• 제목/요약/키워드: Ferric Chloride($FeCl_3$)

검색결과 49건 처리시간 0.021초

Effect of microbial biopolymers on the sedimentation behavior of kaolinite

  • Yeong-Man Kwon;Seok-Jun Kang;Gye-Chun Cho;Ilhan Chang
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2023
  • Clay sedimentation has been widely analyzed for its application in a variety of geotechnical constructions such as mine tailing, artificial islands, dredging, and reclamation. Chemical flocculants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), ferric chloride (FeCl3), and ferric sulfate (Fe(SO4)3), have been adopted to accelerate the settling behaviors of clays. As an alternative clay flocculant with natural origin, this study investigated the settling of xanthan gum-treated kaolinite suspension in deionized water. The sedimentation of kaolinite in solutions of xanthan gum biopolymer (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% in a clay mass) was measured until the sediment height was stabilized. Kaolinite was aggregated by xanthan gum via a direct electrical interaction between the negatively charged xanthan gum molecules and positively charged edge surface and via hydrogen bonding with kaolinite particles. The results revealed that the xanthan gum initially bound kaolinite aggregates, thereby forming larger floc sizes. Owing to their greater floc size, the aggregated kaolinite flocs induced by xanthan gum settled faster than the untreated kaolinite. Additionally, X-ray computed tomography images collected at various depths from the bottom demonstrated that the xanthan gum-induced aggregation resulted in denser sediment deposition. The findings of this study could inspire further efforts to accelerate the settling of kaolinite clays by adding xanthan gum.

Grignard 시약과 브로모벤질과의 반응에서 첨가전이 금속이온의 영향 연구 (Effect of Transition Metal Ion on the Reaction of Benzylbromide with Grignard Reagent)

  • 김정균;고영심;윤웅찬;김민숙
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.228-236
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    • 1993
  • Grignard 시약,CH_3$MgI와 브로모벤질과의 반응은 전자전달과정(SET)과 라디칼 이온쌍 중간체를 거쳐 생성되는 동종짝지음 생성물 bibenzyl을 주생성물로 이온성 공격에 의해 생성되는 교차짝지음 생성물, 에틸벤젠을 부생성물로 생성시키며 전이금속 불순물이 거의 제거된 순수 금속 Mg으로 CH_3$MgI을 제조하였을 때 그 비는 78:22이었다. 그러나 실험실용 금속 Mg을 사용하였을 때 그 비는 감소하여 67:33이었으며 이 비는 촉매량으로 첨가시킨 $FeCl_3$ 양의 증가로 더욱 감소되어 최고 20:80 비로 Fe 이온은 이온성 교차생성물, 에틸벤젠을 주생성물로 유도하였으며 이러한 반응결과는 좋은 수소원자주게로 디이소프로필 에테르를 디에틸 에테르 대신 용매를 사용하였을 때에도 큰 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 관찰은 Grignard 시약과 유기할로겐 화합물이나 카르보닐 화합물과의 반응에서 촉매 양의 전이금속염이 전자전달과정 속도를 증가시켜 동종짝지음 이합체 생성물의 증가를 일으키는 보고와 반대의 경향을 보인다. 이러한 촉매량의 $FeCl_3$ 첨가가 CH_3$MgI의 이온성 공격의 증가와 그에 따른 교차짝지음 생성물의 증가로 유도하는 것은 브로모벤질과 반응 중 생성된 Fe 종과의 착화합물 형성에 의해 벤질탄소-브롬 결합이 CH_3$MgI의 탄소음이온 공격에 대해 반응성이 증가되는 것으로 설명하였다. 이러한 설명은 2-페닐-1-브로모에탄의 CH_3$MgI와의 반응연구에서 관찰된 반응성 결여가 뒷받침하고 있다.

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석회안정화 방법을 이용한 돈사분뇨공공처리시설에서 발생하는 탈수슬러지의 퇴비화 (Composting using the Lime Stabilization of Dewatering Sludge from Centralized Swine Wastewater Treatment Facility)

  • 황인수;민경석
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.687-694
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    • 2006
  • Dewatering sludge using inorganic chemicals with polymer has been evaded for reuse on account of the risks of high heavy metals contained and soil acidification. Composting feasibility of coagulation & dewatering sludges produced from livestock waste treatment plant was investigated. The results of analysis prove that dewatering sludge is valuable matter with suitable elements for composting if high quality ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) is used for coagulation & dewatering process. In pot-cultivation of harvestes, using effects of dewatering sludge improved with lime treatment was very effective. The results of pot-cultivation proved that harms of crops according to different acid tolerances were not detected. But it was not applied to crops with weak acid tolerance or greenhouse for free from gas damage. Also, Further studies and monitorings are necessary to use sludges because results of pot-cultivation were generated differently by characteristics of soil, nutrient demand of plants, mature degree of sludge, consecutive cultivation and etc.

