• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

There are many large-scale coastal region landfill and land development by loading to use territory efficiently, this regions are mostly soft clay ground. Constructing structures and road on the soft ground bring about engineering problems like ground shear fracture and a big amount of consolidation by bearing capacity. Improvement of soft soil is required to secure soil strength and settlement control. In improvement of soft soil, predict for the amount of settlement based on field surveyed reports are important element for estimating pre-loading banking height and the final point of consolidation. In this study, there is calculating theoretical settlement by analyzing field surveyed report and ground investigation to improvement of soft soil with pre-loading and vertical drain method. And present settlement prediction method reflect soil characteristics in Gimpo Hangang site by analysing prediction settlement and observational settlement during compaction using hyperbolic, ${\sqrt{s}}$, Asaoka method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.180-183
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• 2001

A corynespora leaf spot of pepper, which has not been reported previously in Korea, occurred severely at the major pepper cultivation area of Chinju, Gyeongnam province in 2001. Infection rate ranged from 48.2 to 84.7% in eight fields surveyed. The causal fungus was identified as Corynespora cassicola based on the following cultural and morphological characteristics. The fungi grew well on potato dextrose agar, showing gray to brown color with cultural age. Conidia formed solitary or catenary were obclavate to cylindrical in shape, and pale olivaceous brown or brown in color. They had 420 pseudoseptate and isthmus, and measured 42.7-197.6 x 9.3-$23.5\mu\textrm{m}$. Septate conidiophores were pale to light brown in color, and measured 116.5-836.0 x 4.2-$11.0\mu\textrm{m}$. Conidia germinated as a bi-polar type. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth and conidial germination was $30^{\circ}$ and 25-$30^{\circ}$, respectively. The fungus showed strong pathogenicity to pepper plant, and the symtoms on pepper by the artificial inoculation were similar to those observed in the field. This is the first report on the corynespora leaf spot on pepper (Capsium annuum) caused by Corynespora cassicola in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-29
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• 2002

This study explored the Dis-Functional(DF) factors associated with the information and utilization of the R&D outcomes which has been left behind in the environmental & energy science research field. Of the total of 225 sample surveyed, exactly 66.2% responded to the questions about DF factors. The major factors that have been experienced by the respondents included the followings : the shortage of manpower and budget, inadequate network utilities of resource sharing, unstable policies of digitalization of R&D databases and of presenting a specimen copy(not only report itself but also experimental data), deficient knowledge resource system for the specialized sub-research areas, absence of the process of TLO and commercialization of R&D results, and underestimation of the significance of quality control (evaluation) of academic and research information. Some recommendations for utilization of the R&D outcomes were suggested according to the DF factors investigated.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.829-838
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• 2003

Purpose: In South Korea, as growing the need of psychological support in disaster situation psychological assessment on stress after disaster is important to find out the factors affecting coping, and to plan intervention in the community. Method: The volunteers of Korea Redcross who live around K city, and the research team visited all homes at Jirye town, one of the high-impact area, 4 month after the typhoon. One of the family members who is over 18 years old, answered the self-report questionnaire composed of disaster experience, damage, exposure to traumatic event, and posttraumatic stress with IES-K (Impact of Event Scale-korea) He also, described his family members symptom related to re-experiencing, hyper-arousal, and avoidance. Six hundreds households were surveyed. Result: The prevalence of moderate to severe PTSD symptom was 36% of the subjects. The severity of PTSD was affected by gender, economic status and affected by damaged property, physical injury, worsening existing disease, getting infectious disease, amount of experienced traumatic event before disaster, warning, taking shelter, and subjects revealed differences in somatization as severity of PTSD. According to the description, community members had re-experiencing, hyper-arousal and avoidance. Conclusion: At a rural area, South Korea, community members have suffered from psychological distress after disaster. So psychological interventions are required as affecting factors and also to plan for warning and shelter in disaster situation is needed for preventing PTSD.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2013

