• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Plastic parts are molded for the purpose of mass production in injection molding. Therefore designer is usually designing molds that has geometrically balanced hot runner lay-out for filling balance at cavities. Although, mold is manufactured with geometrically balanced runner lay-out, there are actually filling imbalances in cavities. These filling imbalances phenomenon are caused by complicated interaction between melt and mold. In this paper, filling imbalances for internal gear based on injection molding in hot-runner mold were investigated by CAE and injection molding experiences.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.175-176
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• 2006

The filling property of the binder treated iron based powder made of atomized iron powder was compared with that of the one made of reduced iron powder. The latter one showed a better filling property than the former one, although the original reduced powder showed a worse flow rate. Changing the particle size distribution of the original atomized powder from wide to narrow like the original reduced iron powder, improved the filling property of the binder treated powder. As a result, the particle size distribution of the original iron powder was found to strongly affect the filling property of the binder treated powder.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.541-552
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• 2020

With the increasing tension of current coal resources and the increasing depth of coal mining, the gob-side entry retaining technology has become a preferred coal mining method in underground coal mines. Among them, the technology of the gob-side entry retaining with the high-water filling material can not only improve the recovery rate of coal resources, but also reduce the amount of roadway excavation. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the high-water filling material, the technological process of gob-side entry retaining with the high-water filling material is introduced. The early and late stress states of the filling body formed by the high-water filling materials are analyzed and studied. Taking the 8th floor No.3 working face of Xin'an coal mine as engineering background, the stress and displacement of surrounding rock of roadway with different filling body width are analyzed through the FLAC^3D numerical simulation software. As the filling body width increases, the supporting ability of the filling body increases and the deformation of the surrounding rock decreases. According to the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of the filling body width, the filling body width is finally determined to be 3.5m. Through the field observation, the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is within the reasonable range. It is concluded that the gob-side entry retaining with the high-water filling material can control the deformation of the surrounding rock, which provides a reference for gob-side entry retaining technology with similar geological conditions.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.54-57
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• 2004

Almost all injection molds have multi-cavity runner for mass production, which are designed with geometrically balanced runner system in order to minimize filling imbalance between cavity to cavity during processing. However, even though geometrically balanced runner is used, filling imbalances have sometimes been observed. These filling imbalances have historically been considered as result of uneven mold temperature and mold deflection, but it actually results from non-symmetrically shear, pressure, temperature distribution within melt material as it flows through the runner system. Filling imbalance could be decreased by modifying processing conditions that are related to shear, pressure, temperature such as injection rate, mold temperature, injection pressure, melt temperature. In this study, a series of experiment was conducted using Taguchi method to determine which processing condition influence as the primary cause of filling imbalance in geometrically balanced runner system. As a result of experiments, this paper could present an optimal processing condition to minimize variable that brings about filling imbalance geometrically balanced runner system

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2000

This study was conducted in order to find an ideal working fluid kind and a proper filling amount in the heat pipe as well as an inclined angle of heat pipe when they are placed to recover exhaust gas heat in the hot air heater. Followings are the findings of this research. 1. Of the four different working fluids-gasoline kerosene distilled water and acetone-acetone filled heat pipe showed the best performance giving out more homogeneous temperature profile on the radiating part than the kerosene and gasoline heat pipe an carrying out heat transmitting function better than the distilled water heat pipe by 10~2$0^{\circ}C$ higher on the radiating part. Acetone would be a good choice for recycling of exhaust gas heat in the hot air heater. 2. Of the filling amount of working fluid inside the heat pipes dry-out situations possible caused by insufficient filling were found in the filling amount of 5, 7.5 and 10% heat pipes as heat supply rate increases gradually in the range of 50 to 15kJ/sec. but no dry-out and stabilized heat transmitting performance occurred in the heat pipes of 12.5 and 15% filling at the same heat supply rate. It recommends that filling amount shall exceed 12.5% at least with the working fluids of this experiment. 3. The test revealed that the heat transmitting performance of heat pipe was more affected by filling amount rather than inclined angle.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

In vitro culture of panicle has been the method to accumulate starch and protein in immature grains by providing nutrients after florets crossed between remote genotypes artificially. Grain filling means embryo development and sucrose translocation from photosynthetic source, and starch manufacture in endosperm. The concentrations of sucrose used to culture immature rice panicle were 5, 10, 15, 20% and glutamine was 20 mM. When immature rice panicles at 5 days after flowering were cultured in distilled water with different concentrations of sucrose, glutamine 20 mM and MS medium with different concentrations of sucrose, glutamine 20 mM for 30 days the later was effective on grain filling. The optimal concentration of sucrose on grain filling in vitro culture of rice panicle was 10% and the weight of grain cultured was 10.14 mg that was corresponded to 57% of intact plant. In the method of treating plant growth regulators, the culture of immature rice panicle adding in MS medium with Kinetin, IAA, $\textrm{GA}_3$ were effective on grain filling than the culturing of immature rice panicle after submerging in solutions of Kinetin, IAA, $\textrm{GA}_3$ for 1day. When immature rice panicle was cultured in MS medium with sucrose 10% and Kinetin 46.47 $\mu$M it was effective on grain filling, respectively. The weight of grain cultured was 13.1mg that was corresponded to 75% of intact and germination rate was 51 %. When immature rice panicles were cultured in medium with different concentrations combined with Kinetin 4.65, 46.47, 464.7 $\mu\textrm{M}$, IAA 5.71, 57.08, 570.80 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 30 days and in medium with IAA 5.71, 57.08, 570.80 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 15 days after culturing in medium with Kinetin 4.65, 46.47, 464.70 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 15 days the effect on grain filling was similar.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1988

