• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

To investigate the decrease of BMD by age and the risk factor of osteoporosis in Korean men. We describe the study of a five-years retrospective observational study with male patients. Eighty Korean men who visited hospital for health screening were assessed for this study from 2002 to 2006. We evaluated the BMD of the femoral neck and L-spine, and the preferences and habits in the life. The data were collected for 5 years, and we analysed the five-years change of BMD and the relations between BMD and other factors. Subjects were divided into 3 group by 1st assessment of femoral neck BMD, and were compared with each other. The age of subjects was $43.15{\pm}4.82$ and BMD of femoral neck was $-0.61{\pm}0.97$ and BMD of L-spine was $-0.67{\pm}1.10$ in the first year assessment. The femoral neck BMD of 4th and 5th assessment was decreased significantly compared to that of 1st assessment. The L-spine BMD of 2nd assessment was decreased significantly compared to the 1st assessment. There was no significant correlation between the changes of BMD and preferences or habits-drinking, smoking, eating habit, exercise. The femoral neck BMD of 5th assessment was decreased significantly compared to that of 1st assessment in the high femoral neck BMD group. And there was no significant change of femoral BMD and L-spine BMD in other groups. Low BMD group in the 1st assessment showed lowest BMD in the 5th assessment and high BMD group in the 1st assessment showed highest BMD in the 5th assessment. We can guess that the young men who has low BMD could have high risk of osteoporosis when he became older. And the femoral BMD should be considered important in anticipating the changes of BMD in middle aged men.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.167-189
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the factors which are related to Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of female for prevention of osteoporosis. We measured the BMD of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 4802 female, using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA; DPX-alpha. Lunar, U.S.A.). and then analysed the 9 factors-age group, body mass index(BMI), amount of smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and fast blood sugar-which are related to BMD of female. The following results were obtained : 1. In age group, T-score was the highest at 36－42(六七) years group in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and at 15－21(三七) years group in femoral neck. and then it was decreased rapidly after 43－49(七七) years group in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. Therefore we concluded that T-score of female in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck change according to age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$. 2. In BMI, T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck were increased according to BMI increase. 3. In amount of drinking and smoking, T-score was highest in heavy groups(women who have drunk soju more than 4 bottles for a week) in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. But there t was no significant difference in comparison according to age group. 4. In exercise, T-score was higher in exercising group than non exercising group. And it appeared that women who have taken proper exercise had higher T-score than women who have taken exercise daily. 5. T-score was higher in women who ordinarily sleep well in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck than sleep badly. And there was significant difference in 43-56 years group. 6. T-score was low in the group that exceed 110mg/dl in fast blood sugar. Conclusions : The age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$ is related to BMD of women. And risk factors-BMI, exercise, sleep, fast blood sugar, thyroid disease-are related to BMD of women. Therefore we expect that this study will help for prevention of osteoporosis of women, and further study will be achieved.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 1998

The accurate measurement of the femoral anteversion is important for the derotational osteotomy. To estimate femoral anteversion, following three major parameters are required; the neck axis, the long axis, and the knee axis. Conventional methods on the basis of 2D images are ambiguous to determine these major axes. As the femur has a complex 3 dimensional structure, the 3 dimensional model should be applied for accurate and reliable measurement of femoral anteversion. In this thesis, we model femur and define three parameters. The neck axis is defined from the femoral head and neck model. The long axis is determined from the cylindrical model of the femoral shaft. The knee axis is also determined from the model of femoral condyles. According to the definition of the femoral anteversion, the femoral anteversion is efficiently estimated from these models. 20 specimens were tested by the conventional 2D imaging method and 3D imaging method witch was developed by authors and the new 3D modeling method. The study provides accurate, fast and human factor free measurement for femoral anteversion.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

MRI imaging is one of the imaging techniques showing anatomical structures of human body for medical diagnosis, and has been researched in order to provide better quality of anatomical information. In this study, we propose a very useful method to extract an interest areas and how to diagnose necrolysis of femoral neck disease automatically. Regions of femoral neck is set using anatomical features and Hough transform and advantages of both region extension and histogram-based region segmentation method are combined for better region segmentation. As a result of the proposed method, good imaging quality was obtained for femoral neck with both normal and severe necrosis as well as for femoral neck in early stage of necrolysis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2018

