• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1994

To investigate the factors of the improvement of cultivation methods according to the plant type, three Burley tobacco cultivars were done. Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivar were subsequently carried out in relation to different fertilizer levels. Results are summarized as below. Use of more fertilizer resulted in higher plant height and longer leaf length but smaller mean leaf inclination(MLI). The horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in parts distal to the stem and the vertical leaf area distribution became greater in lower half than in upper half as the amount of fertilizer applied was increased. Br. 49 was the largest but Br. 21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars. These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were heavier in the cultivars of larger MLI and increased with higher amount of fertilizer. Harvest index became greater as the amount of fertilizer decreased but not significantly differ among the cultivars. Total nitrogen content and nitrate - form nitrogen content were greater, more amount of fertilizer, and larger MLI cultivar plots. Total nitrogen content was higher in upper leaves. The filling power of tobacco leaves decreased but combustibility of leaves showed not significant trend as fertilizer application level increased.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

밭에서 호밀에 경운방법과 비료종류를 달리하였을 때 사초의 생산성, 품질 및 생산비를 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 본 시험은 2×2=4요인 시험으로 경운방법은 경운과 무경운을 두었으며, 비료종류는 화학비료와 퇴비를 두었다. 호밀의 건물률, TDN 수량 및 CP 수량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 경운의 건물수량은 무경운보다 많았다(P<0.01). 한편 비료종류에서는 화학비료의 건물수량, TDN 수량 및 CP 수량이 퇴비보다 많았다. 호밀의 조단백질 함량은 무경운이 경운보다 높았으나((P<0.05), 비료의 종류에서는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 호밀의 NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 호밀의 면적당 생산비는 경운이 무경운보다 많았으나, 원물, 건물 및 TDN 1kg당 생산비는 무경운이 많았다. 한편 비료의 종류에서는 화학비료의 면적당 생산비가 퇴비보다 많았으나 원물, 건물 및 TDN 1kg당 생산비는 화학비료가 적었다. 이는 경운과 화학비료가 무경운과 퇴비보다 사초수량이 많았기 때문이다. 이상의 시험결과를 볼 때 경운방법과 비료종류는 호밀의 품질보다 사초수량에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 경운과 화학비료가 무경운과 퇴비보다 호밀의 1kg당 생산비가 적었는데 이는 경운과 화학비료의 사초수량이 다른 처리구보다 많았기 때문이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1985

초형이 다른 3종의 수도 Isogenic line(Open-Spread- 및 Broom-type)을 5수준의 이앙밀도(47.62, 22.22, 15.15, 15.11 및 8.33주/$m^2$)와 4수준의 시비조건(증비, 보비, 감비 및 무비)에 공시하여 얻은 수량자료를 Multiple regression polynomial 수식으로 고정하고 편미분하여 밀도와 시비및 밀도$\times$시비의 작용력을 해석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 갈다. 1. 소식조건하에서의 밀도변동에 따른 수량 반응은 Broom-type이 가장 높고 예민하였다(도 1). 2. 이앙밀도의 작용력〔$\delta$f(D, F)/$\delta$D〕은 Open-, 및 Spread-type이 다비에서 높아지는 대신에Broom-type은 시비와 관계없이 소식 및 밀식에서 높은 경향이었다.(도 2). 3. 시비율의 작용력 〔$\delta$f(D, F)/$\delta$D〕은 0~1000kg/10a 범위로서 Open- 및 Spread-type에서는 밀식조건하에서 높았으나 Broom-type에서는 소식조건하에서 소비 및 다비의 작용력이 큰 경향이었다(도 3). 4. Broom-type의 소식조건하에서 밀도$\times$시비의 상호작용력 〔$\delta$$^2$F(D, F)/$\delta$D$\delta$F〕은 음성을 나타내었고, Open- 및 Spread-type은 표준 및 밀식과 증비 조건에서 양성을 나타내었다(도 4). 5. $m^2$당 11~14주의 소식조건하에서 추정되는 소요시비수준은 Open-type 이 1.3~1.5배비인 반면에 Broom-type은 1.5배비 이상의 수준인 것으로 판단되었다. 6. 소식에 의한 이앙노동의 생력화를 위해서는 다비수용이 가능한 Broom-type의 연구가 필요할 것으로 해석이 된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2017

Background: The natural ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) stable isotopes can be varied in some specific living organisms owing to various isotopic fractionation processes in nature. Therefore, the analysis of C, N, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng can provide a feasible method for determining ginseng authenticity depending on the cultivation land and type of fertilizer. Methods: C, N, and S stable isotope composition in 6-yr-old ginseng roots (Jagyeongjong variety) was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results: The type of cultivation land and organic fertilizers affected the C, N, and S stable isotope ratio in ginseng (p < 0.05). The ${\delta}^{15}N_{AIR}$ and ${\delta}^{34}S_{VCDT}$ values in ginseng roots more significantly discriminated the cultivation land and type of organic fertilizers in ginseng cultivation than the ${\delta}^{13}C_{VPDB}$ value. The combination of ${\delta}^{13}C_{VPDB}$, ${\delta}^{15}N_{AIR}$, or ${\delta}^{34}S_{VCDT}$ in ginseng, except the combination ${\delta}^{13}C_{VPDB}-^{34}S_{VCDT}$, showed a better discrimination depending on soil type or fertilizer type. Conclusion: This case study provides preliminary results about the variation of C, N, and S isotope composition in ginseng according to the cultivation soil type and organic fertilizer type. Hence, our findings are potentially applicable to evaluate ginseng authenticity depending on cultivation conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1971