Ferricyanide와 ferric chloride 혼합액을 사용한 Bisphenol A의 비색 정량법 개발 (Spectrophotometric Determination of Bisphenol A by Complexation with Ferricyanide and Ferric chloride solution)

  • 금은주;류희영;권기석;손호용
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제17권2호통권82호
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    • pp.266-271
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    • 2007
  • BPA는 플라스틱 가소제 및 폴리카보네이트 플라스틱 생산의 모노머로 광범위하게 사용되어 왔으며, 년간 세계적으로 640,000톤 이상이 생산되고 있다. 내분비장애활성을 가진 BPA는 수계 및 공업용수에서 흔히 발견되며, 이의 분석은 HPLC 및 GC 등 기기분석에 의존하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 환경 및 생활용품에 잔류하는 BPA를 신속, 정확하고, 경제적으로 분석할 수 있는 분광학적 정량방법을 개발하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$$K_3Fe(CN)_6$를 사용한 비색정량법을 확립하였다. 발색반응으로 생성된 청색화합물의 ${\lambda}max$ 및 반응특이성을 조사하였으며, 최적반응조건(시간, 온도, pH, 농도, 부피, 반응안전성)을 검토하였다. 확립된 발색반응조건에서 BPA에 대한 검량곡선(${\lambda}_{750}$=0.61 BPA $[{\mu}M]$+0.07155, $R^{2}$=0.992)을 얻었으며, 신규 확립된 비색정량법을 이용하여 토양, 수계 및 생활용품의 BPA 분석을 시도한 결과, HPLC 분석시스템과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 BPA 및 관련물질에 대한 비색정량법은, 기기분석에 비해 빠르고, 경제적이며, 대량의 시료를 일시에 취급할 수 있어 기기분석의 보완분석으로도 우수하며, BPA 분해산물은 발색반응을 나타내지 않아, 자연계로부터 BPA 분해균주 선별 등에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

Corrosion of Zinc Coated Steel in Magnetically Treated 3% Sodium Chloride Solution

  • Chiba, A.;Ohki, T.;Wu, Wen-Chang
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 2006
  • The dissolution amount of Zn plate was $0.058mg/cm^2$ in the non-magnetically treated solution, and was $0.059mg/cm^2$ in the magnetically treated solution after 24 hours of immersion. The magnetic treatment had no effect to corrosion of Zn plate as pH on surface was not recognized the difference. The addition of Zn(II) ion in the solution was prepared to the effects of corrosion and dissolution of Fe. The regularity was not obtained the effect of the magnetic treatment on the dissolution of Fe plate.

Anti-thrombotic Effects of Modified Jeho-tang using a $FeCl_3$-induced Carotid Arterial Thrombosis Model

  • Bang, Jihye;Lee, Ki Mo;Kim, Bu-Yeo;Lee, Jeong-Hwa;Lee, In Sun;Jeon, Won Kyung
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the antithrombotic effects of the four herbal ingredients (Mume Fructus, MF; Santali Albi Lignum, SAL; Amomi Tsao-Ko Fructus, ATF; and Amomi Fructus, AF) of modified Jeho-tang (MJHT) in a ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$)-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model. Methods: Thirty minutes prior to a 35% $FeCl_3$ application, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with saline, MF, SAL, ATF or AF (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), respectively. The effect of the MJHT ingredients was examined for time to occlusion (TTO) and thrombus weight (TW) in a $FeCl_3$-induced thrombosis model. Histological analysis was performed to examine the effect of the MJHT ingredients on collagen fiber damage using hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: Compared with vehicle treatment, MF, SAL and ATF treatment delayed TTO (vehicle, $8.11{\pm}0.60$ min; MF, $16.67{\pm}1.03$ min; SAL, $17.50{\pm}1.52$ min and ATF, $13.33{\pm}1.21$ min; P < 0.001) and inhibited thrombus formation (vehicle, $0.79{\pm}0.03$ mg/mm; MF, $0.61{\pm}0.07$ mg/mm; SAL, $0.57{\pm}0.03$ mg/mm and ATF, $0.72{\pm}0.02$ mg/mm; P < 0.001). In addition, each herbal ingredient of MJHT except for AF prevented the collagen fiber damage induced by a 35% $FeCl_3$ application. These results indicate that the MJHT ingredients MF ${\geq}$ SAL ${\geq}$ ATF ${\geq}$ AF possess antithrombotic activity in a $FeCl_3$-induced carotid arterial thrombosis. Conclusions: Altogether, these results are the first evidence that the MJHT ingredients MF, SAL and ATF have the ability to prevent vascular damage and thrombus formation in $FeCl_3$-induced carotid arterial thrombosis.

