• 제목/요약/키워드: Fiber tract

검색결과 111건 처리시간 0.024초

TBSS(Tract-Based Spatial Statics)를 이용한 음주 시작연령에 따른 해마 영역 부위의 신경섬유의 비등방도 측정 (Measurement of the Anisotropy of Nerve Fibers in the Hippocampal Region according to the Drinking beginning Age using TBSS(Tract-Based Spatial Statics))

  • 곽종혁;김경립
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.781-790
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    • 2020
  • 음주 시작연령을 변수로 하여 30세 이상 50세 이하의 중장년층 남성을 대상으로 뇌 백질과 회백질의 손상 유무를 파악할 수 있는 확산텐서영상을 검사하여 영상을 획득한 후 Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS)방법으로 뇌 회백질 부위의 해마 영역 부위 신경섬유로의 비등방도 FA(fractional anisotropy)값을 측정 분석한 결과 모든 영역에서 음주 시작연령이 낮을수록 비등방성 측정값이 낮게 관찰되었지만 FA 값은 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구에서 측정한 FA 결과 값이 나타내는 연구결과는 즉, 음주 시작연령이 빠를수록 뇌 회백질의 해마 영역의 모든 신경학적이고 해부학적인 뇌 영역의 세부적인 형태학적 변화와 신경섬유조직에 심각하게 영향을 준다고 할 수 있으며 신경섬유로를 위해 및 손상시키고 알코올과 관련된 기능적 형태학적 변이에 영향을 끼친다고 할 수 있다.

Software development for the visualization of brain fiber tract by using 24-bit color coding in diffusion tensor image

  • Oh, Jung-Su;Song, In-Chan;Ik hwan Cho;Kim, Jong-Hyo;Chang, Kee-Hyun;Park, Kwang-Suk
    • 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한자기공명의과학회 2002년도 제7차 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.133-133
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    • 2002
  • Purpose: The purpose of paper is to implement software to visualize brain fiber tract using a 24-bit color coding scheme and to test its feasibility. Materials and Methods: MR imaging was performed on GE 1.5 T Signa scanner. For diffusion tensor image, we used a single shot spin-echo EPI sequence with 7 non-colinear pulsed-field gradient directions: (x, y, z):(1,1,0),(-1,1,0),(1,0,1),(-1,0,1),(0,1,1),(0,1,-1) and without diffusion gradient. B-factor was 500 sec/$\textrm{mm}^2$. Acquisition parameters are as follows: TUTE=10000ms/99ms, FOV=240mm, matrix=128${\times}$128, slice thickness/gap=6mm/0mm, total slice number=30. Subjects consisted of 10 normal young volunteers (age:21∼26 yrs, 5 men, 5 women). All DTI images were smoothed with Gaussian kernel with the FWHM of 2 pixels. Color coding schemes for visualization of directional information was as follows. HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value) color system is appropriate for assigning RGB(Red, Green, and Blue) value for every different directions because of its volumetric directional expression. Each of HSV are assigned due to (r,$\theta$,${\Phi}$) in spherical coordinate. HSV calculated by this way can be transformed into RGB color system by general HSV to RGB conversion formula. Symmetry schemes: It is natural to code the antipodal direction to be same color(antipodal symmetry). So even with no symmetry scheme, the antipodal symmetry must be included. With no symmetry scheme, we can assign every different colors for every different orientation.(H =${\Phi}$, S=2$\theta$/$\pi$, V=λw, where λw is anisotropy). But that may assign very discontinuous color even between adjacent yokels. On the other hand, Full symmetry or absolute value scheme includes symmetry for 180$^{\circ}$ rotation about xy-plane of color coordinate (rotational symmetry) and for both hemisphere (mirror symmetry). In absolute value scheme, each of RGB value can be expressed as follows. R=λw|Vx|, G=λw|Vy|, B=λw|Vz|, where (Vx, Vy, Vz) is eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of diffusion tensor. With applying full symmetry or absolute value scheme, we can get more continuous color coding at the expense of coding same color for symmetric direction. For better visualization of fiber tract directions, Gamma and brightness correction had done. All of these implementations were done on the IDL 5.4 platform.

