• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.606-609
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• 1995

We have experienced ten cases of emergent operation for the complications of cardiac catheterization during the period from 1985 to September 1994.Catheterization was done for the evaluation of the cardiac or vascular problem in 8 cases and 2 cases of neurosurgical problem. The extracardiac injection of contrast material have occurred in 3 cases[primum ASD,Trilogy,VSD . Six cases were unable to remove the catheter from femoral artery or vein. The catheters were knotted, coiled, impacted or broken. An embolectomy was done 40 years old man who suffered from chronic left subclavian artery obstruction a day after angiography. Open heart surgery was performed in 5 cases of cardiac perforation,impacted catheter in left inferior pulmonary vein and broken catheter of VSD. Arteriotomy was done in 4 cases to remove the knotted and coiled catheter. There was no complication or mortality for the emergent operation.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.18-20
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• 2014

Two aged patients who had open tibial fractures with arterial injury caused by high energy accidents underwent emergency arterial reconstruction using a greater saphenous vein and soft tissue repair using free flaps. In the patients, soft tissue necrosis developed and tibias were exposed at postoperative third week. Follow-up angiography through the superficial femoral artery showed occlusion of the anterior tibial artery. The anterior tibial artery was reconstructed using the contralateral greater saphenous vein graft and the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous and rectus abdominis muscle free flaps were transplanted for repair of necrotic soft tissue. The reconstructed arteries showed good perfusion to the new free flaps until union of the tibias occurred. The patients were followed-up for 21 years and 17 years postoperatively, respectively. In management of open comminuted fracture of the tibia, injury of the arterial system must be ruled out by angiography in addition to evaluation of the degree of soft tissue injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.7 s.264
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• pp.544-548
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein. Material and Method: Between August 2004 and October 2005, 70 limbs in 50 patients were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division and sclero-therapy. The operative indication is valvular incompetence of femoral-saphenous or popliteal-saphenous junction. Patients received local anesthesia and were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division, ligation of incompetent perforating vein and $1{\sim}3%$ sclerosant. Patients received 1 day hospitalization and applied in com-pression stocking for 6 weeks. Patients followed after 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Result: Mean age of patients was $50{\pm}11$. The female was more common. 8 patients was no symptom, another 42 patients complained of pain, heaviness and fatigue of limbs. The symptoms of varicose vein disappeared 1 month after the procedure in all symptomatic patients. 8 patients needed a adjuvant sclerotherapy for residual varicose vein on 1 week after the procedure. There were only minor complications such as hematoma (1), wound infection (1), thrombophlebitis (20), skin blister (10), hyper-pigmentation (1), and skin ulcer (1). Conclusion: We concluded that a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein is simple, less invasive, economical, and effective treatment for primary varicose vein, and it has a special advantage that saphenous vein can be used as a bypass conduit later. The method was selective in old aged patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.691-695
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• 2007

Background: The introduction of central venous catheters in 1979 has aided the administration of chemotherapy to oncologic patients. We analyzed the clinical reviews and complications of totally implantable venous catheters in an effort to achieve optimal management. Material and Method: We retrospectively studied 100 cases with totally implantable venous catheter at our hospital and we report the results. Result: 100 totally implantable venous catheters were placed in the right subclavian vein in 74 cases (74%), the left subclavian vein in 21 cases, the right jugular vein in 3 cases, the left jugular vein in 1 case and the right femoral vein in 1 case. The immediate complications were 5 cases in malposition of the catheter and 5 cases of arterial puncture. The late complications were 1 case of subclavian vein thrombosis, which was treated with anticoagulation, and 2 cases of pinch-of syndrome. There were no other early or late complications. Conclusion: The low rate of complications in this study confirms the safety and convenience of using totally implantable venous catheter in patients undergoing prolonged chemotherapy. Yet because Infection, thrombosis, and catheter fracture are the most common long term complications of totally implantable venous catheters, early diagnosis and management of these problems can prevent severe complications.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2018