화학 응집제 투입에 따른 수질항목별 하수처리 반응곡선 (Saturation curves for chemical coagulation of wastewater treatment)

  • 류재나;오재일;이경종
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.537-548
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    • 2010
  • Recently the Government has announced updated water quality standards for wastewater treatment effluent (become effective in 2012). That includes highly enforced regulations for T-P, BOD and COD, and a large budget, in particular for phosphorus removal, was set by the Ministry of environment. Chemical coagulation destabilizes colloidal particles so that particles grow to larger flocs, and solid particles are removed by solid-liquid separation. The efficiency of chemical coagulation depends on a various factors, including coagulant types and costs, construction and operation costs for the treatment facilities and so on. The proper selection should be based on the treatment efficiency of coagulants and underlying costs. The current research was to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of coagulants on a variety of wastewater influents and to develop saturation curves for several water quality parameters. Typical $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $FeCl_3$ were tested under a range of coagulant concentrations. The pollutant removal efficiencies of chemical treatment both for the $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $FeCl_3$ were especially high for T-P, followed by SS, BOD and COD. Correlation test also proved the highest relationship between SS and T-P.

철-니켈 합금 에칭구액 용매추출 공정 용액으로부터 고순도 탄산니켈 제조에 관한 연구 (A study on the preparation of high purity nickel carbonate powders in solvent extraction processing solution from waste iron-nickel alloy etchant)

  • 채병만;황성옥;이석환;김득현;이상우;김대원;최희락
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.303-308
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    • 2017
  • 여러 가지 금속을 에칭하기 위하여 사용된 $FeCl_3$ 폐용액은 유가금속인 니켈을 함유하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 염화철을 재생하고 남은 니켈 함유 에칭폐액으로부터 니켈을 고순도의 탄산니켈 결정분말로 회수하고자 하였다. 5 % NaOH 수용액을 이용하여 pH 4의 조건에서 1차적으로 철 성분의 불순물을 약 97 % 제거하고 추가적으로 남은 불순물을 제거하기 위하여 용매추출제 D2EHPA(Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid)를 사용하여 불순물로서 존재하는 금속이온들을 약 99% 제거하였다. 그 후 불순물이 제거된 염화니켈 용액에 탄산나트륨과의 반응을 통하여 99.9 % 이상의 순도를 가진 탄산니켈분말을 얻을 수 있었다.

Studies on Properties of Polyaniline-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Composite Films Synthesized Using Different Oxidants

  • Basavaraja, C.;Pierson, R.;Huh, Do-Sung;Venkataraman, A.;Basavaraja, S.
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제17권8호
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    • pp.609-615
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    • 2009
  • Two types of nano composite were obtained by in situ chemical method in polyaniline (PANI)/dodecyl-benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) system depending on the use of either ammonium persulfate (APS) or ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) as the oxidant. In order to study the difference of the two composites in the surface characteristics, thermal stability, and electric properties, the composite films were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and temperature dependent DC electrical conductivity. The results revealed a large difference in the surface morphology, thermal stability, and the microstructure properties between the two composites, and these differences were considered responsible for the molecular order and conductivity.

등온적출곡선(等溫摘出曲線)에 의한 염산용액(鹽酸溶液)에서 TBP와 Alamine336의 철 추출(抽出) 비교(比較) (Comparison of Solvent Extraction of Iron(III) from Chloride Solution between Alamine336 and TBP by Using Extraction Isotherm)

  • 이만승;곽영기
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2008
  • 이온강도가 센 염산용액에서 Alamine336과 TBP에 의한 염화 제 2철의 용매추출거동을 MaCabe-Thiele도를 이용하여 비교하였다. 초기 추출조건으로부터 수상과 유기상에서 철의 평형농도를 계산하여 두 추출제에 의한 철 추출의 등온추출곡선을 구했다. 평형농도 계산시 수상에서 착물형성반응과 물질수지 및 추출반응을 고려하였다. 1M의 Aalmine336으로 0.5M의 철을 3M의 염산용액에서 수상과 유기상의 부피비가 6/5인 조건에서 추출시 2단에 철의 대부분이 유기상으로 추출되는 것을 MaCabe-Thiele도에서 알 수 있었다. 1M의 Alamine336은 염산용액에서 철의 추출능력면에서 TBP 2-3M과 비슷하였다. MaCabe-Thiele도와 두 추출제의 물리적 특성으로부터 Alamine336이 TBP보다 염산용액에서 철의 추출특성이 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다.