• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.450-459
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• 2015

In this paper, the safety distances and maximum permissible power (MPP) of resonant wireless power transfer systems are defined and derived with regard to human exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF). The definition is based on the calculated induced current density and electric field in the standard human model located between the transmitting and receiving coil. In order to avoid the adverse health effects such as stimulation of nerve tissues, the induced current and electric field must not exceed the basic restriction values specified in EMF safety guidelines. The different combinations of diameters of the coils and the distance between the two coils are investigated and their effects are analyzed. Two versions of EMF safety guidelines (ICNIRP 1998 and ICNIRP 2010) are used as bases for safety distance calculation and the difference between the two guidelines are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1999

We have studied the field emission characteristics of diamond-like-carbon (DLC) films deposited by a layer-by-layer technique using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, in which the deposition of a thin layer of DLC and a CH4 plasma exposure on its surface were carried out alternatively. The hydrogen-free DLC can be deposited by CH4 plasma exposure for 140 sec on a 5 nm DLC layer. N2 gas-phase doping in the CH4 plasma was also carried out to reduce the work function of the DLC. The optimum [N2]/[CH4] flow rate ratio was found to be 9% for the efficient electron emission, at which the onset-field was 7.2 V/$\mu\textrm{m}$. It was found that the hydrogen-free DLC has a stable electron emitting property.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.832-838
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• 1999

Recently, there are growing concerns about power frequency electric and magnetic fields coming out from the high voltage transmission lines, because of the wide spread perception of their probable harmful effect on human body. In connection with this trend, this paper describes the electric and magnetic fields measurement result around 154 kV and 345 kV transmission lines, a comparison of measured EMF to calculated one and the correlations between transmission lines currents and measured magnetic fields. Daily maximum and minimum magnetic field quantities under the selected 154 kV and 345 kV transmission lines had been measured for 1 year of 1997 and the average value of magnetic field exposure under the lines were calculated and presented based on the measured data.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2017

This study examined the effectiveness degree of a protective apron that is taken not to be exposed to the first ray or scattered rays, for X-ray of thick subject like lateral lumbar, and the results are as follows; First, spatial dose by scattered rays is shielded by 3 mmPb protective apron, 86.8% at a distance of 50 cm, 92.7% at 100 cm, and 95.6% at 200 cm, when minimizing the field size, while 89% at a distance of 50 cm, 92.3% at 100 cm, and 95.2% at 200 cm, when maximizing the field size. Second, 1st exposure dose is shielded by 3 mmPb protective apron, 93.7% at a distance of 50 cm, 94.4% at 100 cm, and 93.6% at 200 cm, when minimizing the field size, while 93.7% at a distance of 50 cm, 93.6% at 100 cm, and 94.2% at 200 cm, when maximizing the field size.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 준정적 FDTD 기법을 FORTRAN 프로그래밍을 통해 직접 구현하고 이를 이용해 중간주파수 대역의 인체유도전류 분포를 해석하였다. 제작된 프로그램의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 기존 FDTD 기법을 적용하기 어려운 테스트 모델에 대한 계산결과를 이론적 해와 비교하고, 타임스텝이 크게($5.68{\times}10^6$배) 단축되는 것을 확인하였다. 검증된 수치해석 기법을 이용하여 20[kHz] 자기장과 1[MHz] 전기장에 노출된 3차원 고해상도 인체모델에 유기되는 유도전류의 분포를 계산하고, 양 발의 접지조건이 유도전류의 분포와 크기에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 인체유도전류의 안전성 평가, 생체전기 응용 진단장치 개발 등을 포함한 다양한 분야에서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2009

UHF 대역 RFID 시스템의 전자기장 인체노출량 평가를 위하여 900[MHz] 대역 상용 RFID 시스템에 대하여 전기장 분포를 실측하고 분석했다. 또한 RFID 리더 안테나의 전자파흡수율(SAR)을 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 계산하고 인체보호기준에 명시된 기본한계와 비교하여 안전성을 확인했다. EN 및 IEC 국제표준에 따라 RFID 시스템 주위의 인체노출량을 평가하기 위하여 리더기 동작을 테스트하고, 안테나로부터의 방위각과 거리에 따른 전기장 강도를 측정 후 그 결과를 분석하였다. 계측기로는 협대역 등방성 전기장 프로브를 사용하였으며, 리더기 주변 360[$^{\circ}$] 범위에서 15[$^{\circ}$] 간격으로 각각 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5[m]의 거리에서 측정을 수행했다. 또한 측정 결과로부터 EN및 IEC 표준에서 정의된 측정거리의 타당성에 대해 분석했다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2011

