• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.210-223
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• 2012

This study is aimed to identify environmental management expert's competencies, to analyze educational need, and to improve curriculum of Global Environmental Management major of 'Seoul National University'. Environmental experts are divided into three groups through 'the right people' of the Global Environmental Management major: environmental management businessman, environmental management policy maker, environmental management international cooperator. This study selected three high-performers of each categories through recommendation and made them build a competency model for what the high-performer's behavioral characteristics is. And the educational needs analysis was carried out by practitioners in environmental management field. This study ordered the priority of educational needed competencies by method of Borich's proposal. The high priority of competencies that should be educated preferentially are as follows: responding to environmental policy, analyzing domestic & foreign environmental policy and design international environmental cooperation project. To be secure the consistency with the field need and university curriculum, it is needed to find various interventions in environmental management education and to improve curricula focused on specific competencies.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.487-503
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• 2008

In this paper, descriptive assessment method for middle school mathematics was evaluated by developing a framework for designing and grading problems for descriptive assessment and analyzing the effectiveness of the problems. The new descriptive assessment problems were developed by reviewing the current 7th National Mathematics Curriculum of Korea and aligned mathematics textbooks to define a set of problem design principles and evaluation framework for the assessment strategy. The developed problems were first pilot tested and then revised based on the feedback from the test. The final version was field tested by 100 students in 7th grade middle school. After the field test, the problems were graded by two middle school math teachers and one math education researcher to determine the overall correlation between graders and also to analyze effectiveness of the evaluation framework of the test. This result of this study is expected to assist in the further development of descriptive problems and grading framework by providing a reference work for teachers to better understand the process and the limitations of executing the new assessment strategy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.805-820
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• 2016

A fully coupled non-linear effective stress response finite difference (FD) model is built to survey the counter-intuitive recent findings on the reliance of pore water pressure ratio on foundation contact pressure. Two alternative design scenarios for a benchmark problem are explored and contrasted in the light of construction emission rates using the EFFC-DFI methodology. A strain-hardening effective stress plasticity model is adopted to simulate the dynamic loading. A combination of input motions, contact pressure, initial vertical total pressure and distance to foundation centreline are employed, as model variables, to further investigate the control of permanent and variable actions on the residual pore pressure ratio. The model is verified against the Ghosh and Madabhushi high acceleration field test database. The outputs of this work are aimed to improve the current computer-aided seismic foundation design that relies on ground's packing state and consistency. The results confirm that on seismic excitation of shallow foundations, the likelihood of effective stress loss is greater in deeper depths and across free field. For the benchmark problem, adopting a shallow foundation system instead of piled foundation benefitted in a 75% less emission rate, a marked proportion of which is owed to reduced materials and haulage carbon cost.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop a Korean version of an ICF e-Learning tool (KICF e-Learning tool). Methods: The process of translation and adaptation of the ICF e-Learning tool was followed: two translators developed the Korean versions independently, and a consensus version of the translation was then produced. An expert committee, which was composed of five experts from physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, and social welfare, reviewed the consensus Korean version to make a beta version of the tool. A field test was conducted to determine if the Korean version of the tool was easy to understand and suitable to use in ICF learning. Feedback from the field test were used for the final adaptation of the KICF e-Learning tool. Results: One-hundred and twenty-six volunteers (40 males and 76 females) were invited to examine the KICF e-Learning tool. The participants reported various levels of ICF knowledge from none to very good. Forty-eight participants reported no knowledge of ICF. The majority of participants (n=84) reported that Korean terms or expression in the tool were easy to understand and one-hundred fourteen participants would recommend the tool to another person. The Korean cases would be helpful for a Korean audience to study the ICF using the tool. Conclusion: The KICF e-Learning tool was developed and is ready for use by the public for the consistency of ICF education. On the other hand, development of an advanced module will be needed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.6
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• pp.743-765
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• 2022

Near-surface excavations may cause the tilting and destruction of the adjacent superstructures in big cities. The stability of a huge excavation and its nearby superstructures was studied in this paper. Some test instruments monitored the deformation and loads at the designed location. Then the numerical models of the excavation were made in FLAC3D (a three-dimensional finite difference code) and Plaxis-3D (a three-dimensional finite element code). The effects of different supporting and reinforcement tools such as nails, piles, and shotcretes on the stability and bearing capacity of the foundation were analyzed through different numerical models. The numerically approximated results were compared with the corresponding in-field monitored results and reasonable compatibility was obtained. It was concluded that the displacement in excavation and the settlement of the nearby superstructure increases gradually as the depth of excavation rises. The effects of support and reinforcements were also observed and modeled in this study. The settlement of the structure gradually decreased as the supports were installed. These analyses showed that the pile significantly increased the bearing capacity and decreased the settlement of the superstructure. As a whole, the monitoring and numerical simulation results were in good consistency with one another in this practically important project.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.555-571
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• 2016

