• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.315-346
• /
• 2007

A preceding companion article introduced the slot jet approach for large-scale quasi-steady modelling of a downburst outflow. This article extends the approach to model the time-dependent features of the outflow. A two-dimensional slot jet with an actuated gate produces a gust with a dominant roll vortex. Two designs for the gate mechanism are investigated. Hot-wire anemometry velocity histories and profiles are presented. As well, a three-dimensional, subcloud numerical model is used to approximate the downdraft microphysics, and to compute stationary and translating outflows at high resolution. The evolution of the horizontal and vertical velocity components is examined. Comparison of the present experimental and numerical results with field observations is encouraging.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2005

For the evaluating daylighting performance, field measurement, scale model test and a set of computer tools can be applied. For the scale model measurements, the sky simulator is a vital facility to represent the desired sky conditions consistently. Recently K university has developed a large size sky simulator, 6m-diameter and 3.7m-height, that is suitable for the international standard. To verify the reliability of the sky simulator, the luminance distribution on the inner sky surface was measured and compared with the CIE standard overcast sky model. It is found that the sky simulator can be reproduced the CIE standard overcast sky condition with 4.3% as mean difference. K university sky simulator is fully validated for usability and accuracy for daylighting researches.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 1998

A soil-structure interaction (SSI) experiment is being conducted in a seismically active region in Hualien, Taiwan. To obtain earthquake data for quantifying SSI effects and providing a basis to benchmark analysis methods, a 1/4-th scale cylindrical concrete containment model similar in shape to that of a nuclear power plant containment was constructed in the field where both the containment model and its surrounding soil, surface and sub-surface, are extensively instrumented to record earthquake data. In between September 1993 and May 1996, fifteen earthquakes with Richter magnitudes ranging from 4.2 to 6.2 were recorded. The recorded data were analyzed to provide information on the response characteristics of the Hualien soil-structure system, the SSI effects and the ground motion characteristics. The ground response data were analyzed for their variations with depth, with distance from the model structure, and at the same depths along downhole arrays. Variations of soil stiffness and soil-structure system frequencies were also evaluated against maximum ground motion. In addition, the site soil properties were derived based on correlation analysis of the recorded data and then correlated with those from the geotechnical investigation data.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.713-724
• /
• 1996

현장에서의 주요 운송 메카니즘을 연구하기 위하여 시간별 잔존수 농도분포곡선 자료를 이용하였다. 운송개념을 대표하는 모델로서 2개의 상반된 가설에 근기한 모델, 즉 CDE와 CLT모델을 사용하였으며 파라미터 추정을 위하여 깊이별 평균농도자료에 최적화기법을 적용하였으며 잔존수 농도의 도달시간을 나타내는 확율밀도함수를 이용하여 모멘트해석도 시행되었다. 모멘트 해석결과 잔존수농도의 1차 및 2차 시간 모멘트는 침출수농도의 것들보다 크게 나타났다. 또한 시간 모멘트를 이용하여 오염물질 운송시간의 변이도와 확산 파라미터도 도출되었다. 변이도 및 확산계수와 운송거리간의 상관관계는 침출수농도 및 잔존수농도에 대해서 동일하게 나타났다. 이러한 관계를 이용하여 2가지 모델을 검정하였으나 운송거리에 따른 운송파라미터의 불규칙한 변화로 확정적 결론을 얻을 수 없었다. 따라서 첫 번째 깊이에서 얻은 파라미터를 이용하여 다른 깊이에서의 오염물질 운송 방식을 예측하여 실측자료와 비교하여 각 모델을 검정하였다. 그 결과 CLT 모델이 CDE 모델보다 현장실측자료에 근접하였다. 이는 오염물질이 이동함에 따라 완전한 혼합이 발생하는 것이 아니라 상관흐름 즉, "오염물질이 각 층을 통과할 때 빠른 물질은 빠르게 느린 물질은 지속적으로 느리게 움직인다"는 사실을 뒷받침한다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 첨두농도에 대한 CDE 모델의 과대예측은 오염물질 확산의 과소평가에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.343-354
• /
• 2003

재하판과 실제기초의 크기가 상이하므로 평판재하시험으로부터 실제 기초지반의 지지력 및 침하량을 산정할 때, Scale Effect가 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 5종류의 모형기초지반을 형성하고, 크기가 각각 l0cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm인 4가지 크기의 정사각형 평판으로 재하시험을 실시하여 재하판의 크기에 따른 지지력 및 침하 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 분석된 결과를 토대로 하여, 평판재하시험으로부터 실제기초의 지지력 및 침하량을 산정할 때, 모래와 점토의 혼합비율에 따라 Scale Effect를 합리적으로 고려할 수 있도록 식을 제안하였으며, 식에서 지지력 산정계수(a,b)와 침하량 산정계수(c,d)는 모래와 점토의 혼합비율에 따라 구할 수 있도록 그림으로 제시하였다. 지금까지는 현장기초지반에 대한 지지력 및 침하량을 합리적으로 평가할 수 없어 비경제적인 시공이 되어왔으나, 본 연구에서 제안한 지지력 및 침하량 산정방법에서는 모래와 점토의 혼합비율을 고려하여 기초지반의 지지력 및 침하량을 보다 합리적으로 추정할 수 있으므로 기초지반의 안정성 여부에 대한 확신과, 또한 경제적인 시공이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2007

