dialy life there are many properties that should be satisfied beforehand. In this study, we first analyze the characteristics of the existing electronic money systems, compare various proposals on the electronic money system so far, and then suggest a desirable model of developing an electronic money system for Korean financial institutions. It has been found that the model we propose satisfies the general requirements of the electronic money system. The results of this study will aid in various activities of technology development and standardization. Furthermore, this study will support the initiative effort of Korea in developing inter-country electronic money system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2014

The widespread use of microsurgery in numerous surgical fields has increased the need for basic microsurgical training outside of the operating room. The traditional start of microsurgical training has been in undertaking a 5-day basic microsurgery course. In an era characterised by financial constraints in academic and healthcare institutions as well as increasing emphasis on patient safety, there has been a shift in microsurgery training to simulation environments. This paper reviews the stepwise framework of microsurgical skill acquisition providing a cost analysis of basic microsurgery courses in order to aid planning and dissemination of microsurgical training worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 1986

This study is intended to develop a scale to measure familism. Construction of this scale is based on a sample of 448 married males and females living in Seoul. This scale to measure familism is developed by employing a type of item analysis method called correlation analysis. 13 items are selected by correlation analysis, and these are found statistically significant even by analysis based on the criterion of internal consistency. Validity of this scale is evidenced by logical validation, jury opinion and independent criteria. Reliability estimate assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficients is .759. This scale comprises the following 4 aspects of familism: 1) Support for filial piety and ancestor worship. 2) Integration of individual activities into family ones for achievement of family objectives. 3) Obligation to support individual family members and give them financial assistance when needed, on the assumption that properties such as land, money, etc. belong to family. 4) Mutual aid in psychological and social aspects between parents and married children, and married children and their married siblings. It is concluded that this familism scale represents an improvement on other measure of familism, but that a number of methodological issues remain to be further studied.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2006

One of the most important service industries that emerged in the last decade is "Higher Education". The most of the higher education institutes involve in marketing efforts to build up a good image, to improve the level of satisfaction of students and the stakeholders, to gain competitive advantage with respect to competitors and as well as to increase their market share. Within this intense competition universities should identify and meet the expectations of students to attract more and to retain the existing students. This study is to gain more insights into the dimensions of satisfaction of the university students and factors that affecting their judgments. SSI educational experience questionnaire is used to identify the importance and performance perceptions of students' in Eastern Mediterranean University among different dimensions and also study find out the difference between importance and performance scores of eleven educational experience dimensions. Results show that "Academic Advising", "Instruction Effectiveness", "Recruitment and Financial Aid" and "Student Centeredness" was very important to students. Study also provides managerial implications as well.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

IMO has enacted a convention that air pollution due to emissions of ships and sulfur oxides emissions should be significantly reduced by 2020. Based on the current support policies, this work intended to draw up the government support plans required by the shipping companies. Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis was done with factors derived from brainstorming and literature studies. The analysis results showed that the cost factor was generally the most important criterion and the Financial Aid was relatively more important within this cost factor. The policy implications for the regulation of sulfur oxides emissions was provided.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.318-326
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• 2007

This research aims to investigate into Official Development Assistance (ODA), which may be regarded as assistance or aid to increase competitiveness in the overseas construction field through presenting, in the initial step of construction projects, schemes to secure financial resources to those who place orders. In this research, the present author analyzes ODA of advanced countries and S.Korea and distributes and collects questionnaires to experts in related fields in order to investigate into the current state and problems of overseas construction and ODA.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2015

Since the mid-2000s, Korean large-sized construction companies have pursued in earnest to expand their business to global construction market in surroundings that domestic market have a continuous and long-term stagnation. However, during last a few years, they have experienced the serious financial loss from international projects. In the meantime, for the sound improvement of Korean construction industry, many stakeholders long for efficient early warning signals to generally monitor and track the potential risks of international projects. In this study, we introduce an International Project Risk Index (IPRI), which is derived from massive data provided by large-sized companies, and expect to provide the practitioners and decision makers as an aid to proactively cope with the change of the potential risks. The outcomes from the IPRI can be utilized to prepare a timely management strategy and to establish an appropriate government support regulation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2019