Fat embolism refers to the presence of fat droplets within the peripheral and lung microcirculation with or without clinical sequelae. However, early diagnosis of fat embolism is very difficult because the embolism usually does not show at the computed tomography as a large fat complex within vessels. Forty-eight-year-old male with pedestrian traffic accident ransferred from a local hospital by helicopter to the regional trauma center by two flight surgeons on board. At the rendezvous point, he had suffered with dyspnea without any airway obstruction sign with 90% of oxygen saturation from pulse oximetry with giving 15 L of oxygen by a reserve bag mask. The patient was intubated at the rendezvous point. The secondary survey of the patient revealed multiple pelvic bone fracture with sacrum fracture, right femur shaft fracture and right tibia head fracture. Abdominal computed tomography was performed in 191 minutes after the injury and fat embolism with Hounsfield unit of -86 in his right common iliac vein was identified. Here is a very rare case that mass of fat embolism was shown within common iliac vein detected in computed tomography. Early detection of the fat embolus and early stabilization of the fractures are essential to the prevention of sequelae such as cerebral fat embolism.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) before hip fracture by duplex color Doppler ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: From June 2013 to May 2014, 27 patients who had agreed to perform color Doppler ultrasonography before hip fracture surgery were evaluated for the incidence of DVT. Patients who had history of DVT were excluded. Five patients were men and 19 patients were women. The mean age was 74.3 years old (41-87). There were 15 cases of femoral neck fracture, 11 cases of intertrochanteric fractures and one case of acetabular fracture. Surgical intervention underwent within 48 hours from admission and duplex color Doppler ultrasonography was carried out at the day of admission. Results: DVT occurred in six cases (22.2%). Four cases (14.8%) occurred in proximal deep vein and two cases (7.4%) occurred in distal deep vein. The mean period of immobilization was longer in patients who had DVT. But there was no significant difference. The mean age was 79 years old (75-87) in patients who had DVT and 72 years old (65-86) in patients who had not. There was significant difference (p=0.038). Conclusion: The incidence of DVT which was diagnosed by duplex color Doppler ultrasonography before hip fracture surgery was relatively high (22.2%). So it is necessary to undergo duplex color Doppler ultrasonography more aggressively to rule out DVT before hip fracture surgery.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1987

This study is to evaluate the potential use of aclarubicin-loaded gelatin microspheres as an intravascular biodegradable drug delivery system for the regional cancer therapy. The diameter of the microspheres prepared by water in oil emulsion polymerization could be controlled by adjusting the stirring rate in the range of 10-50 $\mu$m : D(in $\mu$m) = -73.8 log (rpm) + 262.7. The addition of proteolytic enzyme increased the in vitro aclarubicin release but it did not change the amount of the initial burst release which reached about 45%. Microspheres injected intravenously into the mouse tail vein embolized only to the lung when observed by fluorescence microscopy. From histological examination following injection of gelatin microspheres into mouse femoral muscle, mild inflammation was observed from the appearance of neutrophils after 2 days and rapid repair process was confirmed thereafter. Biodegradation process of gelatin microspheres lodged on the pulmonary capillary bed was followed up by microscopic observation; degradation was taking place by about 36 hrs, followed by severe damage on the spheerical shape and microspheres was no longer found 10 days after injection.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1993

The influence of cimetidine pretreatment(100mg/kg, single i.p.) on the hepatic blood flow was investigated using pharmacokinetic parameters of indocyanine green(ICG) in the rat on the basis of hepacc perfusion-limited model. ICG(1mg/kg) was respectively administered via femoral and portal vein to the control and to the cimetidine-pretreated rats. The rate constant K12, K20 and the systemic clearance(CLt) of ICG were significantly(p<0.05) decreased ill the cimetidine-pretrea-to(B rats, but no significant diffirences were observed in hematocrit and liver weight. The biliary excretion rates of ICG were also decreased regardless of the route of administration in the cimetidine-pretreated rats. And also the hepatic blood flow in rats was decreased about $16\%$ by cimetidine. It may be concluded that the decreased hepatic blood flow with cimetidine mainly contributed to the decreased hepatic uptake and the decreased systemic clearance of ICG.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.529-532
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• 1999

A five-year-old elk (Cervus canadensis) was presented for necropsy to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University, on May 1999. The farmed elk was died on day 5 after velvet antler removal. By history taking, the elk didn't show any clinical signs except for watery diarrhea during 2 days. For the purpose of physical examination at the velvet antler removal, blood was collected from the femoral vein of elk with a mixture of fentanyl-azaperone-xylazine ($Fentazin-10^{\circledR}$). Urine was collected from the bladder within 3 hours after died. Hemato-logical and clincochemical values of the elk showed normal ranges. In the microscopic finding, many round and ellipse sarcocystis were identified in the cardiac muscle fibers without any surrounding inflammatory reaction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of BR-28702-2, a new antineoplastic agent which is the conjugate of nucleotide and phospholipid, and to compare them with those of ara-C. Male rats were cannulated in the left femoral vein and received a single i.v. bolus dose of either BR-28702-2 or ara-C. BR-28702-2 was also administered i.p. and plasma samples were analyzed by reversedphase HPLC. The t$_{1}$2($\beta$)/ of ara-C(1.22 hr.) was significantly smaller than that of BR-28702-2(4.420 hr.). The absolute bioavailability of BR-28702-2 after i.p. injection was 1.125%. This lower bioavailability, together with previous reports that marked antineoplastic activity was observed when given i.p., indicates that BR-28702-2 would act as a depot system to release active moieties. Further works, therefore, need to be done to characterize active metabolites.