This report showed the clinical outcome of an elderly patient with a femoral neck fracture who was treated non-operatively with Korean medical treatment. The patient had acupuncture, herbal medication, moxibustion, and participated in physical rehabilitation for 3 months. The effects of Korean medical treatment were measured every 2 weeks using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Harris hip score (HHS). After treatments, the NRS score for hip pain decreased from 8 to 2, and the HHS increased from 0 to 43. A 42-month follow-up showed the patient's NRS score was 0 and the HHS was 61. Furthermore, an X-ray showed complete union of the femoral neck fracture with no suspicion of avascular necrosis. These results suggest that Korean medical treatment can effectively reduce pain and aid rehabilitation in patient with femoral neck fractures with no surgery, resulting in complete union of the fracture.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1996

One nine-minth-old female crossbred dog of Maltese and Shih-tzu with chief complaints of left hindlimb lameness and pain was diagnosed as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease(LCPD) in radiographic examination. Femoral head and neck ostectomy for the treatment of LCPD obtained effective result.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

There were some controversies about direct cause of hip fracture. We attempted to look at 40 osteoporotic proximal femur fractures in women over 50 years between March in 1999 and Febuary in 2000. The bone density of the fracture group and the healthy 85 control group was measured by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The result was compared using age matched paired T test. The results were as follows ; 1. The femoral neck fractures were 14 cases and the trochanteric fractures were 26 cases. Mean age at a fracture was 67.1 years in neck fracture group and 76.5 years in trochanteric fracture. 2. In the control group, the bone density of both side of the proximal femur was measured and it showed statistically no difference between both sides in same person. 3. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter(P<0.05) and lumbar spine(P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral fracture group comparing with the control group. 4. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter(P<0.05) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral neck fracture group comparing with the control group, but there was no statistical difference in lumbar spine comparing with the control group. 5. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter and lumbar spine(P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral neck fracture group comparing with the control group. We concluded that the bone mineral densities(BMD) of proximal femur and lumbar spine had decreased in hip fractures but that the bone mineral density and T-score % of the proximal femur were statistically lower than that of the lumbar spine. We suggest that measuring the bone mineral density of the proximal femur may reflect the weakness of the proximal femur more precisely than measuring the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.418-425
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

Bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic study; calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene is a good candidate influencing the inter-individual difference in BMD because CTR is involved in calcium and bone metabolism. Thus, we investigated the distribution of C1377T polymorphism in the CTR gene among male Korean elite athletic and control groups, respectively and also an association with BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck. Our results suggested that this polymorphism of CTR gene was not significantly associated with lumbar spine or femoral neck BMDs in the both groups, respectively. However, we found that there was the racial difference in genotype distribution of this polymorphism between Caucasian and Asian populations. Though we could not detect the significant association between C1377T polymorphism of CTR gene and lumbar spine or femoral neck BMDs, further studies using other ethnic groups are necessary to clarify the precise role in BMD of CTR gene.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.779-790
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• 2002

Nutritional factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in the different age groups of Korean women were investigated to obtain baseline data for maintaining bone health. Information on diet and anthropometry were collected in 80 elementary school children (height 127.2 cm, weight 27.3 kg), 84 high school students (height 161.6 cm, weight 52.4 kg), 100 adults aged 25 to 35 years (height 159.4 cm, weight 52.7 kg) and 120 elderly people over 60 years of age (height 150.9 cm, weight 55.6 kg). Data for nutrient intake were obtained by 24-hour recall method. BMDs of lumbar spine (L$_2$-L$_4$) and femoral neck were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between BMD of femoral neck and nutritional factors were analyzed. The average BMD of femoral neck for females was 0.61 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in children, 0.88 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in adolescents, 0.90 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in adults, 0.64 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in elderly people. Among the adult subjects, 11.0% was classified as osteopenia in the femoral neck. For the elderly, the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 34.2% and 47.5% of the subjects. It was shown the intake of energy, protein, plant protein, animal protein, fat, carbohydrate, Ca, P, Fe, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, carbohydrate energy percent and fat energy percent influenced bone health status in all age groups. In the MAR on bone health status, children, adult and elderly subjects were significantly different among groups classified by bone health status and the MAR of the groups with good in bone health was higher. The RDA percent of each nutrient was influence factor on BMD. Nutrient intake of energy, protein, P, Fe, thiamin, niacin were lower BMD on below 75% of Korean RDA. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors were influence on BMD. MAR on femoral neck BMD of children and elderly subjects was the highest influence factor. Beyond this, the most influential dietary factors on BMD were the vitamin A, total Ca and vegetable Ca. The above results have confirmed that dietary factors influence BMD in various age groups. Energy, protein, Ca, P, Fe, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C as well as MAR were important dietary factors influencing BMD. The results of this study revealed that people who received sufficient nutrients intake showed healthy bone status. The MAR mainly influenced the bone health status.