• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.315-319
• /
• 1994

Pichia stipitis CBS 5776을 이용하여 볏짚 가수분해물의 fermentability를 조사하고 가수분해시 고체 강력산인 Nafion과 재래식 황산에 의한 가수분해물을 비교 검토하였다. 볏짚의 Nafion 가수분해물은 산 가수분해물보다 세포 증식 및 발효에 대한 저해 수준이 낮았으며 3.2 g/l 이상의 Pichia stipitis inoculum을 사용하면 Nafion 가수분해물의 발효에서 에탄올 생산이 가능하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.624-631
• /
• 1995

The fermentation characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae F38-1, a newly isolated thermotolerant yeast strain from a high temperature environment have been studied using a fermentation medium containing 20% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.2% polypeptone, 0.3% (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$SO$_{4}$, 0.1% KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, and 0.2% MgSO$_{4}$ without shaking at 30$\circ$C to 43$\circ$C for 5 days. The fermentability was over 90% at 30$\circ$C, 88% at 37$\circ$C, 77% at 40$\circ$C and 30% at 43$\circ$C. A similar fermentation result was obtained at pH between 4 and 6 at 30$\circ$C and 40$\circ$C. Aeration stimulated the growth of the strain at the beginning of the fermentation, but it reduced alcohol production at the end of alcohol fermentation. Optimal glucose concentration was determined to be between 18 and 22% at 40$\circ$C as well as 30$\circ$C, but the growth was inhibited at the glucose concentration of over 30%. A fermentability of over 90% was observed at 40$\circ$C in 2 days when the medium was supplemented by 2% yeast extract. A higher inoculum size increased the initial fermentation rate, but not the fermentation. A fermentability of over 90% was achieved in 2 days at 40$\circ$C in a fermentor experiment using an optimized medium containing 20% glucose and 1% yeast extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 1981

한국(韓國)에서 재배(栽培)되고 있는 봄배추 5개품종(個品種)의 김치 가공적성(加工適性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 배추편(片)을 3% NaCl용액에서 발효(醱酵)시켜 미생물(微生物)의 농도(濃度), 산생성량(酸生成量), pH 용존산소량(溶存酸素量), 조직성분(組織成分)의 용출량(溶出量)등을 측정비교(測定比較)하였다. 측청치(測定値)들을 평점화(評點化)하여 품종별(品種別)로 비교(比較)하므로서 가공절성(加工適性)을 판별(判別)하였으며 내서백노, 77가락은 속숙성품종(速熟成品種)이었고 무쌍은 저속(低速) 숙성품종(熟成品種)이었다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 1978

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain M. was cultured in a molasses-containing media with different amounts of phosphorous and nitrogen sources. The effects of constituents of the cell on the functional activity as well as sensitivity of it were investigated, the results obtained being summarised as follows : Both the thermotolerance and dry tolerance of the yeast cell were higher when the more carbohydrate and thehalose were present in the yeast cell. During the drying, the rate of dead cell was noted increasing and the fermentability decreasing, but it was more remarkable at early stage of the decreasing rate of drying, and at the same time increasing rate of dead cell and decrease of fermentability were more remarkable in the yeast cell containing much protein. In this case the speed of drying was slower. The trehalose content in the yeast cell increased during early stage of the drying and this increase was higher when content of trehalose and carbohydrate in the initial yeast cell was relatively high.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.222-229
• /
• 1994

In order to develop a method of economical production and to reduce energy-consumption in fuel alcohol production, we investigated the fermentation characters of two newly selected thermotolerant yeasts. The RA-74-2 showed stable and superior fermentability between 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ in 20% glucose media in comparison to the industrial strains. The optimum concentration of glucose for economical fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$ was 15-18%, and organic nitrogen was necessary for a satisfactory fermentation. The optimum pH was 4.0 and aeration was adversed for high temperature fermentation. Agitation was an important factor at $40^{\circ}C$ and the addition of magnesium ion 0.2% was required in this experiment. When the inoculum was increased, ethanol productivity as well as the speed of fermentation increased. On the other hand RA-912, which can grow at $48^{\circ}C$, showed similar fermentability between 30-$45^{\circ}C$ in 20% glucose media As the concentration of substrate decreased, fermentation ratio increased at $45^{\circ}C$ (45%, 65%, 95% fermentation ratio in 20%, 15%, 10% glucose media, respectively). Also, requirement of organic nitrogen and magnesium ion in RA-912 was similar in RA-74-2. The optimum pH for fermentation was 5.0, and the effects of agitation were enhanced at $37^{\circ}C$ than at $45^{\circ}C$. As the inoculum was increased, fermentation speed became more enhanced but the ethanol productivity was less affected. RA-912 showed fermentability with various substrates. Among the substrates used, inulin was the most promising substrate for the high-temperature fermentation. When 14.5% inulin was used as the substrate, 93% and 55% fermentation ratios were shown at $37^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 1996