벼의 등숙기간중에 발생하는 수발아 피해를 경감시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하기 위하여 품종간 수발아성 비교, 출수후 종자발달에 따른 발아율 비교, 등숙기의 생장조절제 처리가 수발아에 미치는 영향 등을 조사 및 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보통기 보비 재배한 포장에서의 수발아성은 일반형중 조생종들이 높았고 중만생종과 통일형 품종들은 수발아가 되지 않았다. 2. 일반형 품종인 대성벼는 출수후 30일, 통일형인 태백벼는 35일이 경과되면 발아력이 높아져 종자로서의 발아조건은 충분히 갖추어진 것으로 보여진다. 3. 공시한 두 품종 및 3처리시기에서 모두 수발아 억제에는 NAA 및 CMH는 100ppm 그리고 Reglone은 0.4∼0.6%의 농도에서 효과가 가장컸다. 4. 생장조절제가 처리된 종자의 발아율은 공시된 두 품종 모두 NAA와 CMH는 무처리와 차이없이 양호 하였으나 Reglone 이 처리된 종자의 발아율은 낮았다. 5. 생장조절제가 처리된 두 품종의 등숙율은 NAA와 CMH는 무처리와 차이가 없었으나 Reglone처리 구는 낮았고 종자 색갈은 NAA만이 무처리와 비슷하였으며 CMH와 Reglone 은 농도가 높아짐에 따라 다갈색을 띄는 미립이 많았다. 도정특성을 보면 NAA는 무처리와 차이가 없었고 CMH 및 Reglone을 출수후 20∼30일에 처리한 구는 완전현미비율이 낮았다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.644-647
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• 2009

In this paper, the study is researched for related safety standards having experiments concerning temperature changes in type IV cylinder of the Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Experiments were performed to acquire temperature data of type IV cylinder according to filling time. The experimental results are shown that internal temperatures of type Ⅳ vessel are over $85^{\circ}C$ at all measured points after 5 minutes at filling 35 MPa and the highest temperature is getting lower when the residual gases are more remained. Consequently, the safety standards need properly limited value through further study for filling flow rate and filling time.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.59-59
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important crop and its yield must be improved to feed the increasing global population. Recently developed high-yielding varieties with extra-large sink capacity often have a problem in unstable grain-filling. Therefore, understanding limiting factors for improving grain-filling and controlling them are essential for further improvement of rice grain yield. However, since grain-filling rate was determined by complex sink-source balance, the ability of grain-filling was very difficult to evaluate. Source ability for 'grain' was not only determined by the ability of carbon assimilation in leaves, but also that of carbon translocation from leaves to panicles. Sink strength was determined by the complex carbon metabolism from sucrose degradation to starch synthesis. Hence, to evaluate the grain-filling ability and determine its regulatory steps, the whole picture of carbon flow from photosynthesis at leaves to starch synthesis at grains must be revealed in a metabolite level. In this study, the yield and grain growth rate of three high-yielding varieties, which show high sink capacity commonly, were compared. Momiroman showed lower grain filling rate and slower grain growth rate than the other varieties, Hokuriku 193 and Tequing. To clarify the limiting point in the carbon flow of Momiroman, $CO_2$ labeled by stable isotope ($^{13}C$) was fed to three varieties during ripening period. The ratio of $^{13}C$ left in the stem was higher in Momiroman 24 hours after feeding, suggesting inefficient carbon translocation of Momiroman. More interestingly, $^{13}C$ translocation from soluble fraction to insoluble one in the grain seemed to be slower in Momiroman. To get the further insight in a metabolite level, we are now trying the $^{13}C$ labeling metabolome analysis in the developing grains.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1986

참깨의 신품종육성을 위한 기초자료를 마련코자 527품종 중에서 분지의 유무, 착과성 및 삭실방에 따라 분류한 8개 초형에 대하여 각 2개씩의 품종을 공시하여 초형에 따를 착삭위치별 등숙율의 차이에 대하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 주경중앙삭에서는 등숙률이 중ㆍ하위간에 큰차리를 나타내지는 않았으나 측삭에서는 하위>중위>상위의 순으로 좋았으며 중앙삭이 측삭보다 양호한 등숙을 보였다. 2. 분지에서는 하위>상위, 중앙삭>측삭의 순으로 높았다. 3. 1과성형은 3과성형보다, 단경형은 분지형보다 등숙이 양호하였는데 3과성형에서는 측삭, 분지형에서는 분지삭에서의 등숙불량이 3과성형과 분지형의 등숙을 저하시키는 원인이 되었다. 4. NMB (단경, 1과성 2실 4방)형은 양호한 등숙을 보였으며, BTB(분지, 3과성 2실 4방)형은 중 정도의 등숙을 보였으나 가장 많은 sink를 보유하여 수양성에서는 가장 유리할 것으로 생각된다. 5. NTQ(단경, 3과성 4실 8방)형과 BTQ(분지, 3과성 4실 8방)형과 BTQ(분지, 3과성 4실 8방)형은 상위측삭에서 결실이 안되어 전체등숙은크게 떨어졌으나 NMQ, BMQ형 등은 같은 4실 8방형이면서도 3과성형과는 달리 양호한 등숙을 보여 3과성 4실 8방형에서도 source를 확대하여 양분공급을 늘린다면 대형삭의 이점을 살린 이상초형이 될 것으로 생각된다.