• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

Estimations of paddy field area are important for agricultural water supply planning. Especially these estimations have to be excused by drainage basin. In this research, we developed a paddy field estimation model considering shift-share effects such as national growing, structural, local effects. National growing effects are estimated by adopting the result of KREI-ASMO model which predict farm land area in national level. Paddy field structural effects are estimated using statistical data about farmhouse numbers and cultivation areas. Local allocation effects are calculated by differences of estimations and real data. The results using data from 1998 to 2003 show that developed model estimates 2006 paddy field areas in each province in 5% error and is applicable to predict future change of paddy field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2001

We have investigated the photoinduced birefrinence by the electric field effects in chalcogenide thin films. The electric field effects have investigated the various applied bias voltages(forward and reverse) in chalcogenide thin films. A pumping (inducing) and a probing bean were using a linearly polarized He-Ne laser light (633nm) and semiconductor laser light (780nm), respectively. The result was shown that the birefringence had a higher value in DC +2V than the others, Also, we obtained the birefringence in the electric field effects by various voltages. In addition, we have discussed the anisotropy property of chalcogenide thin films by the electric field effects.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.2077-2082
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• 2015

Based on Deutsch assumption, a calculation method on the electric field over the ground surface under HVDC transmission lines in the wind is proposed. Analyzing the wind effects on the electric field and the space charge density the existing method based on Deutsch assumption is improved through adding the wind speed to the ion flow field equations. The programming details are illustrated. The calculation results at zero wind speed are compared with available data to validate the code program. Then the ionized fields which resulted from corona of ±800kV HVDC lines are analyzed. Both the electric field and the current density on the ground level are computed under different wind direction and speed. The computation results are in good agreement with measurements. The presented method and code program can be used to rapidly predict and evaluate the wind effects in HVDC transmission engineering.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.367-392
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• 2020

The specific characteristics of near-field earthquake records can lead to different dynamic responses of bridges compared to far-field records. However, the effect of near-field strong ground motion has often been neglected in the seismic performance assessment of the bridges. Furthermore, damage to horizontally curved multi-frame RC box-girder bridges in the past earthquakes has intensified the potential of seismic vulnerability of these structures due to their distinctive dynamic behavior. Based on the nonlinear time history analyses in OpenSEES, this article, assesses the effects of near-field versus far-field earthquakes on the seismic performance of horizontally curved multi-frame RC box-girder bridges by accounting the vertical component of the earthquake records. Analytical seismic fragility curves have been derived thru considering uncertainties in the earthquake records, material and geometric properties of bridges. The findings indicate that near-field effects reasonably increase the seismic vulnerability in this bridge sub-class. The results pave the way for future regional risk assessments regarding the importance of either including or excluding near-field effects on the seismic performance of horizontally curved bridges.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 1999

Since the discovery of high Tc superconductors, great efforts have been focused to develop high performance HTS magnets for the ultimate applications to power system devices. Magnet designers, however, have had difficulties in the estimation of the maximum operating current of the designed magnet from the tested short sample data, due to the degradation of the critical current density in the magnet. Similar story applies to the HTS electrical bus bar. It has been found that the critical current of Bi-2223 stacked tapes is much less than the total summation of critical currents of each tape, which is mainly attributed to the self magnetic fields. Furthermore, since the critical current degradation of Bi-2223 tape is greater in the normal magnetic field (to the tape surface) than in the parallel one, detailed magnetic field configurations are required to reduce the self field effects. In this paper, we calculate the self field effects of a stacked conductor, defining self field factors of normal and parallel magnetic fields to the tape surface. Finally, the critical current degradations in the HTS magnet are explained by the introduced self field factors of the stacked conductor.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

The anomalous behaviour of animals prior to a large earthquake has been frequently reported from many places throughout the world since ancient times. This study is to experimentally testify what relations exist between the anomalous animal behavior and electric field effect, which is reported due to the piezo-electric effects in a basement rock before earthquake occurrences. We investigated the electric field effects on behaviors of two kinds of rats and birds. Rats show more sensitive anomalous behavior than birds. Even though the current applied to the experimental birds and rats is just a few ${\mu}$A, they show various abnormal behaviors. The anomalous animal behaviors under the small ground electric field may have some relations to the actual phenomena before great earthquake.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1259-1281
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• 2014

