• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

Pulse-feeling took its origin from making a diagnosis along meridians in the course of discovering and forming meridians and for a long time its meaning was mixed with meridians in the course of recognizing "The Pulse" then was separated from meridians in the early days of Western Han Dynasty. Ancient pulse-feeling methods are pulse-feeling method by the twelve regular meridians, pulse-feeling method by three regions and nine modes, pulse-feeling method by Inyeong(人迎) and Chon-gu(寸口), etc. Pulse-feeling was changed in proportion to diagnostic purpose and method of treating and if method and region of pulse-feeling is arranged, we will infer correlation between meridians and pulse-feeling and will infer transitional system of past pulse-feeling and will forecast transition of future pulse-feeling. As the result that I study the transition of the above three pulse-feeling methods of meridians diagnosis: 1. Three pulse-feeling methods of meridians diagnosis flowed into diagnostic method by taking pulse of setting six region for Chon(寸), Gwan(關) and Cheok(尺), i.e. the Chon[寸] spot pulse of $\ll$Nan-gyeong$\gg$ and were changed into diagnostic method being fit for use of five Su points, The Front-Mo points and Back-Su points that grasp the pathology of mutual internal organs and treat the disease. 2. Today it is suggesting the transition of another pulse-feeling method that do not apply diagnostic method by taking pulse of setting six region for Chon(寸), Gwan(關) and Cheok(尺), i.e. the Chon[寸] spot pulse of $\ll$Nan-gyeong$\gg$ to 19C Sasang(四象) Constitutional Medicine or 20C Eight Constitutional Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2019

Objectives : By studying the contents of Zhang Yuansu's "Zhenmairushijie", which are introductory remarks of "Chandobangronmaekkyulgipseong", this study attempts to clarify the academic meaning expressed in it and consider his real significance. Methods : First, based on previous studies on Zhang Yuansu and "Wangshuhemaijue", this study divides the contents of "Zhenmairushijie" into 4 chapters and read out the original text. Next, based on Zhang Yuansu's notes and other writings on the original text, this study examines contents in detail. Finally, based on the discussion, this study examines the current significance of academic thoughts expressed in Zhang Yuansu's "Zhenmairushijie". Results ＆ Conclusions : "Zhenmairushijie" emphasizes the combination of nervation and Byeonggi in the process of feeling the pulse for diagnosis, the combination of Byeonggi and Yongyak to declare that the feeling of the pulse for diagnosis is the principle of differential diagnosis. The combination principle of nervation-Byeonggi can be found in comprehensive pulse methods of "Nanjing", and the combination of Byeonggi-Yongyak should follow Ohaeng's Bubuheoshilsajeongbosa principle. Pulse methods of "Wangshuhemaijue" integrated Byeonggi expressed in Uigyeong and Byeonggi in Gyeongbang in the process of the feeling of the pulse for diagnosis to present the principle of diagnosis to perform Byeongjeungronchi. Therefore, "feeling the pulse for diagnosis ipsik" is not only an introductory remark of feeling the pulse for diagnosis, but an comprehensive remark of whole diagnosis as well. It is an introductory remark of the entire medical field due to the nature of oriental medicine which emphasizes diagnosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of the medical examination. The medical examination and treatment method is composed of Mang(inspection)-Moon(listening)-Moon(anammesis & question)-Jeol(pulse feeling, precussion etc.). Among these 4 methods, the Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region, which is one of the JeolJin, is regarded as the most important method along with pulse feeling. The Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region, which includes the examination of the symptoms and their changes in stomach area to understand the pathological progress of the JangFu, Meridian and Qi-Blood, has been highly emphasized in Western and Eastern Medical Science. External trouble, for instance a cold, can be detected by examining pulse, Internal trouble, for instance indigestion, by Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region. Though the Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region was the important part of the JeolJin, it was often devaluated. The Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region will also be composed of 4 kinds of method on Mang-Moon-Moon-Jeol. We thought that the first of the Abdominal Region Diagnosis is a Mangjin(inspection). So we present the new viewpoint of the abdomen of a diagnosis through emphasizing the importance of Mangjin(inspection).

