• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

Objectives : This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferation of CURCUMAE LONGAE Rhizoma extracts using MCF-7, human breast cancer cells. Methods : MCF-7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. At varying times after extract treatment, cells were harvested with scraper and processed for analysis of proliferation, cytotoxicity. Results : The extract of CURCUMAE LONGAE Rhizoma strongly inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Sulforhodamine B assay showed that the addition of ethanol extract of CURCUlVIAE LONGAE Rhizoma reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : So, it can be concluded that CURCUMAE LONGAE Rhizoma have an inhibitive effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

The effect of KTC-1, a new semisynthetic rifamycin antituberculous drug, on general toxicity, reproductive capability and fetal development was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were administered KTC-1 with mashed feed from 63 days before mating to the end of mating period, and female rats were given from 14 days before mating to day 7 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 375, 750, and 1,500 ppm. The females were sacrificed on day 21 of gestation for examination of their fetuses. At 1,500 ppm, a reduction in body weight gain and testis atrophy were observed in male rats. Histological examination revealed testicular atrophy, absence or decrease of germinal cells, and vacuolization of Sertoli cells in testis. A reduction in body weight gain, a decrease in food consumption were found in female rats. In addition, decreases in the number of corpora lutea, iraplantations, and the litter size of live fetuses were seen. Mating, fertility, and pregnancy performances were also affected. There were no external abnormalities observed by examination of fetuses. At 750 ppm, a reduction in the body weight gain of male and female rats and decreases in the number of implantations and litter size were found. At 375 ppm, no treatment-related effects were observed. The results suggest that the no-effect dose levels (NOELs) of KTC-1 are 375 ppm for males and females on general toxicity, 750 ppm for males and females on reproductive capability, and 375 ppm for fetuses on embryonic development.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2001

목 적 : 교모세포종은 흔한 원발성 뇌종양이며 생물학적 특성상 빠른 성장률을 보이는 것 외에 침습성이 강하여 종양과 인접한 부분을 파괴 시킬 뿐 아니라 직접접촉하지 않는 부분의 파괴도 일어나게 되어 치료 예후가 매우 불량한 것으로 되어 있다. 광역학치료는 광감각제를 이용하며 광감각제는 적절한 파장의 광원에 노출되면 세포 내에서 산소독성 물질을 생성하여 세포괴사를 유도하는 것이 주 살해작용의 기전이다. 본 실험에서는 사람의 신경교종 세포주인 U87 세포를 이용하여 실험관 내에서 광감각제 photofrin을 이용한 광역학치료가 종양의 침습성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 동시에 이를 뇌종양치료의 새로운 방법으로 사용될 수 있는지의 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 교모세포종 세포주인 U87 세포를 여러 농도의 photofrin으로 처리한 후 632nm $100mJ/cm^2$의 고정된 광선조건에서 본 실험을 시행 하였으며 Microculture tetrazolium(MTT) assay를 이용하여 세포 살해능력을 측정하고 침습성은 matrigel artificial basement membrane assay 및 tumor spheroid fetal rat brain aggregate(FRBA) confrontation assay를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결 과 : MTT assay를 이용하여 측정한 광역학 치료의 세포살해능력은 $100mJ/cm^2$의 광선 세기에서 광감각제인 photofrin의 농도에 비례하여 세포 살해 능력을 보였다. Matrigel artificial basement membrane assay 를 이용한 종양 침습성 검사에서 광역학치료가 종양침습의 억제효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었으며 특히 세포 살해능력을 별로 보이지 않았던 photofrin 농도 2.5ug/ml에서 뚜렷한 침습억제효과를 나타내고 있었다(p<0.05). tumor spheroid fetal rat brain aggregate(FRBA) confrontation assay에서는 brain aggregate의 파괴와 종양의 침습을 관찰할 수 있었는데 파괴의 모양은 생체내에서 보이는 것과 비슷 하였다. 또한 그 정도와 범위는 처리된 Photofrin의 농도에 비례하여 종양침습이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과를 종합해 보았을 때 PDT는 종양세포의 침습성에 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며 PDT 는 세포 살해능력뿐 아니라 침습성에도 영향을 미침으로써 종양 치료에 유용한 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to assess the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of clomiphene citrate in mice. The pregnant mice were administered a single dose of clomiphene citrate at different concentrations i.e 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 ${\mu}g/g$ BW on day 8 of gestation. Fetuses recovered on day 18 of gestation were analyzed on morphological, morphometric and histological basis. Morphological observations showed defects like open eyelids, anophthalmia, fore and hindlimb micromelia, meromelia, amelia, sacral hygroma, hydrocephaly, hemorrhagic spots, kyphosis and clubbed feet. Morphometric analysis indicated a significant (p<0.001) reduction in fetal body weight, crown rump length, head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hindlimb lengths and tail size against controls. The histological observations showed brain defects like hydrocephaly, enlarged ventricles and undifferentiated neuroglial cells in cerebellum. Cleft palate, underdeveloped pharynx and atrophy of jaw muscles were the common anatomical defects of pharyngeal region. It is concluded that the concentrations of clomiphene citrate used during the present study proved teratogenic in mice fetuses.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2001