This research has been conducted in order to investigate the effects of peak ground velocity (PGV) of near-field earthquakes on base-isolated structures mounted on Single Friction Pendulum (SFP), Double Concave Friction Pendulum (DCFP) and Triple Concave Friction Pendulum (TCFP) bearings. Seismic responses of base-isolated structures subjected to simplified near field pulses including the forward directivity and the fling step pulses are considered in this study. Behaviour of a two dimensional single story structure mounting on SFP, DCFP and TCFP isolators investigated employing a variety range of isolators and the velocity (PGV) of the forward directivity and the fling step pulses as the main variables of the near field earthquakes. The maximum isolator displacement and base shear are selected as main seismic responses. Peak seismic responses of different isolator types are compared to emphasize the efficiency of each one under near field earthquakes. It is demonstrated that rising the PGVs increases the isolator displacement and base shear of structure. The effects of the forward directivity are greater than the fling step pulses. Furthermore, TCFP isolator is more effective to control the near field effects than the other friction pendulum isolators are. This efficiency is more significant in pulses with longer period and greater PGVs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.791-795
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• 2000

Amorphous chalcogenide glasses have a wide variety of light-induced effects. In this study, we have investigated the diffraction efficiency of chalcogenide. As$_{40}$ Ge$_{10}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$ thin films by the various applied electric fields. The holographic grating in these thin films has been formed using a linearly polarized He-Ne laser light (633nm). The diffraction efficiency was investigated the two method of applied electric field in the perpendicular and parallel to the direction of inducing beam. We obtained that properties of diffraction efficiency in the two methods of applied electric field. The result is shown that the diffraction efficiency of parallel electric field is 285% increase, η=1.1$\times$10$^{-3}$ and the diffraction efficiency of perpendicular electric field is 80% decrease, η=9.83$\times$10$^{-5}$ . Also, we have investigated the anisotropy property on chalcogenide thin films by the electric field effects.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.179-190
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• 2018

Translation of tornadoes is an important feature in replicating the near-ground tornado flow field which has been simulated in previous studies based on Ward-type tornado simulators using relative motion of the ground plane. In this laboratory investigation, effects of translation on the near-ground tornado flow field were studied using the ISU Tornado Simulator that can physically translate over a ground plane. Two translation speeds, 0.15 m/s and 0.50 m/s, that scale up to those corresponding to slowly-moving tornadoes in the field were selected for this study. Compared with the flow field of a stationary tornado, the simulated tornado with translation had an influence on the spatial distribution and magnitude of the horizontal velocities, early reversal of the radial inflow, and expansion of the core radius. Maximum horizontal velocities were observed to occur behind the center of the translating tornado and on the right side of its mean path. An increase in translation speed, resulted in reduction of maximum horizontal velocities at all heights. Comparison of the results with previous studies that used relative motion of the ground plane for simulating translating tornadoes, showed that translation has similar effects on the flow field at smaller radial distances (~2 core radius), but different effects at larger radial distances (~4 core radius). Further, it showed that the effect of translation on velocity profiles is noticeable at and above an elevation of ~0.6 core radius, unlike those in studies based on the relative motion of the ground plane.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.833-839
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• 2009

The calculation of the wind field for resource assessment is done by using CFD Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations performed with the commercial software WindSim. A new interface has been created to use mesoscale simulation data from a meteorological model as driving data for the simulations. This method makes it necessary to take into account thermal effects on the wind field to exploit the full potential of this method. The procedure for considering thermal effects in CFD wind field simulations as well as the impact of thermal effects on the wind field simulations is presented. Simulations for non-neutral atmospheric conditions with the developed method are consistent with expected behavior and show an improvement of simulation results compared with observations.