• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2000

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the systemic osteoporosis on radiographic density of alveolar bone and cortical thickness of mandible. Materials and Methods: The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and T scores of lumbar, femur were obtained respectively. Radiographic densities of alveolar bones and panorama mandibular index (PMI, represents as cortical thickness) were analysed statistically according to age and T score variables. Results: The radiographic density of alveolar bone of maxillary molar showed significant difference by age and femur T group. That of mandibular molar showed significant difference between femur T group. Panorama mandibular index showed significant difference between age groups. Conclusion: The radiographic density of alvealar bones was more dependent on age and femur T than lumbar T. Cortical thickness of mandible was correlated with increasing age.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2020

This study aimed to found out the effect of patellofemoral overlap distance by changing femur thickness and center X-ray angles in Merchant method images. Based on the femur thickness, it suggested tube angle minimizes overlap. It was conducted by Merchant method, a knee tangential view, and the image was obtained by changing the thigh thickness from 14 to 20 cm and the center ray angle from 60°, 57°, 55°. The images were measured by five researchers using a method of measuring the overlap, which was designed by them. The results showed at 60°, 57°, 55° angle, the patellofemoral overlap distance resulted in 0.47±0.66 to 20.89±0.65 cm, 2.26±0.28 to 15.73±0.62 cm, 1.39 ± 0.83 to 12.49 ± 0.37 cm. However, for 57° and 55°, no overlap in thickness under 14.5 and 14 to 15.5 didn't appear. it showed high correlation between femur thickness and overlap. The difference in the mean value of overlap in each group showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01), all were classified as independent groups in the post-hoc test. In all images, the patellofemoral overlap distance increased as the thickness increased, and at the average thickness of Korean men and women, overlap decreased when reducing center ray. When conducting Merchant tests on Koreans, it was suggested it would be useful to use 57° angle because it minimize the effects of overlap and intrusions of tibia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2000

불화나트륨의 전신적인 투여가 백서골의 기계적, 조직학적인 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 0, 1, 5 및 50ppm의 불소를 6주간 투여한 다음 백서 대퇴골을 채취하여 대퇴골 전체의 압축 강도, 대퇴골 경부의 전단 강도를 만능압축시험기로 측정하고 대퇴골 횡단면 조직 슬라이드를 제작하여 피질골 및 골수강의 두께와 면적을 광학현미경과 image analyzer 등으로 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 실험 6주간 불소 투여에 의한 백서 체중에 있어서 각 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 6주간의 불소 투여시 대퇴골 전체의 압축강도는 대조군에 비해 1 및 5ppm 투여군에서 증가하다가 50ppm 투여군에서는 오히려 현저하게 감소하였다. 3. 대퇴골 경부의 전단 강도역시 대조군에 비해 1 및 5ppm군에서는 증가되다가 50ppm군에서는 감소되었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 피질골의 두께와 면적 역시 대조군에 비해 5ppm 투여군까지는 증가하다가 50ppm 투여군에서는 현저히 감소되었다. 5. 골수강의 두께와 면적은 대조군에 비해 불소투여군 모두에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 상수도수불소화에 사용되는 1ppm의 불소 농도에서는 백서 대퇴골의 기계적인 압축강도가 증진되고 조직형태학적으로도 피질골의 두께가 증가됨으로 인하여 동일한 하중에서도 골의 파절에 대한 저항 능력을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2006