The present study analyze the morphological aspects of the cerebrum of mice with prenatal exposure to high and low dose (0.5, 1, 2 Gy) of $\gamma$-radiation on gestation day 12 or 16. The animal were allowed to give birth and the offspring were sacrificed at postnatal days 28 for gross and microscopic examination of cerebrum. Their body weight, brain weight, brain length, brain width, cortical thickness and area of cingulum bundle were examined. The histological and planimetric analysis were performed observing coronal sections. The gross malfomation (microcephaly) and abnormality of cortical architecture were prominent after exposure to 2 Gy on day 12 of gestation. significant dose-related reductions in body weight, brain weight, brain size were found in all irradiated groups. A significant change was found in thickness of the cerebral cortex and area of the cingulum bundle in the groups exposed to 0.5 Gy or more. There was no difference a lamina patter of six layers in cerebral cortex between the control and irradiated groups, but cell packing density increased significantly in the group exposed to 1 Gy or more. These results suggested that dose as low as 0.5 Gy could cause a morphologically reduce change in developing mouse cerebrum and exposure on day 12 of gestation to $\gamma$-irradiation is a particularly sensitive phase in causing malformation and abnormality of central nerve system.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.110-110
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• 2002

Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis has recently been reported in young women who have been on a slimming regimen including chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid, suspected as the causal factor of this renal disease, is a well known carcinogen. It has been known that Madouling (Aristolochiae fructus) contains aristolochic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Madouling, Madouling-tang, which are the extract mixture from 10 different chinese herbs including Madouling, and aristolochic acid on reproductive and developmental toxicity. Female rats were administered orally with the extracts of Madouling, madouling-tang, and aristolochic acid from 14 days before mating to day 17 of gestation. Madouling (8mg/kg) decreased fertility in the 8mg/kg group, but Madouling-tang and aristolochic acids did not. Significant decrease of mean fetal body weights were observed in the 16mg/kg group of aristolochic acids. External, visceral and skeletal malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. Histopathological examination showed the discrete damage of kidney in the 8mg/kg group of Madouling and 16mg/kg groups of aristolochic acid. In whole embryo culture, Madouling and Madouling-tang caused the retardation of growth and development of embryo in the dose of 1 $\mu$g/ml and 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively while aristolochic acids showed the similar effect in the dose of 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. These results indicate that Madouling, up to 0.05mg/kg (prescription dose to human) has no adverse effects on the fertility, reproduction and development of Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.190-204
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate for its effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were administered rhEGF at doses of 1, 10, 100, and 1000$\mu$g/kg/day, respective1y, by subcutaneous injection from 63 days before and throughout to mating period until the day before sacrifice. Female rats were administered rhEGF at the same doses from 14 days before mating to day 20 of gestation or to day 21 of lactation. We examined the male and female fertility indices and maternal toxicity of F0 parental animals. Also, we examined the external, visceral, or skeletal malformation of fetuses, growth and development, behavior, and/or reproductive performance of F1 animals. At the highest dose (1,000 $\mu$g/kg), the mean body weights of F0 animals were significantly increased in males and females at 3 or 2 weeks after treatment, respective1y. No clinical signs and food intakes were observed at any time during the experimental period by rhEGF treatment. In autopsy examination, the relative and absolute liver weights significantly increased in both sexes of 1,000 $\mu$g/kg. At the highest dose (1,000 $\mu$g/kg), there was a statistically significant increase of pregnancy period and the number of dead fetuses. Moreover, significant increase of mean fetal body weight and decrease of number of live fetuses, which related to the difficult dilivery were observed in highest dose group. In Fl examination, no adverse effects on external, visceral, and skeletal malformation, physical and functional development, behavior or reproductive ability of Fl animals were observed in any group. Also, there was no significant difference between control and treated groups in copulation or fertility indices of Fl animals. These results indicate that rhEGF had no adverse effect on fertility and reproductive ability of Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1990