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.2 s.17
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

Pulse feeling is one of the most important diagnosis method in Oriental medicine. But it is not easy to make an objective and standardized diagnosis. In this study, we found how to quantify diagnosis. Specially dally the high practicality in clinic, we search some parameters especially well-related to floating and sinking pulse by statistic analysis. By extension, we find the pulse patterns of the floating and sinking pulse. We choose 15 subjects diagnosed as floating pulse and 15 subjects diagnosed as sinking pulse by oriental doctors. And their pulse signals were acquired by Pulse analyzer which has piezoresistive pressure sensor. For the quantification of the floating and sinking pulse, at first, we examined the parameters which were highly correlated with oriental doctor's diagnosis. And then we derived pulse patterns of the floating-sinking pulse from preprocessed signal and its ensemble average. We also looked trend variation (PH-Curve) between contact and pulse pressure. As a result, statistically there is the biggest difference between contact pressure, the maximum pulse pressure, diastolic area (Ad) and floating and sinking data. Through the PH-Curve, which represented the relationship between contact and pulse pressure, we could divide the floating and sinking pulse clearly. As a basic research of pulse diagnosis algorithm, we can contribute to select essential parameters in diagnosis algorithm And using these diagnosis method, we expect to find typical pulse patterns and some useful parameters about other pulses like slow/rapid, large/fine pulse and so on. We hope that this study will contribute pulse objectification.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Pulse diagnosis refers to the process of diagnosing a patient by feeling an artery on the wrist based on the shape that the pulse take s while the hold-down pressure increase. The styloid process artery on the wrist is usually felt, and the pulse is taken on Chon, Gwan and Cheok using three fingers. This study is to examine the structural difference in the location of pulse diagnosis by measuring and analyzing blood diameter, blood depth, and blood flow velocity of the location of pulse diagnosis by using ultrasonic wave (VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical, U.S.A). This study also attempted to grasp whether the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed their correlation with Oriental medical pulse diagnosis. The male subjects without cardiovascular diseases were divided into the normal BMI group, the underweight group and the overweight group and 10 people of each group were measured, Blood depth, blood diameter and blood flow velocity at the location of pulse diagnosis (Chon, Gwan, Cheok) of the wrists of left and right hands were measured and the pulse wave was measured by using pulse diagnosis instrument (3-D Mac, DaeyoMedi, Korea).The results of this study showed that the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on the degrees of obesity, and the characteristics of floating pulse and sinking pulse of Oriental medical pulses were related to the degrees of obesity. This shows that the characteristics of the blood vessels of subjects and BMI information are the major indicators for diagnosis and are the matters that must always be considered when developing the algorithm of pulse diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

A radial artery pulse wave is well known as a good mans to diagnose human body condition in th field of Chinese medical science. Information about constitution as well as organs can be obtained by detecting the artery pulse wave. Recently, the information about the human body constitution may be utilized in accelerating the recovery process of the patient on the basis of comprehensive diagnosis. A radial artery pulse wave is considered as one of promising means in examining the human body constitution. Since the examination has been conducted by the feeling of finger, the diagnosis may occasionally have uncertainty or fatal error. In this paper, a new measuring system is suggested and developed to examine the pattern of a pulse wave correctly. The system is composed of four pressure vessels, pressure sensors and air supplying pumps. One of them is utilized for appropriately pressing the radial artery, three of them for detecting pressure change in several mmHg level. The detected data is shown and discussed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objective: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has emerged as an important optical imaging modality in non-invasive medical diagnostics. Hence, the aim of this study is to measure the similarity of the diagnosis by a traditional method using doctor's hand for feeling of pulse and by the non-contact/non-invasive pulse analyzing system using OCT on Chon(寸), Kwan(關), Chuk(尺). Method: Four korean medical doctors and the non-contact/non-invasive pulse analyzing system using OCT have measured the rapidity, the dimension, and the power of pulse waves of 25 volunteers. First, four korean medical doctors measured pulse waves of volunteers. During measuring, four doctors were separated from each other and so were volunteers. And then, the pulse waves of volunteers were measured by OCT. This was performed on the right Chon(寸), Kwan(關), Chuk(尺). Results: The study showed that the traditional method and the OCT based method had the 88% matches on the values of the slow and rapid pulse condition (遲數), 64% matches on the values of the small and big pulse condition(微細弱緩大[洪]), and 72% matches on the values of the weak and strong pulse condition(虛實). Conclusions: Based on the high similarities of the measurements of two approaches, we suggest that the OCT based pulse diagnosis method is useful for compensating the traditional method for the pulse diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1997-1998
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• 2008

