• 제목/요약/키워드: Field wall

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CWS공법(Buried Wale Continuous Wall System)을 적용한 Up-Up 시공사례 (Field Application of Up-Up Construction Using Buried Wale Continuous Walt System Method)

  • 이정배;임인식;김동현;오보환;하인호;임홍철
    • 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-4
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    • 2006
  • A down construction method is frequently used in these days to reduce popular discontent and to assure sufficient working space at early stage in downtown area. There are two main problems in the existing down construction method. One is a confliction between frame works and excavation works, and the other is a cold joint in retaining wall which is unavoidable due to a sequence of concrete placement and induces a water leakage. Therefore, a new method is needed to overcome these problems. The CWS (buried wale Continuous Wall System) method was developed by authors. By replacing RC perimeter beam with embedded steel wale, the steel frame works of substructure can be simplified and the water leakage can be prevented using continuous retaining wall. Consequently, the improved duality and reduction of construction period can be obtained from CWS method.

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역 T형 옹벽에 뒤채움다짐으로 유발된 횡토압의 현장계측 (Field Measurements of Compaction-Induced Lateral Earth Pressure on a Reversed-T Type Retaining Wall)

  • 정성교;이만렬;정진교
    • 한국지반공학회지:지반
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.5-18
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    • 1995
  • 높이 4m의 역 T형 옹벽에 다짐으로 뒤채움할 경우에 유발되는 토압을 측정하기 위하여 3개월 동안에 현장실험을 실시하였다. 옹벽에 작용하는 토압은 뒤채움이 완료된 후 시일이 경과함에 따라 큰 폭으로 변화하였으며, 옹벽의 변위와도 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 토압의 계측결과는 강성옹벽에 적용가능한 이론식에 의한 것보다 훨씬 크게 얻어졌었다. 유한요소해석에 의하여 얻어진 결과는 계측치와의 사이에 정량적인 차이는 있지만, 비교적 좋은 경향성을 보여 주었다. 그리고 기존의 이론식에서 보인 과소평가는 뒤채움이 진행되는 동안에 유발되는 옹벽의 변위 때문인 것으로 생각되었다.

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Seismic performance of moment resisting steel frames retrofitted with coupled steel plate shear walls with different link beams

  • Amir Masoumi Verki;Adolfo Preciado;Pegah Amiri Motlagh
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.591-609
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    • 2023
  • In some buildings, the lateral structural response of steel framed buildings depends on the shear walls and it is very important to study the behavior of these elements under near-field seismic loads. The link beam in the opening of the shear wall between two wall plates is investigated numerically in terms of behavior and effects on frames. Based on the length of the beam and its bending and shear behavior, three types of models are constructed and analyzed, and the behavior of the frames is also compared. The results show that by reducing the length of the link beam, the base shear forces reduce about 20%. The changes in the length of the link beam have different effects on the degree of coupling. Increasing the length of the link beam increases the base shear about 15%. Also, it has both, a positive and a negative effect on the degree of coupling. The increasing strength of the coupling steel shear wall is linearly related to the yield stress of the beam materials, length, and flexural stiffness of the beam. The use of a shorter link beam will increase the additional strength and consequently improving the behavior of the coupling steel shear wall by reducing the stresses in this element. The link beam with large moment of inertia will also increase about 25% the additional strength and as a result the coefficient of behavior of the shear wall.

