• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6535-6541
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate risk factors for upper extremity lymphedema due to breast cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: Clinical studies published on PubMed, Ovid, EMbase, and Cochrane Library from January 1996 to December 2012 were selected. Results: Twenty-five studies were identified, including 12,104 patients. Six risk factors related to the incidence of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment were detected: axillary lymph node dissection (OR=3.73, 95%CI 1.16 to 11.96), postoperative complications (OR=2.64, 95%CI 1.10 to 6.30), hypertension (OR=1.83, 95%CI 1.38 to 2.42), high body mass index (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.30 to 2.49), chemotherapy (OR=1.38, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.79) and radiotherapy (OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.66). We found significant protective factors for lymphedema: pathologic T classification (OR=0.57, 95%CI 0.36 to 0.91) and stage (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.39 to 0.93), while some factors, like age, number of positive lymph nodes, number of lymph node dissection, demonstrated no obvious correlation. Conclusions: Axillary lymph node dissection, postoperative complications, hypertension, body mass index, chemotherapy, radiotherapy are risk factors for lymphedema after breast cancer treatment. Attention should be paid to patients with risk factors to prevent the occurrence of lymphedema.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7203-7206
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• 2013

Recent studies suggested that the ovarian cancers with negative excision repair cross-complementation group 1 enzyme (ERCC1) expression have a better response to platinum-based chemotherapy than those with positive ERCC1 expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ERCC1 expression is associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancers. MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI databases were used for searching studies relating to ERCC1 protein expression and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancers. Statistical analysis was based on the method for a fixed effects meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for ERCC1 protein expression and response to platinum-based chemotherapy were generated. Publication bias was investigated with Begg's test. Five studies involving 306 patients with ovarian cancer were included. Compared to patients with positive ERCC1 expression, those with negative ERCC1 expression had a better response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The pooled OR was 5.264 (95% CI: 2.928-9.464, P < 0.001) and publication bias was not found (P = 0.904). The result was similar in both in Asians and Caucasians (P < 0.001 and P = 0.028, respectively). ERCC1 protein expression status is significantly associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6269-6272
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• 2012

We conducted a case-control study to determine the association between several potential SNPs of excision repair cross complementing group 5 (XPG) and gastric cancer susceptibility, and roles of XPG polymorphisms in combination with H.pylori infection in determining risk of gastric cancer. In our study, we collected 337 newly diagnosed gastric cancer cases and 347 health controls. Three SNPs of XPG, rs2296147T>C, rs2094258C>T and rs873601G>A, were genotyped using the Taqman real-time PCR method with a 7900 HT sequence detector system. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by ELISA. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the rs2296147 CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.27-0.97), and rs2094258 TT was associated with elevated risk (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.35). Positive H.pylori individuals with rs2094258 TT genotypes demonstrated increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.35), while rs2296147 CC was associated with lower risk among patients with negative H.pylori (OR=0.45, 95%CI=0.22-0.89). Our findings suggested that XPG polymorphisms might contribute to risk of gastric cancer among Chinese populations, but the effect needs to be further validated by larger sample size studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3601-3604
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• 2012

Purpose: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in the Chinese Han population. However, the results have been inconsistent. We therefore here examined whether the XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism confers hepatocellular carcinoma risk by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Google scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for eligible articles in English and Chinese that were published before April 2012. Results: 6 studies involving 1,246 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 1,953 controls were included. The association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Chinese Han population was significant under GG vs AA (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.94). Limiting the analysis to the studies with controls in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the results were persistent and robust. Conclusions: In the Chinese Han population, the XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism is associated with an increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7741-7746
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• 2014

Although a number of studies have been conducted on the association between GSTM1 polymorphisms and lung cancer in China, this association remains elusive and controversial. To clarify the effects of GSTM1 polymorphisms on the risk of lung cancer, a meta-analysis was performed in the Chinese population. Related studies were identified from PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) up to 5th April 2014. A total of 45 articles (47 studies) including 6,623 cases and 7,865 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.32-1.60) was found between the null GSTM1 and lung cancer risk when all studies in Chinese population pooled into the meta-analysis. In subgroup analyses stratified by quality score, geographic area and source of controls, the same results were observed under all the models. This meta-analysis showed that the null GSTM1 may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer risk in Chinese, but further studies with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are required for definite conclusions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5725-5730
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• 2013

Cancer patients often suffer from local tumor recurrence after radiation therapy. Cell cycling, an intricate sequence of events which guarantees high genomic fidelity, has been suggested to affect DNA damage responses and eventual radioresistant characteristics of cancer cells. Here, we established a radioresistant lung cancer cell line, A549R, by exposing the parental A549 cells to repeated ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation with a total dose of 60 Gy. The radiosensitivity of A549 and A549R was confirmed using colony formation assays. We then focused on examination of the cell cycle distribution between A549 and A549R and found that the proportion of cells in the radioresistant S phase increased, whereas that in the radiosensitive G1 phase decreased. When A549 and A549R cells were exposed to 4 Gy irradiation the total differences in cell cycle redistribution suggested that G2-M cell cycle arrest plays a predominant role in mediating radioresistance. In order to further explore the possible mechanisms behind the cell cycle related radioresistance, we examined the expression of Cdc25 proteins which orchestrate cell cycle transitions. The results showed that expression of Cdc25c increased accompanied by the decrease of Cdc25a and we proposed that the quantity of Cdc25c, rather than activated Cdc25c or Cdc25a, determines the radioresistance of cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5161-5165
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• 2012