A hanging-type sand-retaining wall is a very common sand-blocking fence structure used to prevent sand movement. This type of wall is widely used along the Qinghai-Tibet and Gobi desert railways in Xinjiang, Western China. To analyze the characteristics of wind-sand flow fields under the effect of such a sand fence structure, a wind tunnel test and a field test were carried out. The wind tunnel test showed the zoning characteristics of the flow fields under the effect of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall, and the field test provided the sediment transport data for effective wind-proof interval and the sand resistance data in the front and behind the sand-retaining wall. The consistency of the wind-sand flow fields with the spatial distribution characteristic of wind-carried sand motion was verified by the correspondences of the acceleration zone in the flow field and the negative elevation points of the percentage variations of the sand collection rate. The spatial distribution characteristic of the field sand collection data further showed the spatial structural characteristic of the sandy air currents under the action of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall and the sand resistance characteristic of the sand-retaining wall. This systematic study on the wind-sand flow fields under the control of the hanging-type sand-retaining wall provides a theoretical basis for the rational layout of sand control engineering systems and the efficient utilization of a hanging-type sand-retaining wall.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2012

This study was carried out in the Chungnam National University grassland experimental field from October, 2007 to December, 2009 in order to find out the growth characteristics, seasonal anthesis distribution and botanical composition of the wildflowers which were altogether composed of 70% sheep fescue and 30% wildflowers. The experimental wildflower species contained 30 species in total to which sheep fescue (fundamental turfgrass), 8 native wildflowers, and 22 introduced wildflowers belonged. At the time of the anthesis of the wildflowers, the average length was 28.3 cm one year later and 34.5 cm two years later. They bloomed out into eight colors, but into simplified two colors during August, September, and October. The blooming season leant toward May and June and from August there was lots of difficulty in the wildflower blooming and the maintenance of their consistency. Especially, at the age of two (2009), the annual wildflowers after wintering were reduced but on account of domestic wildflowers the color, seasonal distribution, and consistency showed improved compared with those of one-year-old wildflowers. The annual ration of wildflowers, sheep fescue, and weed came to 25%, 61%, and 14% each one year later (2008) and 24%, 62%, and 14% each two years later (2009). Based on this result, cultivating wildflower grassland in the combination of native wildflowers and introduced wildflowers is estimated to be the proper method in the aspect of interaction.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1991

In this paper, a mixed variational principle applicable to the linear elasticity of inhomogeneous anisotropic materials is presented. For derivation of the general variational principle, a systematic procedure for the variational formulation of linear coupled boundary value problems developed by Sandhu et al. is employed. Consistency condition of the field operators with the boundary operators results in explicit inclusion of boundary conditions in the governing functional. Extensions of admissible state function spaces and specialization to a certain relation in the general governing functional lead to the desired mixed variational principle. In the physical sense, the present variational principle is analogous to the Reissner's recent formulation obtained by applying Lagrange multiplier technique followed by partial Legendre transform to the classical minimum potential energy principle. However, the present one is more advantageous for the application to the general anisotropic materials since Reissner's principle contains an implicit function which is not easily converted to an explicit form.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.317-323
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• 2005

Broadcast disks are suited for disseminating information to a large number of clients in mobile computing environments. In broadcast disks, the server continuously and repeatedly broadcasts all data items in the database to clients without specific requests. The clients monitor the broadcast channel and retrieve data items as they arrive on the broadcast channel. The broadcast channel then becomes a disk from which clients can retrieve data items. This paper proposes a Timestamp based Concurrency Control (TCC) scheme to preserve the consistency of read-only client transactions, when the values of broadcast data items are updated at the server. Previous schemes tried to reduce transaction aborts by consuming considerable amount of downlink communication from the server to clients for transferring control information. On the other hand, the TCC uses a timestamp field of each data item to describe execution order of server transactions. Clients can allow more transaction executions by checking consistency of their read-only transactions with timestamps of data items. As a result, the TCC can reduce the abort ratio of client transactions with minimal control information to be broadcast from the server.

• Archives of design research
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• v.21
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

DTP is an innovation of publishing arts act up to the social environmental change followed by the development of the computer and using a word processer. which makes us more convenient and economical. beside. consumer's various desires for design. DTP is getting more practical owing to convenience and economization. but. There is a limit on creativity by the typical working environment. Especially. A convenient tool environment has reduced the field of creativity on account of its consistency with only solving design problems. Result of study. The tool environment has rapidly improved in working environment and process compared with the handwork editing in the past. Particularly. Accidental creations caused by the computer program probably could narrow down the idea world with consistency which is expressed as a pleasure creation. Therefore. A design idea and process should be examined sufficiently by idea sketch before using a computer for original editing. And. As editorial design is based on the aesthetic formative principles. there should be not only how to operate by the tool but also a basic editing design instruction sufficiently for the electronic page design.