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2009

경운방법과 비료종류를 달리하였을때 이탈리안 라이그라스의 사료수량과 품질을 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 본 시험은 $2{\times}2=4$ 요인시험으로 경운방법은 관행(경운과 로터리)과 무경을 두었으며, 비료종류는 화학비료와 퇴비를 두었다. 이탈리안 라이그라스의 초장, 건물률, 건물수량, TDN 수량 및 CP 수량은 경운방법에서 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 특히 무경운이 관행경운(경운+로터리)보다 건물수량, TDN 수량 및 CP 수량이 많았다. 그러나 비료의 종류에서는 처리간의 사초 생산성의 차이가 없었다. 이탈리안 라이그라스의 조단백질 함량은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 한편 ADF 및 NDF 함량에서는 무경운이 경운보다 많았으나 TDN 및 RFV 함량은 경운이 무경운보다 높았다. 비료의 종류에서 ADF 함량은 퇴비구가 높았으나 TDN 함량은 화학비료가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 이탈리안 라이그라스에서 경운방법은 무경운이 관행경운보다 수량은 많으나 품질은 낮았다. 한편 비료의 종류에서는 사초수량의 차이는 없고 품질 차이도 적었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of distribution of mating type (MAT) genes of Tuber indicum in ectomycorhizosphere soils from natural T. indicum-producing areas and cultivated truffle orchards and ascocarp samples from different regions. Quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR were used to weight the copy numbers of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in natural truffle soils and cultivated orchard soils. The effect of limestone on the pattern of truffle MAT genes and the correlation between soil properties and the proportion of MAT genes were also assessed. These results indicated that an uneven and nonrandom distribution of MAT genes was common in truffle-producing areas, cultivated truffle orchards, and ascocarps gleba. The competition between the two mating type genes and the expansion of unbalanced distribution was found to be closely related to truffle fructification. Limestone treatments failed to alter the proportion of the two mating type genes in the soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was significantly correlated with the value of MAT1-1-1/MAT1-2-1 in cultivated and natural ectomycorhizosphere soils. The application of real-time quantitative PCR can provide reference for monitoring the dynamic changes of mating type genes in soil. This study investigates the distributional pattern of T. indicum MAT genes in the ectomycorhizosphere soil and ascocarp gleba from different regions, which may provide a foundation for the cultivation of T. indicum.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.807-812
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• 2016

Soil amendment, especially addition of clay minerals, has been widely conducted to improve the physical and chemical properties of cultivated soils. However, there are no systematic studies on the effects of the structural type of clay minerals added. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of structural type of clay minerals on physical properties of soils. Two experimental soils, layer-dominant and granule-dominant ones, were mixed with either a layer-type smectite or a granule-type zeolite at a level of 2.0 wt%. It was observed that water permeability of soils was decreased by smectite whereas not significantly changed by zeolite. This effect was much greater in layered clay-dominant soil than in granular clay-dominant soil. Our results clearly indicated that the relationship of structural type between a soil and an amendment plays a decisive role in the soil properties. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the structural types of both soil and amendment be taken into consideration for soil amendment by clay minerals.

• 동위원소회보
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2006

A fertilizer mixed with an electron beam irradiated sewage sludge and a starfish powder was developed. By the irradiation of sewage sledge, it could be hygienic from harmful microorganism and be free from Rely nucleonic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The quality of fertilizer mainly consisted of electron beam irradiated sewage sledge could be enhanced by addition of starfish powder rich in organic calcium ion. The growth rate for a grass and a rose tree was enhanced about 35% when a fertilizer applied. By the development of new type of fertilizer, a large amount of sewage sledge and star fish con be utilized as a fertilizer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1717-1722
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• 2016

A novel phytase of Acidobacteria was identified from a soil metagenome, cloned, overexpressed, and purified. It has low sequence similarity (<44%) to all the known phytases. At the optimum pH (2.5), the phytase shows an activity level of 1,792 μmol/min/mg at physiological temperature (37℃) and could retain 92% residual activity after 30 min, indicating the phytase is acidophilic and acidostable. However the phytase shows poor stability at high temperatures. To improve its thermal resistance, the enzyme was redesigned using Disulfide by Design 2.0, introducing four additional disulfide bridges. The half-life time of the engineered phytase at 60℃ and 80℃, respectively, is 3.0× and 2.8× longer than the wild-type, and its activity and acidostability are not significantly affected.