Purpose: Incidence of chronic osteomyelitis in femur is lower than that of tibia due to abundantsurrounding soft tissue like muscles and subcutaneous fat. However, if the femur is infected, surgical approach would be very difficult because of surrounding soft tissue and bony defects would be getting larger due to the late detection. Chronic osteomyelitis of femur is an intractable disease with frequent recurrence and remained bone instability in spite of multiple classical operations. Methods: From August 1998 to October 2005, we had 7 cases of fibular osteocutaneous free flap to reconstruct the femur. Those were followed-up for 23 months. All 7 cases were male. 4 cases were in midshaft and the others are distal part of femur. Results: The 7 cases that had not been healed in spite of average 9.1 times previous operations were reconstructed successfully without the recurrence of chronic osteomyelitis. Continuous rehabilitation therapy and brace were very helpful for the ambulation. It took 5.6 months for complete union of bone, and 9.8 months for the ambulation. Conclusion: After wide resection, reconstruction of the femur using fibular osteocutaneous free flap guaranteed bone stability and prevented recurrence of osteomyelitis through rich blood supplying fibula and muscle. Double barrel graft of fibula would be needed in case of the sufficient strength and thickness of femur. We report the successful results of reconstruction of femur with fibular osteocutaneous free flap for chronic osteomyelitis of femur.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7Hz vibration on the thickness of the rectus femoris, medial femur, rectus femoris tendon, and Achilles tendon. Methods: The statistical methods before and after working around the average value of each of the legs included repeated measures ANOVA. The subjects were 26 males residing in the N area, and we measured the change in muscle thickness and tendon thickness before, four weeks, and eight weeks after the experiment in two groups of 13 subjects each. The analysis method was a two-way repeated measurement variance analysis (ANOVA) with a significance level of 0.05 Results: The rectus femoris, medial broad muscle, rectus femur, and Achilles tendon showed significant increases in the interaction between the periods as well as between the periods and groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, the 7Hz vibration had a positive effect on the thickness of the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis muscle as well as the thickness of the rectus femoris tendon and Achilles tendon. It is expected to be used as basic data for vibrational exercises in the future studies and is expected to be used as an exercise to strengthen the leg muscles and tendons.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2002

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the hormones and cytokines associated with bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Method : Twenty-four Female-Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operated(normal) group, ovariectomized(control)group, ovariectomized and treated with extract Caraganae Sinicae Radix(treated) group. Each group was investigated the changes of body weight at 3,5,7weeks after treatment, and femur weight, femur/body weight, thickness of compact bone of body of femur, area of cancellous bone of distal epiphysis of femur, serum estrogen, serum calcitonin, serum parathormone, serum Tumor Necrosis $Factor-{\alpha}$, serum $lnterleukin-1{\beta}$ at 7weeks after treatment. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The treated group showed significant change in body weight compared with the control group at 5,7weeks after treatment. 2. The treated group revealed significant increases in femur/body weight compared with the control group. 3. The treated group showed a little thicker compact bone of body of femur than the control group. 4. The area of cancellous bone of distal epiphysis of femur in treated group was increased significantly compared with control group. 5. The level of serum estrogen showed no change compared with control group. 6. The level of serum calcitonin showed no change compared with control group. 7. The level of serum parathormone was decreased in treated group significantly compared with control group. 8. The level of serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased in treated group significantly compared with control group. 9. The level of serum $interleukin-1{\beta}$ showed no change compared with control group. The results indicate that Caraganae Sinicae Radix inhibits bones resorption in ovariectomized rats by it's lowering effects on serum parathormone and $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2012

본 연구는 근위대퇴골 정면 영상에서 골다공증 측정을 위한 영상지표가 이중에너지흡수계측법(DEXA)으로 측정한 골밀도 결과와 관련성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 총 112명을 대상으로 근위대퇴부 정면 영상을 촬영하였고, 영상 지표인 대퇴골관비(CCR)와 피질골 두께지표(CTI)를 측정하여 DEXA 골밀도 결과와 비교하였다. T-score를 이용하여 골다공증군과 비골다공증군으로 나누었고, 영상지표와 평균비교분석 및 상관관계분석, 진단일치도를 비교하였다. 영상계측에서 골다공증군의 골수강내 대퇴관과 골단 대퇴관 간격은 비골다공증군보다 유의하게 컸다. CCR은 골밀도와 음의 상관관계(r=-0.340)가 이었고, CTI는 양의 상관관계(r=0.624)가 있었다. 골다공증에 대한 CCR의 진단일치도는 63.4%이었고, kappa 값은 0.271이었다. CTI의 진단일치도는 67.0%이었고, kappa 값은 0.258 이었다. 결론적으로 근위대퇴골 영상에서 비골다공증군보다 골다공증군의 CCR이 더 크고, CTI는 더 좁게 나타났다. 이는 근위대퇴골 정면영상을 평가할 때 대퇴골의 골단간 피질의 두께가 얇은 환자는 골다공증에 대한 추가적인 검사를 추천할 수 있다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2000