The author surveyed and analyzed the research papers of korean journal of clinical laboratory science (KJCLS) that have been posted for 28 years from 17 volumes in 1985 to 44 volumes in 2012 in the time of 50th anniversary of foundation of the korean association of medical technologists (KAMT) of in 2012. This study is aimed to provide members with basic materials helpful to research development and suggest development measures of journal. The author analyzed the number of papers, research field, type of papers, and number of authors based on the title of paper. The total number of papers is 916 and average number of paper is 33. The research field was biochemistry 167 (18.2%), microbiology 160 (17.4%), histology & cytology 99 (10.8%), molecular genetics 77 (8.5%), hematology 69 (7.5%), physiologic function 64 (7.0%), immunology 60 (6.5%), blood bank 33 (3.6%), radioimmunoassay 33 (3.6%), parasitology 27 (2.9%), quality control 18 (2.0%), urinalysis & body fluid 13 (1.4%), cytogenetics 12 (1.3%), flow cytometry analysis 6 (0.7%), and other articles were 78 (8.5%). Regarding the type of papers, original article was 777 (84.8%), case report 52 (5.7%), review 23 (2.5%), others 64 (7.0%). Regarding the number of paper authors, single author was 208 (22.7%), 2-man joint authors 178 (19.4%), 3-man joint authors 181 (19.8%), 4-man joint authors 151 (16.5%), over-5-man joint authors 198 (21.6%). The average number of papers was 33 for 28 years from 1985 to 2012, it is fewer than number of technologists and professors working currently regardless of the level of quantity and quality. The KAMT needs paper promoting measures and strategic investment on the scholarly journals that can aggressively promote to members and inspire research desire for korea citation index (KCI) registered article selection of KJCLS in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2015

Objective: Great advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) since the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in Korea. This study was designed to report on the current status of ART therapy in South Korea between January 1 and December 31 of 2010. Methods: A revised survey, originally developed by the International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies, was sent to all available ART centers via email in 2013. Fresh embryo transfer (FET) cases were categorized into standard IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injections. These cases, the thawing embryo transfer (TET) cases, and other related procedures were surveyed. Results: Data from 30,785 ART procedures were provided by 78 clinics. Of the 28,200 cycles in which oocytes were retrieved, 92.2% of these cycles were completely transferred. In addition, 8,075 cycles were confirmed to be clinical pregnancies in the FET cycles, which represent a pregnancy rate of 28.6% per oocyte pick-up and 31.1% per embryo transfer. The most common number of embryos transferred in the FET was three embryos (37.3%) followed by two embryos (36.3%) and one embryo (14.0%). Of the 6,648 TET cycles transferred, 2,356 clinical pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasonography. The most common number of embryos in the TET group was two embryos (43.4%) followed by three embryos (25.4%) and one embryo (18.9%). Conclusion: The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer in the FET cycles was similar in 2009 and 2010. Among the FET cycles where one or two embryos were transferred, the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer slightly increased from 2009 (28.7%) to 2010 (32.9%).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-133
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• 2001

A destructive collar rot disease was found on broad bean (Vicia faba) in several farmer's field located in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do in 2001. The typical symptoms of the disease were stem rot, crown rot, wilt or blight. Upper parts of the infected stems were mostly blighted and white mycelial mats were spread over lesions and the sclerotia were formed on the stems near soil line. The infection rates of the disease in the surveyed area were ranged from 28.6 to 42.8%. The sclerotia of the fungus readily formed in artificial media such as PDA at $30^{\circ}C$ and its shape was globoid or irregular and size was $1.0{\sim}3.7{\times}1.0{\sim}2.8\;mm\;(av.\;1.0{\sim}2.3\;mm)$ and was brown or dark brown in color. The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about $30^{\circ}C$. The typical clamp connections were found in the hypha of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the collar rot of broad bean caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2018

Background: Genus Sasa, dwarf bamboos, are considered to be species that lower biodiversity in the temperate forests of East Asia. Although they have a long interval, they, the monocarpic species, have a unique characteristic of large-scale synchronized flowering. Therefore, once they have flowered and then declined, it may be an opportunity for suppressed surrounding species. A previous study reported that Sasa borealis showed specialized flowering nationwide with a peak in 2015. However, this was based on data from a social network service and field survey at Mt. Jeombong. Therefore, we investigated S. borealis in the forests of five national parks in order to determine whether this rare synchronized flowering occurred nationwide, as well as its spatial distribution. Results: We found a total of 436 patches under the closed canopy of Quercus mongolica-dominated deciduous forests in the surveyed transects from the five national parks. Of these patches, 75% occupied a whole slope area, resulting in an enormous area. The patch area tended to be larger in the southern parks. Half (219 patches) of the patches flowered massively. Among them, 76% bloomed in 2015, which was consistent with the results of the previous report. The flowering rate varied from park to park with that of Mt. Seorak being the highest. The culms of the flowering patches were significantly taller (F = 93.640, p < 0.000) and thicker (F = 61.172, p < 0.000). Following the event, the culms of the flowering patches declined, providing a good opportunity for the suppressed plant species. The concurrent massive flowering of the mature patches was believed to be triggered by some stress such as a spring drought. Conclusion: We confirmed that the rare synchronized flowering of S. borealis occurred with a peak in 2015 nationwide. In addition, we explored that S. borealis not only monopolized an enormous area, but also dominated the floors of the late-successional Q. mongolica-dominated deciduous forests. This presents a major problem for Korean forests. As it declined simultaneously after flowering, there are both possibilities of forest regeneration or resettlement of S. borealis by massively produced seeds.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-65
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• 2002