캔틸레버 옹벽의 거동에 대한 수치해석적 연구 (Numerical Analysis on Behavior of Cantilever Retaining Walls)

  • 장인성;정충기;김명모
    • 한국지반공학회지:지반
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.75-86
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    • 1996
  • 현재 옹벽해석에 사용되는 Rankine이나 Coulomb의 토압산정방법은 벽체 뒤의 토사가 파괴상태에 도달하였다는 가정조건에 근거하고 있으며, 이를 위해서는 충분한 횡방향 변위가 발생하여야 한다. 최근의 현장시험 등을 통한 많은 연구에서는 옹벽에 작용하는 수평주동토압이 Rankine이나 Coulomb의 토압보다 크게 나타나고 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 이는 발생 수평변위량과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 Drucker Prayer의 지반구성모델을 이용한 유한요소해석을 통하여 캔틸레버식 옹벽의 벽체 지주와 가상배면에 작용하는 수평주동토압을 발생변위와 함께 분석하였으며, 아울러 경사진 뒤채움이 수평주동토압에 미치는 영향도 검토하였다. 그 결과 옹벽에 작용하는 수평주동 토압은 발생변위와 밀접한 관계가 있으며, Rankine과 Coulomb의 방법은 작용수평주동토압을 과소평가하고, 경사진 뒤채움의 수평주동토압증가효과도 과소평가함을 확인하였다. 그리고 본 해석결과를 토대로 수평주동토압을 간편하게 산출할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다.

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Finite element analysis of a CFRP reinforced retaining wall

  • Ouria, Ahad;Toufigh, Vahab;Desai, Chandrakant;Toufigh, Vahid;Saadatmanesh, Hamid
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.757-774
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    • 2016
  • Soils are usually weak in tension therefore different materials such as geosynthetics are used to address this inadequacy. Worldwide annual consumption of geosynthetics is close to $1000million\;m^2$, and the value of these materials is probably close to US$1500 million. Since the total cost of the construction is at least four or five times the cost of the geosynthetic itself, the impact of these materials on civil engineering construction is very large indeed. Nevertheless, there are several significant problems associated with geosynthetics, such as creep, low modulus of elasticity, and susceptibility to aggressive environment. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) was introduced over two decades ago in the field of structural engineering that can also be used in geotechnical engineering. CFRP has all the benefits associated with geosynthetics and it boasts higher strength, higher modulus, no significant creep and reliability in aggressive environments. In this paper, the performance of a CFRP reinforced retaining wall is investigated using the finite element method. Since the characterization of behavior of soils and interfaces are vital for reliable prediction from the numerical model, soil and interface properties are obtained from comprehensive laboratory tests. Based on the laboratory results for CFRP, backfill soil, and interface data, the finite element model is used to study the behavior of a CFRP reinforced wall. The finite element model was verified based on the results of filed measurements for a reference wall. Then the reference wall simulated by CFRP reinforcements and the results. The results of this investigations showed that the safety factor of CFRP reinforced wall is more and its deformations is less than those for a retaining wall reinforced with ordinary geosynthetics while their construction costs are in similar range.

지진해일파의 월파를 고려한 해안안벽의 안정성평가 (Evaluation of Stability of Quay Wall Considering Overtopping of Tsunami)

  • 이광호;김도삼;김태형
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제28권9호
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    • pp.31-45
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 월파시 해안안벽에 작용하는 지진과 지진해일의 영향에 대하여 한계평형상태해석법을 적용하여 안정성을 검토하였다. 지진해일파력에 대하여 TWOPM-3D를 적용하였으며, 특히 안벽의 뒷채움재를 투과성재료로 가정하여 지진해일파가 월파 후에 안벽배후에 작용하는 파력을 산정하였다. 그리고, 수동상태와 주동상태 조건에서 해안안벽의 안정성에 영향을 주는 요인인 지진해일파고, 뒷채움재의 수위, 수평 수직지진가속도계수, 내부마찰각, 벽마찰각, 간극수압비 등을 변화하여 활동과 전도에 대한 안벽 안전율의 변화특성을 시간에 따라 검토하였다. 이로부터 지진과 지진해일파의 작용하에 지진해일파가 안벽을 월파하는 경우 수동상태에 대한 안전율은 결과적으로 안전율을 증가시키는 요인으로 작용하는 반면, 주동상태에 대하여 결과적으로 안전율을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

초고층 내력벽식 구조물의 기둥축소량에 대한 확률론적 예측 및 현장계측 (Probabilistic Prediction and Field Measurement of Column Shortening for Tall Building with Bearing Wall System)

