• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.8C
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• pp.689-696
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• 2010

The goal of this paper is to present a novel method for protecting digital image using 2-D cellular automata transform (CAT). A copyright and transform coefficients are used to generate a new content-based copyright and an original digital image is distributed without any hidden copyright. The parameter, which is called gateway value, for 2-D CAT is consisted of rule number, initial configuration, lattice length, number of neighbors, and etc. Since 2-D CAT has various gateway values, it is more secure than conventional methods. The proposed algorithm is verified using attacked images such as filtering, cropping, JPEG compression, and rotation for robustness.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2017

Metal nanoparticles have been intensively studied within the past decade. Nano-sized materials have been an important subject in basic and applied sciences. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their unique antibacterial, antifungal, and UV filtering properties, high catalytic and photochemical activity. In this study, microbiological aspects of scale formation in PVC pipelines bacteria and fungi were isolated. In the emerging issue of increased multi-resistant properties in water borne pathogens, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle are being used increasingly as antimicrobial agents. Thus, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungal concentration of ZnO nanoparticles towards pathogens microbe were examined in this study. The results obtained suggested that ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a good anti fungal activity than bactericidal effect towards all pathogens tested in in-vitro disc diffusion method (170 ppm, 100 ppm and 30 ppm). ZnO nanoparticles can be a potential antimicrobial agent due to its low cost of production and high effectiveness in antimicrobial properties, which may find wide applications in various industries to address safety issues. Stable ZnO nanoparticles were prepared and their shape and size distribution characterized by Dynamic light scattering (35.7 nm) and transmission electron microscopic TEM study for morphology identification (20 nm), UV-visible spectroscopy (230 nm), X-ray diffraction (FWHM of more intense peak corresponding to 101 planes located at $36.33^{\circ}$ using Scherrer's formula), FT-IR (Amines, Alcohols, Carbonyl and Nitrate ions), Zeta potential (-28.8). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated against Bacteria and Fungi present in drinking water PVC pipelines biofilm. In these tests, Muller Hinton agar plates were used and ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations were supplemented in solid medium.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.699-706
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• 2008

H.264/AVC is a new international standard for the compression of video images, in which a deblocking filter has been adopted to remoye blocking artifacts. This paper proposes an efficient architecture of deblocking filter in H.264/AVC. By making good use of data dependence between neighboring $4{\times}4$ blocks, the memory sire is reduced and the throughput of the deblocking filter processing is increased. The designed deblocking filter further enhances the parallelism by simultaneously executing horizontal and vertical filtering within a macroblock in pipeline method and adopting overlap between macroblocks. The implementation result shows that the proposed architecture enhances the performance of deblocking filter processing from 1.75 to 4.23 times than that of the conventional deblocking filter. Hence the Proposed architecture of deblocking filter is able to perform real-time deblocking in high-resolution($2048{\times}1024$) video applications.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.409-420
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• 2007

Since 1988, pine wilt disease has spread over rapidly in Korea. It is not easy to detect the damaged pine trees by pine wilt disease from conventional remote sensing skills. Thus, many possibilities were investigated to detect the damaged pines using various kinds of remote sensing data including high spatial resolution satellite image of 2000/2003 IKONOS and 2005 QuickBird, aerial photos, and digital airborne data, too. Time series of B&W aerial photos at the scale of 1:6,000 were used to validate the results. A local maximum filtering was adapted to determine whether the damaged pines could be detected or not at the tree level from high resolution satellite images, and to locate the damaged trees. Several enhancement methods such as NDVI and image transformations were examined to find out the optimal detection method. Considering the mean crown radius of pine trees, local maximum filter with 3 pixels in radius was adapted to detect the damaged trees on IKONOS image. CIR images of 50 cm resolution were taken by PKNU-3(REDLAKE MS4000) sensor. The simulated CIR images with resolutions of 1 m, 2 m, and 4 m were generated to test the possibility of tree detection both in a stereo and a single mode. In conclusion, in order to detect the pine tree damaged by pine wilt disease at a tree level from satellite image, a spatial resolution might be less than 1 m in a single mode and/or 1 m in a stereo mode.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.203-208
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• 2019