본 연구는 악하선 세포를 배양하고 전리 방사선을 조사하여 배양 세포의 DNA 합성능의 변화와 염색체의 구조적 이상을 연구하였다. SG세포는 DME배지에 $10\%$ FBS와 항생제, fungizone등이 첨가된 배양액에 배양하였다. 배양 악하선 세포에 대한 전리 방사선의 조사는 선량별로 $^{60}Co$ gamma선원을 이용하여 (dose rate 58.4 rad/min)실시하였다. 배양세포의 DNA 합성에 관한 방사선의 효과는 $^{3}H-TdR$의 동조율(incorporation)을 측정하여 평가하였다. 전리 방사선에 의하여 유발된 배양 악하선 세포의 염색체 이상을 관찰하기 위한 염색체 표본제작은 일반적으로 널리 사용되고 있는 방법에 따랐으며, 제작된 슬라이드는 Giemsa염색액으로 단염색 하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 배양 악하선 세포의 DNA 합성능은 전리 방사선의 양이 증가함에 따라 그 합성능이 감소하였다. 2. 방사선 조사후 배양2일째에 그 DNA 합성능이 회복되었다. 3. 본 연구에 나타난 염색체 이상은 염색체 절단(single break과 double break), 결손, triradius등이었으며 polyploid도 관찰되었다. 4. 전리 방사선에 의해 유발된 염색체 이상은 선량의 증가에 따라 그 발생빈도 역시 증가되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

Some of endocrine disruptors with sexual hormone-like effects have been increasingly reported to be immunotoxic in many species in recent several years. Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Prenatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) has been reported to impair the androgen-dependent development of the male reproductive tract in rat. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effect of DBP was investigated in the developing immune system of fetal and neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were given to the doses of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$ body weight /day by gavage once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18. On GD19 or GD22/postnatal day one (PD1), the dams were euthanized, and the changes in organ weights and thymus phenotypes were examined for their offsprings. At 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day in maternal exposure group, GD19 fetuses showed decreases in body weight. The spleen/body weight ratios were reduced in GD 19 fetuses from the dams exposed to 500 and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day. There were no significant changes in thymus and spleen cellularities though these cellularities showed a tendency to decrease in a dose dependent way. In the DBP-exsposed GD22/PD1 offsprings, the body weights, the relative organ weights and the cellularities did not exhibit alteration. Additionally, the percentages of CD3$^{+}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) and CD3$^{-}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) thymocyte subsets were not changed in any DBP-treated group. The proliferative responses of splenic T cells to Con A and B cells to LPS were decreased in all DBP-exposed GD22/PD1 offsprings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Yacon (Samallanthus sonchifolius), a common edible plant grown throughout the world, is well known for its antidiabetic properties. It is also known to have several other pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer effects. To date, the effect of yacon on gliomas has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of yacon on the migration and proliferation of C6 glioma cells stimulated by fetal bovine serum (FBS). MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell growth and proliferation were determined by evaluating cell viability using an EZ-Cytox Cell Viability Assay Kit. FBS-induced migration of C6 glioma cells was evaluated by performing the scratch wound healing assay and the Boyden chamber assay. We also used western blot analysis to determine the expression levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a major regulator of migration and proliferation of glioma cells. Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured by performing reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: Yacon ($300{\mu}g/mL$) reduced both the FBS-induced proliferation of C6 glioma cells and the dose-dependent migration of the FBS-stimulated C6 cells. FBS-stimulated C6 glioma cells treated with yacon (200 and $300{\mu}g/mL$) showed reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of MMP 9 expression compared to those shown by the untreated FBS-stimulated C6 cells. In contrast, yacon (200 and $300{\mu}g/mL$) induced TIMP-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, we suggest that yacon may exert an anti-cancer effect on FBS-stimulated C6 glioma cells by inhibiting their proliferation and migration. The most likely mechanism for this is down-regulation of ERK1/2 and MMP9 and up-regulation of TIMP-1 expression levels.