A three-dimensional (3D) unstructured hydrodynamic solver for transient two-phase flows has been developed. A two-fluid three-field model was adopted for the two-phase flows. The three fields represent a continuous liquid, an entrained liquid, and a vapour field. The hydrodynamic solver is for the 3D component of a nuclear system code and the component-scale analysis tools for transient two-phase flows. The finite volume method and unstructured grid are adopted, which are useful for the flows in a complicated geometry. The semi-implicit ICE (Implicit Continuous-fluid Eulerian) numerical scheme has been adapted to the unstructured non-staggered grid. This paper presents the numerical method and the preliminary results of the calculations. The results show that the numerical scheme is robust and predicts the phase change and the flow transitions due to boiling and flashing problems well.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2014

다중구획공간내의 분무화재에 대하여 화재해석모델의 타당성을 파악하기 위해 BRANZFIRE 존 모델과 FDS 필드모델의 해석결과를 실화재 실험결과와 비교하였다. 분무화재 형성에 사용된 연료는 톨루엔과 메탄올이며 개방된 ISO-9705 공간에서 화재실험을 수행하여 발열량을 측정하였다. 화재발생공간과 복도공간에서 FDS 모델의 예측온도는 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으며 존 모델의 경우도 해석모델의 단순함에도 불구하고 만족할 만한 결과를 제공했다. FDS 모델의 타당성을 평가한 결과, 화재해석의 평균온도는 최대 오차 25% 범위에서 실험결과와 일치하고 있으며 전체 위치에 대한 평균값은 ${\pm}10%$ 이내로 신뢰할 만한 결과를 제공했다. 본 연구는 타당성 평가를 바탕으로 화재해석모델의 적용범위를 확대하고 모델한계를 설정함과 동시에 신뢰성 높은 화재안전성 평가에 활용하기 위한 근거자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제29권spc1호
• /
• pp.309-311
• /
• 1996

It is analysed the discrepancy about the coronal magnetic field between solar optic and solar radio using magnetic fibril concept with filling factor and fractal structure model. The magnetic field of $\~$ 100 G considered in solar optics is mean value in a large scale, and that of $\~$1000 G in solar should be the value of fine structures inside 'macro' loop.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2014

Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) is one of effective Best Management Practices (BMPs) to prevent sediment-laden water problem, is installed at the edge of source area such agricultural area so that sediment occurred in source area is trapped by VFS before it flow into stream or river. Appropriate scale of it needs to be simulated before it is installed, considering various field conditions. In this study, a model using VFSMOD-w model and Genetic Algorithm to determine effective VFS length was developed, it is available to calibrate input parameter related to source area sediment yield through thousands of VFSMOD-w simulations. Useful DBs, moreover, are stored in the model so that very specific input parameters can be used with reasonable values. Compared simulated values to observed data values for calibration, R2 and Nash-Stucliffe model efficiency coefficient were 0.74 and 0.65 in flow comparison, and 0.89 and 0.79 in sediment comparison. The model determined 1.0 m of Filter Length, 0.18 of Filter Slope, and 0.2 cm of Filter Media Spacing to reduce 80% of sediment by VFS. The model has not only Auto-Calibration module also DBs for specific input parameters, thus, the model is expected to be used for effective VFS scale.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.371-391
• /
• 2021

Tornadoes are the most devastating meteorological natural hazards. Many empirical and theoretical numerical models of tornado vortex have been proposed, because it is difficult to carry out direct measurements of tornado velocity components. However, most of existing numerical models fail to explain the physical structure of tornado vortices. The present paper proposes a new empirical numerical model for a tornado vortex, and its load effects on a low-rise and a tall building are calculated and compared with those for existing numerical models. The velocity components of the proposed model show clear variations with radius and height, showing good agreement with the results of field measurements, wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics. Normal stresses in the columns of a low-rise building obtained from the proposed model show intermediate values when compared with those obtained from existing numerical models. Local forces on a tall building show clear variation with height and the largest local forces show similar values to most existing numerical models. Local forces increase with increasing turbulence intensity and are found to depend mainly on reference velocity Uref and moving velocity Umov. However, they collapse to one curve for the same normalized velocity Uref / Umov. The effects of reference radius and reference height are found to be small. Resultant fluctuating force of generalized forces obtained from the modified Rankine model is considered to be larger than those obtained from the proposed model. Fluctuating force increases as the integral length scale increases for the modified Rankine model, while they remain almost constant regardless of the integral length scale for the proposed model.