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팽이버섯 부산물 발효에 따른 한우 거세우 반추위 성상 및 소화율에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Applying Microbial Additive Inoculants to Spent Mushroom Substrate (Flammulina velutipes) on Rumen Fermentation and Total-tract Nutrient Digestibility in Hanwoo Steers)

  • 백열창;정진영;오영균;김민석;이성대;이현정;도윤정;;최혁
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.569-586
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    • 2017
  • We inoculated a spent mushroom substrate from Flammulina velutipes (SMSF) with a microbial additive and assessed the effects on chemical composition, ruminal fermentation parameters, and total-tract nutrient digestibility. In Exp. 1, three cannulated Hanwoo steers were used in an in situ trial to determine the degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). In Exp. 2, three Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to experimental diets according to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square for a 3-week period (2 weeks for adaptation and 1 week for sample collection). Experimental diets included the control diet (3.75 kg/d formulated concentrate mixture + 1.25 kg/d rice straw), SMSF diet (3.19 kg/d formulated concentrate mixture + 1.25 kg/d rice straw + 0.56 kg/d SMSF), and inoculated SMSF (ISMSF) diet (3.19 kg/d formulated concentrate mixture + 1.25 kg/d rice straw + 0.56 kg/d ISMSF). The chemical composition of ISMSF did not differ from that of SMSF. Microbial additive inoculation decreased pH (P<0.05) and improved preservation for SMSF. The percentages of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in ISMSF were slightly lesser than those in SMSF. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and total-tract nutrient digestibility were not affected by diet. Overall, microbial additive inoculation improved preservation for SMSF and may allow improved digestion in the rumen; however, the total digestible nutrients (TDN) of SMSF and ISMSF diets were slightly lesser than the control diet. The ISMSF can be used as an alternative feedstuff to partially replace formulated concentrate feed.

Effects of ruminally degradable starch levels on performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets

  • Luo, Guobin;Xu, Wenbin;Yang, Jinshan;Li, Yang;Zhang, Liyang;Wang, Yizhen;Lin, Cong;Zhang, Yonggen
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.653-659
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    • 2017
  • Objective: This trial was performed to examine the effects of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) levels in total mixed ration (TMR) with low corn-based starch on the milk production, whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Methods: Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight [BW]: $717{\pm}63kg$; days in milk [DIM]: $169{\pm}29$) were assigned to a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 62.3% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, low RDS) or 72.1% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, high RDS). Changes to the ruminally degradable levels were conducted by using either finely ground corn or steam-flaked corn as the starch component. Results: The results showed that dry matter intake, milk yield and composition in dairy cows were not affected by dietary treatments. The concentration of milk urea nitrogen was lower for cows fed high RDS TMR than low RDS TMR. The whole-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude protein decreased, and that of starch increased for cows fed high RDS TMR over those fed low RDS TMR, with no dietary effect on the whole-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The proportion of urinary N excretion in N intake was lower and that of fecal N excretion in N intake was higher for cows fed high RDS TMR than those fed low RDS TMR. The N secretion in milk and the retention of N were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Total purine derivative was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Consequently, estimated microbial N flow to the duodenum was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Conclusion: Results of this study show that ruminally degradable starch levels can influence whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets, with no influence on performance.

Comparison of Digestive Function Among Rabbits, Guinea-Pigs, Rats and Hamsters. I. Performance, Digestibility and Rate of Digesta Passage

  • Chiou, Peter Wen-Shyg;Yu, Bi;Kuo, Chung-Yi
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제13권11호
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    • pp.1499-1507
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    • 2000
  • This trial was to compare the digestive function of laboratory animals, which included omnivores (rats) and herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters). Ten weanling rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and hamster were randomly allocated in individual metabolic cages for a performance and a digestibility trial. Results showed that guinea pigs were significantly best in digestion of dietary crude protein and fiber. Rabbits, however, had the poorest nutrient digestion among the herbivores. Crude fiber digested significantly less by rats than by the herbivores (p<0.05). The digesta retention in the GI tract was longest in rabbits followed by guinea pigs, rats and hamsters. The relative length of the large intestine was significantly shorter in rats as compared to guinea pigs or hamsters. Both the weight and length ratio of the caecum or colon-rectum to the large intestine reflected the major site for fermentation that was the caecum in rabbits and the colon-rectum in guinea pigs. 10% of crude fiber diet did not result in damaged mucosa in any of the experimental animals in this trial.

