• 한국음향학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 KVLCC2 선체 축소모형에 설치된 추진시스템의 세부 구성품별 유동 소음원을 분석하였으며, 각각의 소음원이 수중방사소음에 미치는 영향에 대해 정량적으로 분석하였다. 수치 해석 영역은 실험 결과와의 비교를 위하여 선박해양플랜트연구소 대형 캐비테이션 터널의 시험부와 동일하게 설정하였다. 먼저 유동장내 소음원을 정확하게 모사하기 위하여 고정밀 해석기법인 비압축성 다상 Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation 방법을 적용하였고, 유동해석 결과를 기반으로 Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings 적분방정식을 사용하여 수중방사소음을 예측하였으며, 터널 실험결과와의 비교를 통해 해석절차의 유효성을 확인하였다. 추진시스템의 유동 소음원별 영향을 정량적으로 비교하기 위하여 추진기 날개 끝-와류 공동, 날개 표면 그리고 방향타 표면을 소음원 영역으로 선정하였으며, 음압과 파워 스펙트럼 밀도, 음향 파워를 비교하였다. 공동에 의한 홀극 소음원의 기여도가 추진기 날개 및 방향타에 의한 쌍극 소음원에 비해 수중방사소음에 크게 기여하였으며, 추진기 후류의 영향으로 방향타에 의한 기여도가 추진기 보다 더 크게 발생함을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.250-261
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 펌프젯 추진기를 대상으로 공동, 비공동 조건에서의 유동 소음원을 규명하기 위하여 추진기의 각 구성품인 덕트와 스테이터, 로터에 의한 소음 기여도를 평가하였으며, 공동과 비공동 조건에서의 소음 수준을 비교하였다. 대형 캐비테이션 터널 내 Suboff 잠수함 선형과 펌프젯 추진기를 대상으로 균일혼상류 가정의 비정상 비압축성 Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) 방정식을 적용하였으며, 이상 유동을 모사하기 위해 Volume of Fluid(VOF) 기법과 Schnerr-Sauer 공동 모델을 적용하였다. 유동해석 결과를 기반으로 수중방사소음을 예측하기 위해 Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) 방정식 기반의 음향상사법을 적용하였으며, 덕트와 스테이터, 로터로 구성된 3개의 비투과성 적분면과 추진기를 감싸는 형태의 2가지 투과성 적분면을 선정하여 소음 기여도를 평가하였다. 소음 예측결과로부터 스테이터는 전체 소음에 대한 직접적인 기여도는 낮으나 덕트와 로터에서의 유동 박리에 의한 소음원 형성에는 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며, 유동이 박리되는 연직상방과 우측방향으로 소음이 크게 방사되었다. 또한 로터에서는 날개의 흡입면과 압력면 간의 압력 섭동에 의해 추진방향으로 소음이 크게 방사되었으며, 투과성적분면을 통해 체적 소음원인 공동의 효과를 반영할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

In this study, an aero-acoustic analysis around pantograph of a high speed train is performed. Computational technique and grid system is validated with wind tunnel test result and unsteady acoustic pressure data are used for analyzing noise level of each part of pantograph. FLUENT is used for flow analysis and LES(Large Eddy Simulation) is applied for analyzing turbulent flow. For acoustic analysis, Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) acoustics model is used and it bring the aero-acoustic characteristic of pantograph. As the result, contact strip, knee, substructure of pantograph is confirmed as a main source of aero-acoustic noise and it is dealt in various frequencies. The result is expected to help building improved grid system.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2016

Underwater cavitation is one of the most important issues because it causes not only vibration and erosion of submerged bodies but also significant flow noise problems. In this paper, flow noise due to cavitation flows around the NACA66 MOD hydrofoil is numerically investigated. The cavitation flow simulation is conducted using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations based on finite difference methods. To capture the cavitation phenomena accurately and effectively, the homogeneous mixture model with the Merkle's cavitation model is applied. The predicted results are compared with available experimental data in terms of pressure coefficients and volume fraction, which confirms the validity of numerical results. Based on flow field analysis results, hydro-acoustic noise field due to the cavitation flow is predicted using the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation derived from the Lighthill's acoustic analogy. The typical lift dipole propagation patterns are identified.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.413-418
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• 2000

The noise sources from a rotating cylinder were identified to describe the blunt trailing edge noise. Firstly, LES formulation was applied to a non-orthogonal grid system and was tested with three-dimensional cross-flow over a cylinder with a yaw angle. The computed far-field noise showed peaks at Strouhal numbers ranging from 0.135 to 0.165 for the yawed cylinder flow with end-plates placed at both extremes under the yaw angle of $30^{\circ}$ and Reynolds number of $1.15{\times}10^4$. It was observed that the slantwise shedding at angles other than the cylinder yaw angle is intrinsic to inclined cylinder, with the result of shedding angles between $15^{\circ}$ and $31^{\circ}$. To study the trailing-edge wake thickness and unsteady lift-coefficient distribution in the span-wise direction of a rotating fan blade, the flows around rotating cylinder with 1,000 rpm were simulated and the far-field noise was exactly computed using the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation with quadrupole source term. The incoming velocities and stagnant zones were continuously distributed along the cylinder, and their changes made the Strouhal sheddings to occur at different phases even at almost same Strouhal number.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.701-713
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• 2003