Digital watermarking was developed to protect copyright by discouraging the illegal copying of digital content. On the other hand, recently, watermarking has also been used to verify the integrity of digital content, such as medical images, and detect illegal manipulation or distortion locations. Watermarking should be tenacious so as to protect copyright from illegal copying and should remain firm to the content through a range of attacks, such as distortion or filtering. At the same time, however, it should be removed easily even in a slight transformation of the material to verify the integrity. Therefore, this paper proposes a watermarking technique that easily checks and verifies the deformation or manipulation of digital images. In the proposed method, the entire image was examined in $16{\times}16$ blocks to check for deformation of the image. When deformation was detected, further inspection proceeded in $4{\times}4$ blocks and the location where deformation occurred was identified.

• KSCI Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.241-248
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• 2006

The recognition of a relatively big and rarely movable object. such as refrigerator and air conditioner, etc. is necessary because these objects can be crucial global stable features of Simultaneous Localization and Map building(SLAM) in the indoor environment. In this paper. we propose a novel method to recognize these big objects using a sequence of 3D scenes. The particles representing an object to be recognized are scattered to the environment and then the probability of each particles is calculated by the matching test with 3D lines of the environment. Based on the probability and degree of convergence of particles, we can recognize the object in the environment and the pose of object is also estimated. The experimental results show the feasibility of incremental object recognition based on particle filtering and the application to SLAM

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

In this paper, we implemented a system to measure respiration rate with nonrestraint sensors comfortable for people to do their everyday life. The proposed system consists of a pad covered with a Piezoelectric sensor, a respiration measuring device able to send the signal data after amplifying and filtering the source signals to the viewer, a viewer providing sensor data visualization and implementing the respiration measuring algorithm. The algorithm is based on a breathing cycle with the local peak points extracted from threshold on sensor data. Respiration measurements on 3 subjects were performed by changing moving averages and thresholds. The proposed system showed less than 5% error rate when proper moving averages are N=50~60 and a range of thresholds is 800~1300. The system will contribute to preventing suffocation during sleep for infants and the elderly living alone.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.83-93
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• 2021

Agricultural reservoirs are important facilities for storing or managing water for the purpose of securing agricultural water, creating and expanding agricultural production bases, and using them to increase agricultural production. In particular, the Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) manages agricultural reservoirs scattered across the country, and officially recognizes and distributes hydrological data to increase their public utilization and aims to improve the value of water resources. Data on the water level of agricultural reservoirs are important. However, errors such as missing values and outliners limit utilization of the data in various fields of research and industry. Therefore, water quality data measures should be devised to increase reliability. this study categorized different error types and looked at automatic correction methods to enhance the reliability of the vast hydrological data. In addition, the water level data corrected from errors were compared to the reference hydrologic data through expert judgment in accordance with the quality control procedure, and the most appropriate measures were verified. As KRC manages more agricultural reservoirs than any other institution, the proposed method of efficient and automatic water level data correction in this study is expected to increase the availability and reliability of the hydrological data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1413-1420
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• 2018

The VR / AR market has grown significantly due to the development of virtual reality and augmented reality in the core technology field of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Since VR is basically focused on space and time, and the human brain is very sensitive to temporal events, it is important to make accurate I / O interface technology, one of the virtual reality technologies, not to affect the brain's cognitive ability. VR depends on the technology of the hardware such as the display and the sensor for biometric signal recognition. In this paper, in order to prevent the sensitive brain from affecting the sensor device in consideration of hardware dependency of VR, it is necessary to make various corrections to lower the motion to photon (MTP) to 20m / s or less experiments on the method and filtering were carried out.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

Recently, software education has been emphasized as a key element of the fourth industrial revolution. Many universities are strengthening the software education for all students according to the needs of the times. The use of online content is an effective way to introduce SW education for all students. However, the provision of uniform online contents has limitations in that it does not consider individual characteristics(major, sw interest, comprehension, interests, etc.) of students. In this study, we propose a recommendation method that utilizes the directional similarity between contents in the boolean view history data environment. We propose a new item-based recommendation formula that uses the confidence value of association rule analysis as the similarity level and apply it to the data of domestic paid contents site. Experimental results show that the recommendation accuracy is improved than when using the traditional collaborative recommendation using cosine or jaccard for similarity measurements.