• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1997

Four external and 27 cranial characters of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) from 16 regions in China and Korea, representing six subspecies, were analyzed by multivariate methods. Three subgroups were recognized: the large-size form from Cheju island, Korea (subspecies chejuensis), the middle-size form from the Korean peninsula (subspecies coreae), and the small-size form from China (subspecies manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, insulaemus). It was confirmed that four subspecies of striped field mouse from China can be classified into subspecies ningpoensis, as noted by Corbet (1978), and that subspecies coreae and chjuensis are distinct subspecies, as stated by Jones and Johnson (1965). In the future, morphometric analyses with striped field mice from Europe and Russia will be necessary to confirm subspecies classification of A. agrarius agrarius.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 1999

This study investigates the effect of group size on group performance, here the quality of group decision, Four effects are proposed and tested in a field experimental setting : (1) the relationship between the group size and the distribution of individual's problem-solving ability ; (2) the change of the group decision quality as group size increases ; (3) the relationship between the group decision quality and the quality of the best/worst member as group size increases ; (4) the relationship between the group decision quality and the average quality of individuals in the group as group size increases. Data showed that contrary to the exiting results, group decision quality was not improved with the group size. Rather, it showed a little tendency that group decision quality was worsened with the group size. Data also showed that consensus-oriented group decision making process produced the compromised output. Thus, group decision quality was not better than the average group members'. The opinion of the best member was not accepted. The implications of the findings are discussed for the development of a Korean GSS.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.476-482
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• 2012

Asian dust particles are known to have sizes ranging from a few nanometers up to about a few micrometers. The environmental and health effects depend on the size of the dust particles. The smaller, the farther they are transported, and the deeper they penetrate into the human respiratory system. Sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) provides separation of nano to microparticles using a combination of centrifugal force and parabolic laminar flow in a channel. In this study, the steric mode of SdFFF (Sd/StFFF) was tested for size-based separation and characterization of Asian dust particles. Various SdFFF experimental parameters including flow rate, stop-flow time and field strength of the centrifugal field were optimized for the size analysis of Asian dust. The Sd/StFFF calibration curve showed a good linearity with $R^2$ value of 0.9983, and results showed an excellent capability of Sd/StFFF for a size-based separation of micron-sized particles.The optical microscopy (OM) was also used to study the size and the shape of the dust particles. The size distributions of the samples collected during a thick dust period were shifted towards larger sizes than those of the samples collected during thin dust periods. It was also observed that size distribution of the sample collected during dry period shifts further towards larger sizes than that of the samples collected during raining period, suggesting the sizes of the dust particle decrease during raining periods as the components adsorbed on the surface of the dust particles were removed by the rain water. Results show Sd/StFFFis a useful tool for size characterization of environmental particles such as the Asian dust.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2003

It is crucial to minimize setup errors of a cancer treatment machine using a high energy and to perform precise radiation therapy. Usually, port film has been used for verifying errors. The Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH) has manufactured digital electronic portal imaging device (EPID) system to verify treatment machine errors as a Quality Assurance (Q.A) tool. This EPID was consisted of a metal/fluorescent screen, 45$^{\circ}$ mirror, a camera and an image grabber and could display the portal image with near real time KIRAMS has also made the acrylic phantom that has lead line of 1mm width for ligh/radiation field congruence verification and reference points phantom for using as an isocenter on portal image. We acquired portal images of 10$\times$10cm field size with this phantom by EPID and portal film rotating treatment head by 0.3$^{\circ}$, 0.6$^{\circ}$ and 0.9$^{\circ}$. To check field size, we acquired portal images with 18$\times$18cm, 19$\times$19cm and 20$\times$20cm field size with collimator angle 0$^{\circ}$ and 0.5$^{\circ}$ individually. We have performed Flatness comparison by displaying the line intensity from EPID and film images. The 0.6$^{\circ}$ shift of collimator angle was easily observed by edge detection of irradiated field size on EPID image. To the extent of one pixel (0.76mm) difference could be detected. We also have measured field size by finding optimal threshold value, finding isocenter, finding field edge and gauging distance between isocenter and edge. This EPID system could be used as a Q.A tool for checking field size, light/radiation congruence and flatness with a developed video based EPID.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1172-1176
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the applicability of Sd/StFFF and to develop a method for size characterization of urban airborne particles, focusing primarily on particles larger than about 1 mm. It was found that the airborne concentration vary with time, although no particular seasonal trend was observed. When averaged over time, the airborne concentration was the lowest in the park areas with 99 ㎍/m³. The apartment, industrial, and central city area showed similar levels of the airborne concentrations with 166, 170, and 171 ㎍/m³, respectively. The housing area showed the highest airborne concentration with 201 μg/m³ among all tested areas. A power-programmed Sd/StFFF was used for size analysis of airborne particles with the initial field strength of 300 rpm, $t_a$ = 4, $t_i$ = -16, p = 8, and the flow rate of 7 mL/min. It was found that urban airborne samples were mostly populated by particles having diameters between about 5 to 20 ㎛, although all have broad size distributions ranging up to about 50 ㎛. Under the Sd/StFFF condition used in this study, no significant differences were found in size distributions among the airborne particles collected at different urban sites, and also among those collected at different times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2012