  • 송화철;윤광섭
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2006
  • 초고층건물에서 발생하는 부등축소량은 기둥과 코어를 연결하는 보와 슬래브에서의 부가응력을 유발하거나 파티션과 커튼월의 균열과 같은 문제 등을 유발하므로, 부등축소량의 영향을 최소화하기 위해 기둥축소량의 예측 및 보정이 정확히 이루어져야 하며, 구조안전성과 사용성의 관점에서 시간변화에 따른 초고층건물 기둥축소량의 정확한 예측이 필요하다. 기둥축소량에 영향을 주는 콘크리트의 재료물성치 중 콘크리트강도, 크리프계수, 건조수축계수 등의 변동성을 고려하여 확률론적 해석을 이용한 기둥축소량 예측을 하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 41층 초고층 내력벽식 구조물을 예제로 하여 몬테카를로 기법을 이용한 확률론적 축소량을 구하고 축소량의 분포도를 조사하여 신뢰수준별 기둥축소량을 분석하였다. 초고층 내력벽식 구조물예제에서 현장계측된 변형값은 해석에 의한 결과값보다 전체적으로 작으며, 확률론적으로 신뢰구간 ${\mu}-1.645{\sigma}$(신뢰수준 90.0% 하한치)이내의 값을 나타내었다.

복사열전달을 고려한 Cusp 자기장이 있는 초크랄스키 단결정 성장 공정의 유동에 관한 연구 (A numerical simulation of radiative heat transfer coupled with Czochralski flow in cusp magnetic field)

  • 김태호;이유섭;전중환
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.988-1004
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    • 1996
  • The characteristics of flow and oxygen concentration are numerically studied in Czochralski 8" silicon crystal growing process considering radiative heat transfer. The analysis of net radiative heat flux on all relevant surfaces shows growing crystal affects the heater power. Furthermore, the variation of the radiative heat flux along the crystal surface in the growing direction is confirmed and should be a cause of thermal stress and defect of the crystal. The calculated distributions of temperature and, heat flux along the wall boundaries including melt/crystal interface, free surface and crucible wall indicate that the frequently used assumption of the thermal boundary conditions of insulated crucible bottom and constant temperature at crucible side wall is not suitable to meet the real physical boundary conditions. It is necessary, therefore, to calculate radiative heat transfer simultaneously with the melt flow in order to simulate the real CZ crystal growth. If only natural convection is considered, the oxygen concentration on the melt/crystal interface decreases and becomes uniform by the application of a cusp magnetic filed. The heater power needed also increases with increasing the magnetic field. For the case of counter rotation of the crystal and crucible, the magnetic field suppresses azimutal flow produced by the crucible rotation, which results in the higher oxygen concentration near the interface.

Dynamics of Transverse Magnetic Domain Walls in Rectangular-shape Thin-film Nanowires Studied by Micromagnetic Simulations

  • Lee, Jun-Young;Choi, Sang-Kook;Kim, Sang-Koog
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.74-76
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    • 2006
  • Dynamic behaviors of transverse domain walls (TDWs) in rectangular shaped thin-film magnetic nanowires with different widths under applied magnetic fields less than the Walker field were studied by micromagnetic simulations. It was found that the velocity of stable TDWs in the viscous region increases from 147 to 419 m/s and their mass decreases from $6.24{\times}10^{-23}\;to\;2.70{\times}10^{-23}kg$ with increasing strength of the applied magnetic field ranging from 5 to 20 Oe for the nanowire with a dimension of 10 nm in thickness and $5{\mu}m$ in length, and 50 nm in width. With increasing the width of nanowires from 50 to 125 nm at a specific field strength of 5 Oe, the TDW's velocity also increases from 147 to 246 m/s and its mass decreases from $6.24{\times}10^{-23}\;to\;5.91{\times}10^{-23}kg$.