• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1B
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• pp.86-100
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• 2004

To provide the end-to-end service differentiation for assured services, the random early demotion and promotion (REDP) marker in the edge router at each domain boundary monitors the aggregate flow of the incoming in-profile packets and demotes in-profile packets or promotes the previously demoted in-profile packets at the aggregate flow level according to the negotiated interdomain service level agreement (SLA). The REDP marker achieves UDP fairness in demoting and promoting packets through random and early marking decisions on packets. But, TCP fairness of the REDP marker is not obvious as for UDP sources. In this paper, to improve TCP fairness of the REDP marker, we propose a modified REDP marker where we combine a dropper, meters and a token filling rate configuration component with the REDP marker. To make packet transmission rates of TCP flows more fair, at the aggregate flow level the combined dropper drops incoming excessive in-profile packets randomly with a constant probability when the token level in the leaky bucket stays in demotion region without incoming demoted in-profile packets. Considering the case where the token level cannot stay in demotion region without the prior demotion, we propose a token filling rate configuration method using traffic meters. By using the token filling rate configuration method, the modified REDP marker newly configures a token filling rate which is less than the negotiated rate determined by interdomain SLA and larger than the current input aggregate in-profile traffic rate. Then, with the newly configured token filling rate, the token level in the modified REDP marker can stay in demotion region pertinently fir the operation of the dropper to improve TCP fairness. We experiment with the modified REDP marker using ns2 simulator fur TCP sources at the general case where the token level cannot stay in demotion region without the prior demotion at the negotiated rate set as the bottleneck link bandwidth. The simulation results demonstrate that through the combined dropper with the newly configured token filling rate, the modified REDP marker also increases both aggregate in-profile throughput and link utilization in addition to TCP fairness improvement compared to the REDP marker.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2005

For mass production, usually injection mold has multi-cavity which is filled through geometrical balanced runner system. Despite geometrical balanced runner system, filling imbalances between cavity to cavity have always been observed. These filing imbalances are one of the most significant factors to affect quality of plastic parts when molding plastic parts in multi-cavity injection mold. Filling imbalances are results from non-symmetrical shear rate distribution within melt as it flows through the runner system. It has been possible to decrease filling imbalance by optimizing processing conditions, but it has not completely eliminated this phenomenon during injection molding processing. This paper presents a solution of these filling imbalances through using 'runner core pin'. The runner core pin which is developed in this study creates a symmetrical shear distribution within runner. As a result of using runner core pin, a remarkable improvement in reducing filling imbalance was confirmed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.397-401
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to know the characteristics of kernel growth as affected by various temperature regimes during grain filling using the varieties Hwaseongbyeo, Ilpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo. The rice plants tested were grown in the natural condition at 1/5000a Wagner pots until flowering. After flowering, the rice plants were moved to controlled temperature conditions in a phytotron. The minimum/maximum daily temperature in the phytotron was controlled by 12/18, 15/21, 18/24, 21/27, and 24/$30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The grain weights were measured every three days after treatment. The mean daily kernel growth rate during active grain filling period showed different responses among varieties under various temperature regimes. The kernel growth rate of Chucheongbyeo was seriously reduced as temperature regimes were decreased. However, that of Ilpumbyeo was not influenced so critically. Ilpumbyeo showed some advantages in grain filling under low temperature regimes compared to Chucheongbyeo. The lag phase in grain filling of Chucheongbyeo was the longest among tested varieties, followed by Hwaseongbyeo under daily mean temperature regime of $15^{\circ}C$. Kernel weight of Ilpumbyeo increased fast in early grain filling phase under low temperature. This characteristic may be favorable for grain filling in temperate zone where the daily mean temperature is drastically dropped during grain filling period. Regression analysis with kernel growth rate and temperature showed the estimated critical low temperature for grain filling among varieties were $9^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$, $13^{\circ}C$ in Ilpumbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo and Chucheongbyeo, respectively. Under moderate temperature the duration of grain filling of Ilpumbyeo was longer than that of Chucheongbyeo. However, Under low temperature that of Ilpumbyeo was more favorable than Chucheongbyeo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis fur the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark, weld line, sink mark, short shot and warpage can be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them, the short shot was caused by that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition, as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the frozen phase could not be supplied properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.44-53
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis for the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark weld line, sink ma가 short shot and warpage car be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them the short shot was caused by the fact that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the f개zen phase could not be supplied Properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing Pressure.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2021