The influence of magnetic field on propane and acetylene diffusion flames have been experimentally investigated using an electromagnetic system. Periodically induced magnetic field having various frequencies and duty ratios was established in square wave form. The maximum intensity and gradient of magnetic field were 1.3 T and 0.27 T/mm, respectively. The width of a propane flame was reduced up to 4.5% and the brightness was enhanced up to 25% when the magnetic field was induced. The soot emission from an acetylene flame was ceased when magnetic field was induced. The alteration of flow field, which is due to the paramagnetic characteristics of oxygen molecule, is most likely to be responsible for the change in flame size and brightness. The effect of magnetic field on diffusion flames, which competes with the gravitational effect, was more apparent from a smaller size flame. The magnetic field effect, therefore, could be important under microgravity conditions. Since the time required to alter the flow field must be finite, the magnetic field effect is likely to be less significant for a periodically oscillating magnetic field at a high frequency or having a small duty ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-254
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the collection efficiency characteristics of a cylindrical ESP. To do that, it is necessary to analyze the electric field, gas flow field, and mechanism of particle movement by numerical simulation based on EHD model. For a gas flow field, Navier-Stokes equation involving the electric source term was solved by SIMPLE algorithm. In case of the electric field, the current continuity and electric field equations were solved by S.O.R. method. The analysis of particle movement was performed on the basis of PSI-CELL model from the Lagrangian viewpoint. The results showed that the influence on the gas flow field by the electric field is almost negligible in a cylindrical ESP. The particle drift velocity $V_P$ toward the collection surface is increased continuously by the electrostatic force due to the rise of particle charge as the particle is moving to the flow direction and the particle size becomes larger. The collection efficiency is to quitely higher with the increase of applied voltage for the same particle size, while becomes smaller as the inlet velocity is increased.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2014.03a
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• pp.434-438
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• 2014

CMOS의 최종형태로써 Gate-All-Around(GAA) Silicon Nanowire(NW)가 각광받고 있다. 이 논문에서 NW FET(Field Effect Transistor)의 채널 길이와 NW의 폭과 같은 size에 따른 특성변화를 실제 실험 data와 NW FET 특성분석 simulation을 이용해서 비교해보았다. MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)의 소형화에 따른 쇼트 채널 효과(short channel effect)에 의한 threshold voltage($V_{th}$), Drain Induced Barrier Lowering(DIBL), subthreshold swing(SS) 또한 비교하였다. 이에 더하여, 기존의 상용툴로 NW를 해석한 시뮬레이션 결과와도 비교해봄으로써 NW의 size scaling에 대한 EDISON NW 해석 simulation의 정확도를 파악해보았다.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1980

In an attempt to provide optimum kVp for four spot films of stomach examinations, we measured experimentally film density and scatter radiation with field size. And to investigate the effect of concentrations in barium sulphite and kVp in spot films of stomach fluoroscopy were carried out and the following results were obained. 1. The entire density of film by field size has the sharpest increase from $10cm^2$ to $100cm^2$, and relatively flattened curve beyond $500cm^2$ in field size. 2. The quantity of scatter radiation reaching an X-ray film depends upon field size: the larger the fields, the more scatter radiation. 3. It is necessary for increasing 3 to 5kVp as for the absence of barium sulphite and 5 to 7 kVp in the case of 20 per cent and 25 per cent in barium sulphite concentrations to produce uniform density in the four spot films for stomach fluoroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

We analyze the global market for flexible electronic circuits, technical considerations, and analyze the market for application areas and regions. In the market analysis of the application field, the display field has the greatest influence in terms of market size and annual growth rate, and the OLE D lighting market size is expected to grow by nearly 50% in 2026. The multilayer flexible electronics, which dependently requires the semiconductor technology, has a larger market size than other structures and its growth rate is relatively large, leading the market and will be further analyzed in depth. The market size of multilayer flexible electronics applied to display field is expected to show an annual growth rate of 21.1% from $2.7 billion in 2017 to $9.8 billion in 2026, and the OLED market is expected to grow by 75.2% during the same periods. Recently, as electronic products have been miniaturized and advanced, and robust installation in a small space is required, companies that preoccupy multilayer structure or rigid flexible electronic circuit technology have an advantage in competitiveness, so many companies are trying to obtain this technology. These efforts are systematically supported by many countries because they can achieve mutual growth by strengthening the competitiveness of the application field and the same industry. In the case of Korea, a support system is established, but it is required to expand and activate it, and to localize manufacturing equipment and materials.