Osteoporosis is the consequence of an imbalance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, coupled with an increased rate of bone turnover observed with menopause. Estrogen is generally considered to maintain bone mass through suppression of bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rat femoral trabecular change not only in the deficiency of estrogen but also in the administration of estrogen following ovariectomy(OVX). 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral OVX or sham surgery(control). Groups of OVX were divided into 4 groups. The first group was injected daily with vehicle alone for 20 days after 20 weeks following OVX. The additional groups of OVX was injected daily with low, medium, or high doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$(10, 25 or $50{\mu}g/kg$ BW, respectively). All rats were sacrified 23 weeks after OVX, and their femur were processed for H&E, MT stain and histomorphometry. The results were as follows; 1. In the histomorphometric analysis, the trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular seperation were respectively $31.2{\pm}8.3%$, $54.3{\pm}4.8{\mu}m$ and $280.7{\pm}16.4{\mu}m$ in vehicle treated OVX group and $48.6{\pm}7.3%$, $90.4{\pm}4.5{\mu}m$ and $126.3{\pm}5{\mu}m$ in sham operation group, and they showed statistical significance compare to control group. 2. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $44.4{\pm}4.3%$, $109.5{\pm}12.3{\mu}m$ and $94.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$ in low doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they showed statistical significance compare to OVX group. 3. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $44.4{\pm}4.3%$, $109.5{\pm}12.3{\mu}m$ and $94.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$ in medium doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they showed statistical significance compare to OVX group, but they didn't show statistical significance compare to low doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group. 4. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $46.4{\pm}4.5%$, $154.4{\pm}13.2{\mu}m$ and $113.7{\pm}12.8{\mu}m$ in high doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they also showed statistical significance compare to OVX group, but they didn't show statistical significance compare to other experimental groups. From the above results, metaphyseal bone formation was markedly reduced in OVX rate but treatment of OVX rats with $17{\beta}-estradiol$ resulted in normalization of femur trabecular bone volume. But they didn't show statistical significance the effect of bone formation according to the dose dependency.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of Korean safflower seed powder on histopathological changes of cadmium toxicity in mice. Fifty BALB/c mice were divided into a control group(A) and four experimental groups(B, C, D, E) : group A received tap water and basal diet, group B received tap water and diet supplemented with 3% Korean safflower seed powder alone, group C received basal diet and 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of cadmium, group D and E received basal diet supplemented with 3% and 10% Korean safflower seed powder and 300$\mu\textrm{g}$/g of cadmium respectively. Cadmium dissolved in tap water was used, and the Korean safflower seed powder were mixed with feed. All mice were dissected on the 56th day. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney, lung, cortical osseous tissue of femoral shaft, bone trabecular of femur, and epiphyseal cartilage plate of femur were observed. Group B showed no significant changes compared with the control group. But group C showed the unclearness of specific cells in liver, the loss of architecture and focal necrosis of hepatocyte, the glomerular swelling, degeneration and necrosis of convoluted tubules, desquamation and vacuolization of the greater part of the renal tubular epithelium, the marked congestion and thickness of the wall of alveolus in lung, slightly thinning of the cortical osseous tissue in femoral shaft, reduction of cancellous bone volume and marked narrowness of bone trabecular, marked thinning of epiphyseal cartilage plate and irregular arrangement of columnar structure of cartilage cells. On the other hand, Korean safflower seed powder-treated group showed a little convalescent changes and maintained their normal architectures in liner, kidney, lung, cortical osseous tissue of femoral shaft, bone trabecular of femur and epiphyseal cartilage plate of femur.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly becoming more prevalent worldwide together with hospital care costs from secondary complications such as bone fractures. Femoral fracture risk is higher in diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the osteometric and microarchitecture of the femur of Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) femur. Ten-week-old male rats (n=38) consisting of 16 control Sprague-Dawley (SD) and 22 ZDSD rats were used. The rats were terminated at 20 weeks and others at 28 weeks of age to assess age, diabetes duration effects and its severity. Bilateral femora were taken for osteometry, bone mass measurements and micro-focus X-ray computed tomography scanning to assess the trabecular number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), spaces (TbSp), bone tissue volume to total volume (BV/TV) and volume (BV). Diabetic rats had shorter (except for 20-weeks-old), lighter, narrower, and less robust bones than SD controls that wered more robust. Although cortical area was similar in all diabatic and control rats, medullary canal area was the largest in ZDSD rats. This means that the diabetic rats bones were short, light and hollow. Diabetic rats aged 20 weeks had reduced BV, BV/TV, TbN with more spacing (TbSp). In contrast, the 28 weeks old diabetic rats only showed reduced BV and TbN. Discriminant function analysis revealed, for the first time, that osteometric parameters and TbTh, TbN, and TbSp were affected by diabetes. This knowledge is valuable in the management of diabetic complications.