• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1997

발아율을 증가시키기 위하여 실험실에서 수행된 초롱꽃과 약용작물의 종자처리(種子處理)가 출아율(出芽率)과 유묘생장(幼苗生長)을 촉진할 수 있는가를 검토하기 위하여 도라지, 더덕 및 만삼 종자를 파종 전 증류수에 2일간 침지하거나, $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 150 mM에 2일간 priming 또는 $GA_3$ 0.1 mM에 3일간 침지한 3개(個) 처리(處理)로 구분하여 유묘 출아율(幼苗 出芽率)과 파종 38일 후에 유묘생장(幼苗生長)을 조사하였으며 만삼의 출아율(出芽率)이 낮은 원인을 구명하기 위하여 전자현미경으로 종자의 내부구조를 관찰하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유묘 출아율(幼苗 出芽率)에서 도라지는 Priming과 $GA_3$ 처리, 더덕은 $GA_3$ 처리, 만삼은 priming처리에서 증류수로 침지 처리하는 것보다 높았고, 출아소요일수(出芽所要日數)도 도라지와 더덕은 대조구(對照區)에 비하여 $GA_3$처리로 단축되었다. 2. 공시종(供試種) 모두 하경축장(下經軸長)은 처리간 차이가 없었던 반면, 도라지와 더덕은 priming처리로 초장(草長)은 짧고 주당엽수(株當葉數)도 적었으나 만삼은 차이가 없었다. 3. 지상부중, 근중(地上部重, 根重) 또는 주당 건물중(株當 乾物重)은 대조구(對照區)에 비하여 $GA_3$ 처리에서 높은 반면, priming 처리에서 낮았다. 4. 만삼의 출아율저조원인(出芽率低調原因)은 무경(無經), 천(賤)의 형태적(形態的) 결함(缺陷) 등 종자구조에서 비롯되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine adequate planting date, to compare the growth characteristics between early and late maturing cultivars, and to provide the data for the cultivation techniques of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in double cropping system with winter crops on paddy field in Korea. Cultivars were planted on 26 May, 16 June, and 7 July with a planting density of $70cm(row\;widtb)\;{\times}\;10cm$ (planting spacing). Seed yield of soybean planted on June 16 and July 7 was approximately $37\%\;and\;53\%$, respectively, less than that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Pungsan-namulkong, and planted on June 16 and July 7 was about $30\%\;and\;37\%$, respectively, less then that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Hanamkong. The number of pods and seeds per plant decreased as planting date delayed. Seed weight increased in Pungsan-namulkong but decreased in Hannamkong as planting date delayed. The flowering date was late in delayed planting plots, but it was shorted for days from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturity. The plant height of Hannamkong was greater than Pungsan-namulkong from the emergence to flowering stages, but in contrast, it was greater in Pungsan-namulkong than Hannamkong after flowering stage (50d after emergence) when it planted on May 26. There were no significant differences between two soybean cultivars at planting dates of June 16 and July 7. Leaf number, leaf area, and dry matter were also reduced by late planting, and Both of them were shown in high reduction at the later planting. There was a high significant difference at the flowering $(r\;=\;0.87^{**})$ and pod formation $(r\;=\;0.91^{**})$ stages between leaf dry matter and seed yield. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at $R2\~R3$ growth stages compared to $R3\~R4\;or\;R4\~R5$ growth stages in two soybean cultivars and the greatest CGR was obtained at planting date of May 26 in two soybean cultivars except for R4-R5 growth stage in Pungsan-namulkong. There was a highly significant positive difference between the seed yield and the leaf area index (LAI) across R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages. The photosynthetic rate $(P_N)$ of the uppermost leaf position had no significant difference among planting dates and between two soybean cultivars. However, $P_N$ of the $7^{th}$ leaf position increased as the planting date delayed.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.518-521
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• 2009

High productivity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was obtained from the rhizome produced by shoot-tip culture with Korean native variety, Seosanjong. Seed rhizomes induced by shoot-tip culture were successfully established in the field. The rhizomes induced by both plant or rhizome were higher in emergence rate and faster in days to emergence than those of home seed production. The seed rhizome production induced by shoot-tip culture was two times heavier than that of home seed production. These results suggest that shoot-tip culture might be one of mass propagation methods in seed rhizome of ginger plant.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.305-309
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• 1991

종자순도 유지를 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 콤바인 수확시의 탈립종실이 익년 본답재배양식별 출현정도 및 생육특성을 정상재배벼와 비교검토 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 콤바인 수확시 품종별 탈립정도는 삼강벼가 49.5kg/10a로서 낙동벼의 27.8kg/10a보다 현저히 많았으나 탈립종자의 월동후 발아율은 오히려 낙동벼가 훨씬 높았다. 2. 이형주출현율 및 종자혼입율은 재배양식간에는 직파재배가 이앙재배보다, 그리고 품종별로는 일반형품종이 통일형품종보다 높은 경향이였다. 3. 이형주의 생육은 공시품종 모두 천립종을 제외한 간장, 주당수수, 수당입수 및 등숙율등 대부분의 형질들이 정상재배벼에 비하여 저하하는 경향이 었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.228-234
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• 1993