논에 서식하는 미꾸라지는 겨울철 수분증발에 의한 토굴을 형성하였고 피부는 공기 중에 노출되었다. 이때 미꾸라지 피부의 점액세포 변화를 유발하는 환경요인을 분석하기 위하여 진흙과 물을 수조에 채운 후 약 1개월 동안 자연증발시켜 인위적인 토굴형성에 의한 미꾸라지 피부의 공기노출 실험을 여름철에 실시하였다. 그 결과, 공기 중에 피부가 노출된 미꾸라지의 등, 체측, 후두부의 피부 점액세포의 형태는 대부분 크고 길다란 원주세포형으로 변화하였고, 수량 역시 급격히 증가하였는데, 이러한 특정은 겨울철 자연상태에서 나타나는 전형적인 현상이었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.146-154
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the workers' exposure level to electromagnetic field(EMF) in accordance with the VDT arrangement in the work place and distance from VDT. Author compared the exposure strength of EMF in line group(workers exposed to EMF from both front and back side) and in shielding group(workers exposed to EMF exclusively from front side). The levels of EMF at 30cm and 50cm from front side and at 30cm from back side of VDT were also measured. The result were as follows: 1. Mean distance between a monitor and a worker in shielding group ($47.7{\pm}8.7cm$) significantly longer than that in line group($44.3{\pm}7.2cm$). Strength of EMF in shielding group [$1.3{\pm}0.7V/m$ (electric field) and $18.2{\pm}11.5mA/m$ (magnetic field) were lower than in line group [$1.4{\pm}0.6V/m$ and $26.6{\pm}11.6mA/m$, respectively] at the workers' position. 2. The strength of EMF was decreased with the distance from VDT. The strength at 70cm from VDT was nearly the same as the background strength in the ordinary office rooms. 3. Working distance from 9 inch monitor was significantly shorter than that from 14 inch and wider sized monitors. 4. The strength of EMF in extremely low frequency spectrum of color monitors was higher then that of black and white monitor. 5. Metal coated filters significantly decreased the electric field strength of EMF when earth line was connected. Metallic shield was effectively decreased the EMF strength from VDT, but wooden shield was not. From the above results, line type arrangement of VDT in the work place using metallic shield at the back side of VDT, and metal coated filter to monitor with application of earth line were recommended. It is also recommended to maintain workers position to be 60cm or more distance from monitor and 140cm or more between VDTs for minimizing workers' exposure to EMF.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2009

원전 계획예방정비기간 증기발생기 수실작업 등은 매우 높은 방사선량율을 보이는 지역으로, 짧은 시간 동안 작업으로 종사자는 높은 피폭을 받을 가능성이 있다. 특히, 방사성물질과 접촉작업을 하는 손 부위에서 고피폭이 예상된다. 이런 점을 고려하여 2004년 수행된 국내 원전의 복수선량계 알고리즘 적용성 시험의 TLD 판독결과를 이용하여 고피폭 접촉 작업의 방사선장을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 원전 고피폭 접촉작업의 입사방사선장은 고에너지 광자(High Energy Photon Field)에 의한 피폭으로 해석되었다. 한편 2009년 울진 4호기 계획예방정비기간 S/G 정비작업과 월성 1호기 압력관 교체작업에 참여한 방사선작업종사자에 대해 말단선량 현황과 방사선장을 분석하기위한 현장시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 입사방사선장은 고에너지 방사선장으로 확인되었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the exposure levels to emotional labor, occupational and socio-psychological stress, and fatigue for workers engaged in the fields of beauty business (make-up, skin, nail, and hair). For this purpose, a survey was carried out and a statistical analysis was performed for 813 persons As a result, emotional labor was found to be linked with 3 factors of emotional control, emotional dissonance, and positive emotional expression. The exposure level of emotional control was found to be high in the area of hair care and that of positive emotional expression was high in the area of nail care. Based on evaluation of Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), the stress were found to be highest among workers engaged in the field of make-up and lowest among those in the field of nail. The exposure level of psychosocial stress was found to be the highest in the area of make-up and the lowest in the area of nail care. The exposure level of fatigue was found to be the highest in the area of make-up and the lowest in the area of nail care, showing a difference in the exposure level of stress by area of beauty business. The study confirmed that there is a difference in the exposure level related to emotional labor, job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue by area of beauty business.