The BEM is a highly efficient method in the sense of economical computation. However, boundary integration is not easy for the complex geometry and moving surface, e.g. a rotating blade. Thus, Kirchhoff surface is designed in an effort to overcome the difficulty resulting from complex boundary conditions. A Kirchhoff surface is a fictitious surface which envelopes acoustic sources of main concern. Acoustic sources may be distributed on each Kirchhoff surface element according to their acoustic characteristics. In this study, an axial fan is assumed to have unsteady loading noise as a dominant source. Dipole sources can be modeled to solve the FW-H equation. Acoustic field is then computed by determining Kirchhoff surface on which near-field is implemented, to analyze the effect of Kirchhoff surface on it. The optimal shape and the location of Kirchhoff surface are discussed by comparing with experimental data acquired in an anechoic chamber.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2003

Pantograph design Process must be considered in terms of stability of aerodynamics and reduction of aeroacoustics. Furthermore pantograph needs to be insensible to severe circumstance condition like typhoon, tunnel, a change of season. In this paper, robust design of panhead sections is conducted based on the Taguchi's design of experiment method. In the aeroacoustic noise analysis, an acoustic analogy using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) equation is used to calculate the flow induced sound pressure level in aeroacoustics. From the near-field CFD analysis data, the far-field noise is predicted at the positions of 25 m away from Pantograph. Based on aerodynamic(CFD) and aeroacoustic(FW-H) analysis data, the optimal sizing and Positioning of panhead elements are determined using robust design optimization method. Design parameters such as thickness, length and radius are controllable factors, while outdoor air temperature and atmospheric pressure are considered as uncontrollable factors in the context of Taguchi's approach. A number of CFD simulation and aeroacoustic analysis are performed based on orthogonal arrays. In this paper, two-step optimization method is used as a parameter design procedure. It is executed using signal to noise(S/N) ratio and analysis of means(ANOM) method. So Thus, an optimal level of design parameters Is extracted to minimize the disconnection ration between contact strips and catenary system, and reduce the far-field aeroacoustic noise.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.311-318
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• 2013

The paper describes the prediction method for the unsteady flow field and the aeroacoustic noise of an small axial fan. The prediction method is comprised of various CFD conditions and acoustic analogy by using Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation. The diameter of tested axial fan is 170 mm and number of blade is 5. Virtual anechoic room which has same size with real one was used for CFD. URANS and LES models were used. For mesh dependence study, a different mesh type was tested and optimized mesh was selected. Calculation conditions were also studied such as time step and turbulence model for accurate noise analysis. In this paper, we got optimum analysis conditions and computational results. The unsteady pressure fluctuation at given 4 points were compared between the measured data and computational results. Also, the predicted acoustic spectrum at 3 given microphone points were compared with measured ones.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.425-431
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• 2013

Nowadays, high speed train has settled down as a fast and convenient environment-friendly transportation and it's need is gradually increasing. However increased train speed leads to increased aerodynamic noise, which causes critically affects comfortability of passengers. Especially, the pantograph of high speed train is protruded out of train body, which is the main factor for increased aerodynamic noise. Since aerodynamic noise caused pantograph should be measured in high speed, it is difficult to measure it and to analysis aerodynamic noise characteristics due to the various types of pantograph. In this research, aerodynamic noise of pantograph is predicted by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) and FW-H (Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings) equation. Also, Wind tunnel test results and numerical simulation results were compared. As a result, Simulation results predicting sound pressure level is very similar with wind tunnel test result. To analyze contribution of the pantograph to the noise of high-speed train, simulation results compared with measurement results of exterior noise. The simulation reuslts found that pantograph is a dominant noise source of high-speed trains's exterior noise in low frequency section. This dominant noise was come out from vortex shedding of the panhead in the pantograph. This research will be utilized for reduce sound pressure level of pantograph.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 현재 일반 프로펠러 항공기에 사용 중인 둥근 팁 형상을 갖는 Hartzell 사 제작 프로펠러에 대해서 두께소음과 하중소음에 대한 예측을 시도하였다. 음향장 해석에 앞서서 프로펠러 표면상에 존재하는 압력분포는 자유후류 패널 방법과 비정상 베르누이 방정식을 이용하여 구하였다. 음향장 해석을 위해서는 FW-H의 음향상사 법칙을 적용하였다. 주어진 프로펠러 형상과 운전 조건에 대한 소음 예측으로부터 두께소음은 프로펠러 회전면을 기준으로 전방과 후방이 서로 비슷한 면대칭 분포를 갖는 반면에, 하중소음은 프로펠러 후방의 소음이 전방에 비해서 더 크게 나오는 결과를 보여주었다. 일반적인 운전조건에서는 전반적으로 하중소음이 두께소음보다 지배적인 결과를 보여주었다.