• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipid composition of liver in rat fed high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly divided into groups of one normal diet, and four high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol (1%) diet groups were classified into xylooligosaccharides free diet (C group), 5% xylooligosaccharides diet (C5XO group), 10% xylooligosaccharides diet (C10XO group), and 15% xylooligosaccharides diet (C15XO grcup) according to the levels of dietary xylooligosaccharides supplementation. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks. The hepatic lipid contents, cholesterol and triglycerides in xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups were significantly lower than those of C group. An antithrombGsis index, a ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of liver was significantly increased in 10% xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups compared to that of C group. The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, a rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups was more significantly increased than in C group. These results suggest that dietary xylooligosaccharide may be act as potential substitute for a dietary fiber to improve lipids metabolism in rat fed high cholesterol diet.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

This study analyzed the major chemical components of raw and dried persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Raw and dried persimmons contained (respectively) 85.52% and 47.36% moisture, 0.10% and 0.13% crude fat, 0.30% and 1.89% crude protein, and 0.56% and 2.0% crude fiber. The main free sugar components in both raw and dried persimmons were glucose and fructose. Seventeen amino acids were identified in the dried persimmons, amongst which the dominant ones were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and arginine. The total amino acid content of raw and dried persimmons was 3,130.76 ppm and 12,849.33 ppm, respectively. The major fatty acids in total lipids were palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and linolenic acid in both raw and dried persimmons. The raw persimmons had 23.22% palmitoleic acid and 32.70% linolenic acid, suggesting that they have a high ratio of unsaturated fatty acids. The mineral content of both raw and dried persimmons was Na < Fe < Ca < P < K.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.241-255
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• 1975

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of fermented feed by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger on the improvement of feed value and the effect of fermented feed additive for meat production of broiler. The results of fermented feed on the improvement of feed value were as follows; I; The effects of fermented feed value improvement were as follaws; 1) There were little difference between fermented feeds by Asp. oryzae and Asp. niger, compared with wheat bran, crude protein contents of Koji was highly increased and its nitrogen free extract and crude fat contents were decreased, but crude fiber and ash were little difference. 2) Total amino acids were highly increased as to fermented feeds but proline in Asp. niger koji feed, and proline and valine in Asp. oryzae koji feed were decreased and other amino acid were increased 2) The effect of fermented feeds on meat production of broiler were as follows; 1) Fermented feeds groups appeared higher weight (p<0.01)than weight of control on end of experimental period, but little difference were recognized between 5% and 10% fermented feed groups. 2) On the weight gain per day, highly significant were recognized(p<0.05) between control and test groups, 10% Asp. oryzae koji group was highest ($12.15{\pm}0.46g$) between all groups. 3) On the yield of carcass, there were significant highly difference (p<0.01) between control and test groups but little difference were recognized between each of 5% groups and 10% groups of fermented feeds. 4) Fermented feed groups appeared higher carcass yield (p (0<0.05) than control. But between all fermented feed groups were a little difference in partly. 5) On the influence of fowl meat composition, amount of moisture contents was a little decrease in fermented feed groups, and crude protein and crude fat were increased. 6) Feed conversion rate resulted a little amount decreasing. Specially, 10% Asp oryzae koji group was lowest (2.89) compare with control (3.35) 3. As a result of economical analysis appeared highest low income in koji groups. Low income were more gained percent of 40.22 in 10% Asp oryzae koji and 33.19 in 10% Asp. niger koji than control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.816-821
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• 2005

Chemical characteristics and physiological activities of plums (Oishiwase and Formosa) were evaluated. Proximate composition of plums consisted of (w/w) 1.9-6.2% protein, 2.3-7.1% fat, 3.5-4.1% ash, and 84,1-88,7% carbohydrate. Organic acids, such as oxalic, malic, succinic, and acetic acids were detected, except in Oishiwse acetic acid was not detected. Free sugars consisted of sorbitol, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Total fiber and total phenolics compounds of plum rind were higher than those of flesh. Electron-donating abilities of rind ethanol extracts were higher than those of BHA and tocopherol, and were twofold higher than those of flesh extracts. Nitrite-scavenging abilities of rind and flesh extracts were significantly higher (over 97%) at pH 1.2 and 3.0. Tyrosinase-inhibitory activities ranged 88.5 to 100%. SOD-like activities of all extracts were weak at 22.7 to 27.2%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1503-1510
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical properties of Korean Citrus sudachi fruit which were harvested at different harvesting time(every 20 days from Sep. 3 to Nov. 8) and region(Seogwipo and Cheju city area). The average weight of Citrus sudachi fruit harvested from Seogwipo area was as twice as that of Cheju area at the same period. The moisture content in fruit peel increased by ripening of fruit, but that of fruit juice showed no difference. The content of reducing sugar in fruit peel and fruit juice increased 2 times from Sep. 3 to Nov. 8. The content of crude fiber decreased both in fruit peel and fruit juice as progression of ripening. Crude protein and ash contents decreased in fruit peel but revealed no differences in the fruit juice during the same period. pH decreased in fruit peel and juice with its ripening. The content of vitamin C decreased by ripening of fruit. The transmittance which is important quality factor in fruit juice increased from Sep. 20 to Oct. 13. The content of free sugar increased about 2 times in fruit peel from Sep. 3 to Nov. 8 and showed 4 times increase in fruit juice at the same period. In the composition ratio of mineral, Ca and K were abundant in the fruit peel, but only K was the most abundant mineral in fruit juice than any others.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2014