Characteristics of ethanol fermentation were investigated during the stationary culture of a killer yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae B15-1. Specific ethanol production rate reached the maximum level, 1.203 g-EtOH/g-cell-hr, at 150 g/l of the initial glucose concentration. No big differences were obtained in ethanol fermentability based on the initial sugar concentration below 150 g/l. When 200 g/l of sugar was used, fermentability dropped significantly. Although the final cell mass and the amount of ethanol produced were increased, their increase rates were declined according to the increase of initial sugar concentration. It was found that most of the sugar used below 150 g/l of concentration could be changed to ethanol. However, when 200 g/l of sugar was used, some of them remained in the media even after increase of cell mass and fermentation stopped. The ethanol yield was decreased when initial sugar concentration was high, and were increased when the amount of ethanol produced was increased and finally reached the plateau over 60 g/l of ethanol concentration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.1211-1218
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 압출성형온도가 인삼의 발효에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 압출성형온도를 달리한 백삼 압출물의 미세구조, 당화특성 및 발효액의 특성을 비교하였다. 압출성형백삼의 미세구조는 $110^{\circ}C$ 백삼압출성형물은 불균일한 기공구조를 보였으며, $120^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$ 백삼압출성형물은 균일한 기공구조를 보였다. 인삼의 당화율과 당화속도상수는 $130^{\circ}C$ 백삼압출성형물이 가장 높았다. 발효액의 최종 pH는 홍삼발효액이 3.79로 가장 높았다. 발효액의 최종 산도는 $120^{\circ}C$ 압출성형백삼이 4.45%로 가장 높았다. 인삼 현탁액의 환원당 함량은 $110^{\circ}C$ 압출성형백삼이 32.36 mg/mL로 가장 높았으며, 발효시간 5일까지 인삼 발효액의 환원당 함량이 급격히 감소하였고, 이후에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 발효액의 알코올 함량은 발효기간 5일까지 급격히 증가했으며, 이후에는 변화가 없었다. 압출성형백삼이 백삼보다 알코올 함량이 높았고, 압출성형온도가 증가했을 때 알코올 생성율이 증가하였다. 본 연구에서 백삼을 압출성형하였을 때 알코올 발효적성이 높아졌고, 압출성형온도가 증가하였을 때 백삼의 알코올 발효적성도 증가하는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 1999

Brettanomyces custersii CBS 5512 which has reported as a thermotolerant glucose-cellobiose co-fermentable yeast strain was mutated with UV and NTG to improve ethanol yield at higher than 4$0^{\circ}C$ B. custersii H1-23, H1-39, H1-55 and H1062 were finally selected for hyper-fermentable strains at higher than 4$0^{\circ}C$ from thermotolerant 7510 colonies through 5th selection. Among the selected strains, H1-39 mutant had better fermentability at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 43$^{\circ}C$ from different concentrations of glucose. H1-39 and H1-23 mutants yielded more than 70% of the theoretical ethanol yield in 4 and 8% mixed sugars at above 4$0^{\circ}C$, which was 5-11% higher than those by original strain. Especially, H1-39 mutant had better fermentability in 4% mixed sugar. It showed 78.5% of the theoretical yield at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 72.2% of the theoretical yield at 43$^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, theoretical yield of ethanol by H1-39 mutant in 8% mixed sugar at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 43$^{\circ}C$ were 75.2% and 70.2%, respectively. Theses values increased up to 7-11% as compared to those by orginal strain. By the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, ethanol production by H1-39 mutant increased up to more than 23% as compared to that by original strain.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.312-316
• /
• 2001

에탄올 발효능이 우수한 Saccharomyces에 속하는 4 균주를 가지고 여러 조합의 mating-pair 또는 fusion-pair를 만들고 이들 pair들로부터 만들어진 hybrid주들의 에탄올 생성능과 생존능을 통계적으로 분석한 결과, 에탄올 생성능에서는 차이가 없었으나, 생존능의 경우는 [S. kluveri $khl{\times}S.$ cerevisiae cp3]의 균주조합이 가장 우수한 hybrid를 낼 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실제로 에탄올 생성능과 잔당, 효율, 생존능에서 두루 우수한 균주는 [S. kluveri $khl{\times}S$ cerevisiae cp3] 조합에서 얻어진 융합주 clone No. 3가 에탄올 생성능 10.11%(w/v) 또는 12.81%(v/v), 잔당 3.53%(w/v), 생존능 62.65%, 발효 효율 92.2%로서 가장 발효능과 생존능이 우수한 균주로 선정되었다.