Background: There are few molecular markers known to predict cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) prognosis. Smad7 has a certain relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but its relevance to CCA in unclear. Therefore expression and clinical significance of Smad7 in CCA was the focus of this study. Methods: Expression of Smad7, E-cadherin and vimentin was assessed in 41 patients with CCA by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for associations with clinical parameters. Results: Smad7 and vimentin expression in the CCA tissue was dramatically higher than that in adjacent tissues. In addition, Smad7, vimentin and E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with CCA lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion($P{\leq}0.05$), but not other factors, such as gender, age, tumor location, tumor type and tumor differentiation degree (P>0.05). The overall survival and relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients with negative Smad7 expression than those with positive Smad7 expression. Conclusion: EMT phenomena may occur in the process of CCA invasion and metastasis. Smad7, which was highly expressed in CCA, may be considered to be one feedback regulator in late stages and could have potential as a prognostic indicator for clinical assessment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3085-3091
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• 2013

Associations between ABCB1 and XPC genetic polymorphisms and risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as clinical outcomes in CRCs with chemotherapy were investigated. A case-control study was performed on the ABCB1 C3435T, G2677T/A and XPC Lys939Gln polymorphisms in 428 CRC cases and 450 hospitalbased, age and sex frequency-matched controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays. We observed that the ABCB1 3435CT or CC+CT variants were significantly linked with increasing risk of developing CRC (adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.814 (1.237-2.660), P=0.0022; adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.605 (1.117-2.306), P=0.0102, respectively). Moreover, the distribution frequency of XPC AC genotype or AC+CC genotypes also showed a tendency towards increasing the suscepbility for CRC (P=0.0759 and P=0.0903, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the ABCB1 C3435T variant was associated with a tendency toward longer progression-free survival (PFS) (n=343, Log-rank test: P=0.063), and the G2677T/A variant genotypes (GT+TT+GA+AA) with a tendency for longer OS in postoperative oxaliplatin-based patients (n=343, Log-rank test: P=0.082). However, no correlation of the XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism was found with PFS and OS in patients with postoperative oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (n=343). Our study indicated that ABCB1 polymorphisms might be candidate pharmacogenomic factors for the prediction of CRC susceptibility, but not for prognosis with oxaliplatin chemosensitivity in CRC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10683-10690
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• 2015

The big gap between efficacy of population level prevention and expectations due to heterogeneity and complexity of cancer etiologic factors calls for selective yet personalized interventions based on effective risk assessment. This paper documents our research protocol aimed at refining and validating a two-stage and web-based cancer risk assessment tool, from a tentative one in use by an ongoing project, capable of identifying individuals at elevated risk for one or more types of the 80% leading cancers in rural China with adequate sensitivity and specificity and featuring low cost, easy application and cultural and technical sensitivity for farmers and village doctors. The protocol adopted a modified population-based case control design using 72, 000 non-patients as controls, 2, 200 cancer patients as cases, and another 600 patients as cases for external validation. Factors taken into account comprised 8 domains including diet and nutrition, risk behaviors, family history, precancerous diseases, related medical procedures, exposure to environment hazards, mood and feelings, physical activities and anthropologic and biologic factors. Modeling stresses explored various methodologies like empirical analysis, logistic regression, neuro-network analysis, decision theory and both internal and external validation using concordance statistics, predictive values, etc..

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.829-834
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• 2013

Background: MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the role of microRNA-21 in cholangiocarcinomas and its relationship to cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell capacity for invasion and metastasis. Methods: MicroRNA-21 expression was investigated in 41 cases of cholangiocarcinoma samples by in situ hybridization and real-time PCR. Influence on cholangiocarcinoma cell line invasion and metastasis was analyzed with microRNA-21 transfected cells. In addition, regulation of reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) by microRNA-21 was elucidated to identify mechanisms. Results: In situ hybridization and real-time quantitative PCR results for patients with lymph node metastasis or perineural invasion showed significantly high expression of microRNA-21 (P<0.05). There was a dramatic decrease in cholangiocarcinoma cell line invasion and metastasis ability after microRNA-21 knockdown (P<0.05). However, overexpression significantly increased invasion and metastasis (P<0.05). Real-time PCR and Western-blot analysis showed that microRNA-21 could potentially inhibit RECK expression in RBE cells. Survival analysis showed that patients with higher expression levels of microRNA-21 more often had a poor prognosis (P<0.05). Conclusions: MicroRNA-21 may play an important role in cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, suggesting that MicroRNA-21 should be further evaluated as a biomarker for predicting cholangiocarcinoma prognosis.