Abundance and composition of marine debris on 13 beaches of Tongyeong City, South Korea were surveyed in 2013 Autumn. The average quantity of macro debris (>25 mm) was about 30 particle/$m^2$ and that of micro debris (1 mm-25 mm) was about 26,971 particle/$m^2$. This is a very high level compared with other areas of South Korea and the other countries. Among the 7 material types of debris (styrofoam, hard plastic, fiber, metal, glass, wood and others), styrofoam composed a large portion: 75% of macro debris and 98% of micro debris. And among the 'whole' styrofoam debris items whose original volume is remained more than 50%, styrofoam buoy debris composed 93%. This result suggests that the beaches surveyed are seriously contaminated by marine debris, and most of its sources are aquaculture styrofoam buoys. Management of styrofoam buoy debris used for oyster aquaculture in Tongyeong City is important not only for Tongyeong city, but also for other areas, because Tongyeong city hosts the biggest number of oyster aquaculture areas in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.768-772
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• 2010

In this study, the neuronal cell protective effects of methanol extract from cheonggukjang were evaluated. The proximate composition and total phenolics of the methanol extract were 40.95% crude protein, 22.49% crude fat, 15.99% nitrogen free extract, 7.91% moisture, 6.74% crude ash, 5.92% crude fiber, and 28.43 mg/g of total phenolics. Intracellular ROS accumulation resulting from $H_2O_2$ treatment of PC12 cells was significantly reduced when methanol extract was present in the media compared to PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only. In a cell viability assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT), the methanol extract showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium was also inhibited. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of the methanol extract against acetylcholinesterase was dose-dependent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2013

Proximate composition, total phenolics and total flavonoids level, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity were determined in the methanol extracts of different plant parts of Youngia sonchifolia at reproductive growth stage. Crude protein and crude fat were present as the highest amount in flowers, and crude fiber in the stems and roots. The highest content of phenolics [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ dry weight (DW)] was found in flowers (highest) and followed by leaves, stems and roots (lowest). Flavonoids [mg rutin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] level, however, showed the highest in leaf extracts and lowest in root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts from the plants dose-dependently increased DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (%). DPPH radical scavenging activity were highest in root extracts ($IC_{50}=1,135.6\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) and followed by leaf, stem and flower extracts. By way of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, methanol extracts of roots showed the highest anticancer activity on human cancer cell line Calu-6 for human pulmonary carcinoma ($IC_{50}=196.3\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) and HCT-116 for human colon carcinoma ($IC_{50}=623.6\;mg\;kg^{-1}$).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.7
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• pp.79-84
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• 1966

1. In order to elucidate the differences between varieties of Korean soybean, forty-nine subjects were examined for their chemical constituents. Their proportions varied considerably with the differences in variety. The moisture varied from 10.93% to 12.57%(aver. 11.95%), protein; 33.79% to 47.00%(aver. 39.8%) crude fat; from 16.32% to 24.79%(aver. 19.2%), crude fiber; from 3.03% to 5.57%(aver. 3.98%), ash; from 3.95% to 5.23%(aver. 4.6%) and nitrogen free-extracts (earbohydrates); from 16.58% to 26,81% (aver. 20.57%) Chemical composition of soybean was affected by the varieties as well as their localities of growth. 2. Of the total protein, 33.26% based on the soybean meal was soluble protein and 1.94% insoluble protein in average.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1972

In order to study the processing adaptability of naked barley, SEDOHADAKA variety produced in Cheolanam-do(1971) was milled after polishing and examined with respect to its proximate principles, amino acid composition, viscosity, raising power, and amylose content, alkali number, blue value and X-ray diffraction pattern of its starch. The results are summarized as fllows: 1) Crude fiber content of naked barley which was milled at 81.6% (A), 79.2% (B) and 74.1% (C) was $2.48{\sim}2.36%$, indicating higher level than wheat flour. 2) Whereas the initial gelatinization temperature of naked barley flour was similar to that of wheat flour, the value of naked barley starch was $89.5^{\circ}C$, higher than that of wheat starch, Amylose content of naked barley starch was 28.5%, similar to wheat starch. 3) Raising power of naked barley starch was generally lower than that common cereal starches. 4) According to the X-ray diffraction pattern diagram, the degree of crystallization was lower in naked barley starch than in non-glutinous rice starch.