Dietary Fiber가 흰쥐의 철분흡수억제에 미치는 영향 (The Inhibitory Effect of Dietary Fiber on Iron Absorption in Growing Rats)

  • 이명숙;승정자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.115-125
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    • 1985
  • This study was undertaken to make comparative study on the effect of kinds(Cellulose, Agar) & contents(2.5%, 5%, 10%) of the dietary fiber with the normal Fe intakes(66ppm) on the Fe metabolism in rats during the four weeks of growth period Sixty-four male rats of wistar strain weighing $76.2\pm2.5g$ were randomly designed to one of the 8 groups. All the groups received basal diet with 9% casein and no acorbic acid. The results obtained are summarized following; 1) Feed consumption per 100g b.w. & body weight gain in normal Fe intake groups tended to be higher than Fe deficient groups, but, there was no significant difference among the 8 groups. However, body weight gain & feed consumption in cellulose sloops were significantly higher than agar groups in all the levels tested.(P<0.01). 2) Fecal Fe excretion per 100g b.w. increased significantly with increase in dietary fiber during the four weeks, but there was no significant increase in fecal weight per l00g b.w. & urinary Fe excretion. 3) Hemoglobin concentration & hematocrit decreased slightly in SFe-10% up with SFe - C group after fourth weeks, but, the difference was not significant. 4) In cellulose groups, serum-Fe remakendly decreased & TIBC increased with increase in the levels of cellulose during the fourth weeks. In agar groups, serum-Fe & TIBC tended to decrease with increased dietary fiber intake. Therefore, at high intakes of both fibers, the levels of transferrin saturation were similar to that of DFe group. 5) Contents of Fe in liver, kidney & spleen increased significantly only in 10% agar diet. The remaining 7 groups did not differ significantly. It may imply agar affect in Fe utilization from storage in rats. In conclusion, inhibitory effect of dietary fiber on Fe absorption depended upon the kinds & level of consumption Results from the present study shoves the effects of purified dietary fiber on Fe absorption in gastrointestinal tract and it may be different from those of dietary fibers consumed as a part of complex diet.

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Gluconoacetobacter hansenii에 의해 생산된 섬유소 섭취가 흰쥐의 소화기관과 지질대사에 미치는 영향 (Dietary Effects of Fiber Produced from G\ulcorneruconocacetobacter hansenii on Digestive Tract and Lipid Metabolism in Rats)

  • 조성희;이지연;최경호;최영선
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.802-807
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    • 2002
  • 본 실험은 초산균인 Glwonncetobacter hansenii에 의해 코코넛 배지에서 생성된 막인 bacterial fiber가 흰쥐의 장 전반과 소장의 이당류 효소활성 및 체내 지질상태에 미치는 영 향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 흰쥐를 0.5% 콜레스테롤 식이로 사육하였으며 섬유소원으로 bacterial fiber를 식이의 2%로 첨가 하였으며, 효과를 비교할 실험군들에게는 섬유소원으로 식물성 cellulose와 pectin을 같은 수준으로 식이에 첨가하여 사육 하였다. 실험 4주간 동안 식이섭취량 및 체중 증가량은 세군간에 차이가 없었다. 소장의 길이, 무게 등은 군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 소장점 막 sucrase활성이 bacterial fiber군에서 감소하였고, maltase 활성도 감소하는 경향이었다. 맹장의 무게가 bacterial fiber군에서 증가하였으나, 결장의 무게에는 영향이 없었고, 결장 내용물 및 건조분변량이 감소하였다 혈장 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 세군중에서 pectin군이 유의적으로 낮았고 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 반대로 pectin군에서 높았다. 혈장과 간조직의 중성지방 함량은 모두 bacterial fiber군에서 다른 군들에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았다. 간조직 콜레스테롤 함량은 pectin군에서 낮았다. 간조직의 상대적 무게는 군간에 차이가 없었고, 혈장 GOT 및 GPT 활성도 bacterial fiber군에서 다른 두 군에 비하여 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과, 실험에서 사용한 bacterial fiber는 체내의 중성지방 수준을 낮추어 지질 상태를 개선 할 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주어 이에 대한 기전과 이 작용의 활용에 대한 연구가 요망된다. 본 실험에서는 콜레스테롤 및 소장의 구조와 소화효소에는 큰 영향을 주지 않았으나 사용하는 섬유소의 수준을 보다 높이거나 다른 섬유소와 복합적으로 사용하는 경우, 또 동물의 나이에 따라 다른 결과가 도출될 수도 있으리라고 사료되어 앞으로의 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