Background: South Korea operates a Medical Aid (MA) program targeting selected low-income individuals to ensure medical service delivery to the disadvantaged while enhancing self-sufficiency of work-capable beneficiaries. However, as reasons behind welfare exits are diverse and do not always infer poverty relief or the provision of appropriate levels of health care services, this study aimed to investigate the association between changes in MA status and health care utilization. Methods: This study used the 2006 to 2015 National Health Insurance claims data. The impact of changes in annual MA status on health care utilization (yearly number of outpatient visits, inpatient visits, length of stay, and emergency department [ED] visits) was investigated using the generalized estimating equation model. Results: In 117,943 adult subjects aged 20 to 64, compared to the 'MA to MA' group, the 'MA to MA exit' group showed general decreases in utilization (outpatient visits: β=-3.93, p<0.0001; hospital admissions: relative risk [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.91; length of stay: β=-3.64, p<0.0001; ED visits: RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.90). Similar patterns were found in the 'MA exit to MA exit' group (outpatient visits: β=-5.72, p<0.0001; admissions: RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94; length of stay: β=-5.87; p<0.0001; ED visits: RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.88). Likewise, in 74,747 older adult subjects aged 65 or above, the 'MA to MA exit' group showed reduced levels of utilization (outpatient visits: β=-1.51; p=0.0020), as well as the 'MA exit to MA exit' group (admissions: RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95; length of stay: β, -5.45; p<0.0001; ED visits: RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97). Conclusion: MA exit was associated with general decreases in health care utilization. Utilization patterns of individuals with experiences of receiving MA benefits should be monitored to promote the ideal use of health care services while preventing potential financial barriers present in accessing medical care.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-160
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• 2016

The official development assistance (ODA) accompanies an interstate financial transaction, such as trade, foreign direct investment, and money transfer. ODA policy has designated several purposes. Among them, political purposes have been considered to be the key factors in the regional distribution of foreign aid. If we agree the traditional approach that recognizes ODA as a 'political one', the practice of ODA can be a kind of state geopolitics. This study investigates the construction and characteristics of geopolitical discourses. More specifically, this study pays special attention to the 'practical geopolitics' that is crucial to the policy-making. By analyzing the minutes of the National Assembly Standing Committee, four geopolitical discourses were identified: 'practicing humanities as a developed country', 'providing a role model to developing countries', 'developing new foreign markets' and 'coping with global geopolitics'. These geopolitical discourses have been constructed through the process of justifying the ODA policy to the domestic and international audiences. Constructing discourses on ODA shows the representation of a dichotomous and typical image of developed/developing.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2001

There has been pointed out that a great portion of hospitalized patients stay in hospitals longer than necessary, often even after the completion of necessary care. This causes that hospital resources are not used efficiently. In order to identify underlying forces in postponing inpatients' discharge, this study aimed to investigate reasons for long-term stay of patients admitted in general hospitals. A total of 135 patients, who were staying at 7 general hospitals in Inchon and Kyonggi-Do for more than 60 days, were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire between April 3 and April 10, 2000. Medical reasons including incompleteness of necessary care, difficulty in receiving outpatient-based care, and being under physical therapy were the most significant factors associated with long-term stay, followed by the lack of familial resources to take care of patients after discharge. Financial problems such as inability to pay for hospital bills were not significant factors influencing long-term stay. Regression analyses were conducted for medical reasons, familial resources, and financial problems, respectively. It was shown that receiving physical therapy and the number of admission in the past were significant predictors for medical reasons. The lack of familial resources as a reason for long-term stay had a positive relationship with the degree of need for aid in daily living. It may be recommended for the hospitals to cope with administrative problems due to the patients' long-term stay, considering the reasons of it, and their characteristics. And also, institutional efforts like vitalizing the home care service systems by hospitals as the continuing care after discharge should be needed.