벼 건답휴립직파재배에서 발아시 토양수분과 입묘율과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 칠성벼, 가유벼, 삼강벼, 영산벼, 영덕벼, 화진벼, 팔공벼, 섬진벼, 도진벼, 밀양 9005, M101, M202, Newbonnet, Tebonnet, Lemont 등 15개 품종을 공시하여 여러가지 토양수분함량과 복토심을 달리하여 파종시험을 하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종 후 4일간 담수하였다가 배수하여도 출아율에는 영향이 없었다. 2. 담수조건에서 1.5cm 복토하였을 때 출아율은 40%이하로 토양표면에 파종한 것보다 출아율이 현저히 낮았고, 품종간에는 영산벼와 섬진벼의 출아율이 가장 높았다. 3. 국장에서 파종 후 상면 10cm까지 관수하여도 출아율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. 토양수분은 관수 및 강우 후 3～6일간은 pF0이었고, 산화환원전위는 443～453mV로 무관수보다 낮았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2016

In nine commercial watermelon cultivars, the effects of osmotic seed priming were evaluated for seed viability and seedling growth at different germination temperatures and field conditions. Generally, primed seeds showed improved germination rate and reduced time for emergence at different germination temperatures, as compared to untreated seeds. In particular, priming effect on seed germination was significantly high at $15^{\circ}C$, which is an environment normally resulting in poor germination. Depending on the watermelon cultivar, germination rate under low temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) was improved by up to 15~66% in primed seeds, as compared to untreated seeds. However, priming effect on germination was gradually reduced as the temperature reached to its optimum level for seed germination. Seed priming tended to improve the viability, fresh weight, and dry weight of watermelon seedlings, but its effect on seedling stage was not large, as compared to untreated seeds. Primed watermelon seeds showed improved emergence rate and facilitated germination in the field, but their seedling growth after 30 days from germination was not significantly affected. Our results indicated that seed priming can greatly improve the seed germination at poor temperature conditions in the watermelon.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 1993

하대두는 추대두에 비하여 생육특성상 고온다습의 조건에서 성숙하는 관계로 미이라병의 종자감염이 높아 적정입모를 확보하기 위해서는 종자소독의 필요성이 요구된다. 따라서 본 시험은 입중을 달리한 하대두 계통에서 종자소독에 의한 입모율 향상이 후기생육 및 수양에 미치는 영향과 미이라병의 감염정도에 따른 종자소독제의 처리효과를 구명코자 하였다. 1. 입중을 달리한 하대두 계통에 종자소독제를 분의 처리하여 파종하면 무처리에 비하여 발아율이 향상되었고 배축장이 길었으며 약제처리의 약효는 대립종에서 높고 소립종에에서 낮은 경향이였다. 2. 종자소독제를 처리했을때 후기생육, 주당엽수, 백립중 및 수양은 무처리와 비교하여 큰 차이가 없었다. 3. 동일품종내에서 미이라병의 가시적 감염증세가 경미하면 종자소독제의 처리효과는 적었고 심할수록 약제처리에 의하여 발아율과 발아세가 현저히 향상되었는데 그 정도는 대립종에서 높았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, $GA_3$ and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than $GA_3$ treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by $GA_3$ > low temperature > $KNO_3$ priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM $GA_3$ solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

Shading and soil environment are the main factors of growth and yield in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Ginseng yield is directly related to survival rate because of increased missing plant for their growing period. Under field conditions, diseases and pests significantly affect plant survival rate. We evaluated the seedling establishment, growth and ginsenoside of the ginseng plants, under controlled management conditions in a plastic greenhouse, when their treated with different types of organic matter. Ginseng seeds were sown at a rate of three seeds per hole, and the seeding space measured $10cm{\times}15cm$. Compared to the control, treatment of cattle manure vermicompost (CMV) was shown to increase seedling establishment and decrease ginsenoside content. Root weights of plants treated with CMV were higher than those of plants treated with other types of organic matter. In addition, seedling establishment of 2-year-old ginseng plants was decreased when it was compared to that of 1-year-old ginseng plants. Our results indicated that organic matter type and rate were associated with seedling establishment, growth characteristic and ginsenoside content in greenhouse of ginseng direct-sowing culture.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2010

The use of local seed provenance is often recommended in forest restoration. Early vigor is a combination of the performance of seed germination and emergence after planting. The ability of young Brant's oak plants to grow and develop after emergence and its dependence on local habitat conditions was investigated in this study. The effects of seed source and shade on early growing seedlings of Brant's oak (Quercus brantii L.) were determined in field measurements. Seeds of Quercus brantii L. were collected from 4 forest areas (seed sources) in southern Zagros (Provinces of Kohkilouyeh-Bouyer Ahmad and Fars) at altitudes of 850, 1,100, 1,500, 2,100 m a.s.l., and planted in a nursery constructed in southwestern Iran. According to a split-plot design consisting of four blocks, each containing two main treatment plots (no shading, partial shading), each main plot was sub-divided into four sub-plots (for elevations of 850, 1,100, 1,500 and 2,100 m). Results showed that shade treatments had significant effects on emergence percentage and rate, shoot length, shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf area (LA), and chlorophyll content. Ecological factors also had an effect on seed performance. Altitude of seed source had a very significant effect on root length, LA, SDW, and RDW. The seeds collected from 850 m a.s.l. elevation showed the highest performance, especially in leaf area, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Our results showed that the altitude of 850 m a.s.l. was the best for collecting Brant's oak seeds.