Red spot disease was found on broad bean (Vicia faba) in several farmer's field located in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongnam provice in Korea. The typical symptoms of the disease were appeared on leaves and stems. The infection rates of the disease in the surveyed area were ranged from 16.4 to 84.6%. Lesions on the leaves were round with 1~4.2 mm in size and on the stem were narrow long fusiform with 1~15 mm in size. Conidia and conidiaphores were not readily farmed on PDA, however, a few conidia were formed on PDA added in extracts of 10 g of broad bean leaves. Conidia were light yellow green in color, globose or obovoid in shape, and 10~24$\times$8~22 $\mu$m in size. Conidiophores were cylindrical in shape, light brown in color and 3.6~12.8 $\mu$m in wide. Sclerotia of the fungus were readily formed in artificial media such as PDA. They were ellipsoid to irregular in shape, 1.2~11.8 mm in size and dark in color, The optimum temperature far growth of the fungus was about 2$0^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Botrytis fabae. This is the first report on the red spot of broad bean caused by Botrytis fabae in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.110-118
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• 2015

Borimsa Temple in Jangheung, one of the Goosanseonmoon of Shilla Dynasty, calls for a study in the field of landscape architecture because it has very significant elements in cultural and ecological landscaping aspects. This study examined the changes in landscaping elements of Borimsa Temple since the 17th century in order to newly recognize cultural landscaping value of space composition elements for traditional temple and to verify landscape architectural position. For research method, literatures such as Sajeonggi (事蹟記), Joongchanggi, a surveyed map by Fujishima Gaijiro in 1928 and Joseon Gojeogdobo (朝鮮古蹟圖譜) and modern documents including Borimsa Temple Precision Ground Survey Report and photographic records of National Archives of Korea and provincial governments were examined together with a field survey in order to trace changes in landscape elements such as buildings within the temple site, pond and temple forest. The results are as the following: First, for geographical locations of Borimsa Temple, it is located in an auspicious location and Shipyuknahansang and Cheonbul were placed in a supplementary purpose according to the contents of Bojoseonsatapbi. Compared to Namhwaseonsa Temple in China, it has a similar environmental composition but the fact that buildings were placed on platforms is a distinctive difference. Second, architectural landscape of Borimsa Temple went through the Japanese colonial era and Korean War and still going through changes today. Thus, there shall be some appropriate measures such as to establish an archive of past landscape data. Third, the contents of Borimsa Temple Sajeonggi suggests that the pond of Borimsa Temple had been in a indeterminate form with stones on the outer edge. Its name could have been Yongcheon (湧泉) according to the contents of Joongchanggi. Also, the current landscape, in comparison with past photographs, is a result of changes from surface raise occurred by ground reinforcement within the temple site. Fourth, Jangsaengpyoju (長生標柱) mentioned in Bojoseonsatapbi and Borimsa Temple Sajeonggi was thought to be the dried juniper tree in front of Daewoongbojeon, which can be found in past photographic documents but, it is now assumed to be Seokbihyeong (石碑形) considering the Gukjangsaeng and Hwangjangsaeng of Dogapsa Temple of the similar time period. Moreover, Hongsalmoon mentioned in Joongchanggi was established by King's order after the Manchu war of 1636 in praising of Buddhist monks those who had volunteered to fight for the country. Fifth, it is apparent in Borimsa Temple Joongchanggi that geomancy was a consideration in landscaping process of Borimsa Temple, and the record indicates that pine trees, bo trees and persimmon trees were planted. Sixth, tea tree forest was verified of its historical root that is Seongchailyeo from Unified Shilla through passing down of Jeong Yak-yong's Goojeunggoopo method and relevant documents of Seon Master Choui and Yi Yu-won. Seventh, nutmeg tree forest suggests that nutmegs were used in national ceremonies and for medical uses. The nutmeg tree forest was also verified of its role as Naehwasoorimdae (a forest built to prevent fire from spreading) through aerial photographs and placement of a forest reserve.