레이저 산란 기법을 이용한 인체 기도 내 섬모 운동 신호의 분석에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Analysis of Ciliary Beat Frequency in Human Respiratory Tract n Vivo)

  • 이원진;이재서;이재서;이철희;권태영
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.339-344
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    • 2000
  • 기도에 존재하는 섬모는 인체의 방어기전으로서 중요한 역할을 하며 섬모운동의 장애는 여러 가지 기도질환을 유도하는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 기도 내 섬모의 운동을 생채 내에서 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하여 섬모 운동 주파수(ciliary beat frequency, CBF)를 autoregressive(AR) 스펙트럼 분석을 통하여 정량화하였다. 생체 내에서 운동하고 있는 섬모의 주파수를 측정하기 위해서 레이저와 광섬유 프루브를 사용하는 광전신호(photoelectric signal)방법을 응용하였다. 섬모운동에 의해 산란된 레이저 빛은 광섬유 프루브에 의해 탐지되어 포토 다이오드에서 전기적인 신호로 전환된다. 시리얼 통신을 통하여 PC로 전송된 디지털 섬모운동 신호는 화면에 디스플레이 되며 AR 스펙트럼 방법에 의해 실시간으로 CBF가 결정될 수 있다. 인체의 비강 중비갑개 전단부(anterior end of middle turbinate)에서 직접적으로 프루브를 적용하여 획득된 신호를 분석하였다. 8명의 정상인에 대하여 분석한 결과 CBF는 5에서 10Hz 사이에서 분포했으며 평균적으로 7.3$\pm$1.1Hz 값을 나타냈다. 이는 현재까지 알려진 CBF 값과 유사한 결과이며 측정된 값들의 표준편차도 또한 보고된 결과와 유사한 양상을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 약물에 대한 섬모운동의 영향 및 질별 발달 과정에서의 섬모 운동의 변화 분석 등의 임상 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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Effects of Dietary Nitrogen Sources on Fiber Digestion and Ruminal Fluid Characteristics in Sheep Fed Wheat Straw

  • Tan, Z.-L.;Lu, D.-X.;Hu, M.;Niu, W.-Y.;Han, C.-Y.;Ren, X.-P.;Na, R.;Lin, S.-L.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권10호
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    • pp.1374-1382
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    • 2001
  • Fifteen Inner Mongolian wethers with permanent ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to study the effects of dietary rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratios or protein sources on fiber digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and ruminal fluid characteristics. Fiber digestion and ruminal fermentation were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary RUP to RDP ratios (from 1.54 to 0.72). Soybean meal supplementation improved ruminal digestion. Fish meal supplementation increased (p<0.05) the ruminal degradability of fiber. The different RUP to RDP ratios (from 1.54 to 0.72) did not influence (p>0.05) ruminal fluid pH, but there were differences (p<0.05) in ruminal fluid $NH_3-N$ concentration because of urea replacement. Soybean meal as a dietary protein source decreased (p<0.05) ruminal fluid pH and increased (p<0.05 or p<0.01) $NH_3-N$, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations in the rumen. Fish meal as a dietary protein source decreased (p<0.05 or p<0.01) ruminal $NH_3-N$ and acetate concentrations and increased (p<0.05) ruminal propionate concentration. It can be concluded that dietary protein sources have more significant effect on fiber digestion and ruminal fermentation than different dietary RUP to RDP ratios, when the dietary crude protein requirements of growing sheep are satisfied.

Effects of body weight and fiber sources on fiber digestibility and short chain fatty acid concentration in growing pigs

  • Zhao, Jinbiao;Liu, Xuzhou;Zhang, Yi;Liu, Ling;Wang, Junjun;Zhang, Shuai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권12호
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    • pp.1975-1984
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    • 2020
  • Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.