This study investigated mechanical property changes by measuring compression factors, resilience, and compressive strength according to packaging pattern and filling rate to identify the applicability of cultural heritage packaging using thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU). Research results indicate that the cross-shaped 3D pattern showed the best resilience when the internal filling rate was 20%, while the octet pattern was the best when the filling rate was either 40 and 60%. The octet pattern had the best mechanical properties and stability with resistance capacities of 20.79 kgf/cm², 40.40 kgf/cm², and 82.23 kgf/cm² at 38%, 39%, and 40% recovery speeds, respectively, depending on the internal filling rate (20, 40, 60%). Based on these results, basic data on the applicability, stability, and reliability of 3D cultural heritage packaging materials using TPU materials were obtained.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2012

Aspect of filling imbalance that is originated from imbalanced share rate in runner is changed by material property, runner layout that are factors of changing viscosity and by injection pressure, injection speed, melt temperature and mold temperature that are injection conditions. In this paper, we made a study of runner system that is one of factor of filling imbalance and Sharp Conner Effect and Groove Corner Effect that are recently released. The study are showed that filling rate of between inside and outside cavity was influenced on shape of runner. Also, we suggested runner system for filling imbalance by adapting the two effects at multi cavity of unary branch type and theoretical investigated flow in the Shrap Conner runner type.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.460-472
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• 2023

This study was conducted based on the case of an accident (excessive deformation) that occurred during the hydraulic test of a shipboard tank manufactured in accordance with the design regulations. Over-pressure phenomenon was noted as the main cause of accidents in the process of testing tanks without physical damage, which can be found in external factors such as cross-sectional difference between inlet pipe and air pipe and higher water filling rate than the recommended one. The main goal of this paper is to establish a safe water filling rate according to the range of sectional area ratio(SAR) reduced below the regulations for each test situation. The simulation was conducted in accordance with the hydraulic test procedure specified in the Ship Safety Act, and the main situation was divided into two types: filling the tank with water and increasing the water head to the test pressure. The structural safety evaluation of the pressure generated inside the tank and the effect on the structure during the test was reviewed according to the SAR range. Based on the results, guidelines for the optimal filling rate applicable according to SAR during the hydraulic test were presented for the shipboard tanks used in this study.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.503-507
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• 1972

Authors had observed the average numbers of the fille teeth per mouth, and the occurrence rates of the secondary caries around the various forms of the filling bodies in 2,093 dental out-patients in the Infirmary, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University in 1970, in order to make a basic data considered in the establishment of the policy for the dental health in Korea. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In Korea, the average number of the filled teeth per mouth in the dental out patients had been increased gradually. 2. In the dental out-patients in 1970, the relative rate of amalgam filling bodies had been decreased, but the relative rate of gold inlays increased compared with the dental out-patients in 1963 and 1964. 3. The secondary caries around the various forms of the filling bodies was 6.38 percent of total caries cavities. 4. 17.14 percent of total filling bodies was accompanied with the secondary caries. 5. The secondary caries had been occurred from the margin in 22.52 percent of amalgam filling bodies, in 8.84 percent of gold inlays, in 18.84 percent of silicate filling bodies, and in 22010 percent of temporary filling bodies.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.25-29
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• 2008

Almost all injection molds have multi-cavity runner system for mass production, which are designed with geometrically balanced runner system in order to accomplish filling balance between cavity to cavity during processing. However, even though geometrically balanced runner is used, filling imbalance have been observed. Filling imbalance could be decreased by modifying processing conditions such as injections rate, mold temperature, injection pressure, melt temperature that are related to shear, viscosity. In this study, a series of experiment was conducted to investigate filling imbalance variation when modifying runner layout and ploymer and to determine which processing condition influences as the primary cause of filling imbalance in geometrically balanced runner system. The filling imbalance was desreased up to result range of $3{\leq}DFI{\leq}8(%)$ by using a new runner system for balanced filling.