Pulse diagnosis is the one of the most important diagnostic process to traditional medical doctors. Although the pulse diagnosis position, Gwan is apart from Chon or Cheok by 10$\sim$20mm at most, traditional medical doctors applies different indent pressures and even they states different pulse images are felt at Chon, Gwan and Cheok. One the other hand, the education on pulse diagnosis behavior includes tantalizing problem caused by no tool for communication between trainer and trainee. On account of this situation, we tried to develop a system which can measure the hold-down pressure during a pulse diagnosis and compare the hold-down pressure profile of trainer and that of trainee. This system can be divided into three parts - pulse pressure sensing part, signal acquisition part and data storing part. A correction curve was generated by the relation between output voltages and standard weights. Using this system, 3 channel hold-down pressure profile of a oriental medical doctor were recorded three times. In the profile, three period were observed and all period included two process for searching the depth of pulsation and for classifying the pulse feeling into one or more of 28 pulse types. The maximum value of pulse profile was 1.3$kg{\cdot}f$ which was more than reported by previous chinese groups and the mean values of three channel ranged from 240$g{\cdot}f$ to 430$g{\cdot}f$. In frequency domain, each channel has some dominant frequency components - about 10Hz, 35Hz and 75Hz. In further study, we want to collect more profiles from lage number of oriental medicine doctors and hope to develop a measuring system which can measure the hold-down pressure on subject's skin directly.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

In pulse diagnosis, floating pulse and sinking pulse are frequently used for diagnosis about where disease is located and how much severe they are. However, in what mechanism floating pulse and sinking pulse arise is not known well. There are two point of views on substantial of floating pulse and sinking pulse. The first one is the floating and sinking degrees is the expression on the depth of pulsation. And, the second one is floating and sinking pulse is based on the response of pulsation to the indent pressure on radial artery. In this paper, we discussed these two opinions in the view point of tonometric measurement. The process for diagnosis on floating pulse and sinking pulse is similar to the tonometric measurement for non invasive blood pressure or intraocular pressure. We modelled the degrees of depth of pulsation with different indent pressures for initial pulsation feeling and different slopes of indent pressure lines. From this modelling, we can confirm the effect of pulsation depth on P-H curve, that is, in the model where lower pulsation is assumed, the shift of optimal indent pressure to the right was observed. The response of pulse pressure to the indent pressure was tried to be modelled with the degrees of mean blood pressure. Consequently, we tried to model the phenomenon of floating and sinking pulse for the first. And, from this modelling, we can get abundant understanding on how floating and sinking pulse can be caused. In the further study, we want to prove the suitability of this tonometric measurement based modelling with various studies including ultrasound measurement for the depth of pulsation in different EMI subjects.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

Objectives : The pulse diagnosis is an important method in Oriental Medicine. The aim of this study is to measure the similarity of the diagnosis by a traditional method using doctor's hand for feeling of pulse and by pulse diagnosis apparatus using Hwang-Je (HJ) pulse analyser, Hui-Su (HS) pulse analyser on Chon, Kwan and Chuk. Methods : Four korean medical doctors and HJ pulse analyser, HS pulse analyser have measured the speed (遲數), the size (微細弱緩大), and the depth (浮沈) of pulse waves of 23 volunteers. First, four korean medical doctors measured pulse waves of volunteers. And then, the pulse waves of volunteers were measured by HJ pulse analyser, HS pulse analyser. This was performed on the right Chon, Kwan and Chuk. Results : The traditional method and the HJ pulse analyser method had the 60.9% matches on the values of the pulse speed condition, the HS pulse analyser method had the 78.3% matches on the values of the pulse speed condition. The traditional method and the HJ pulse analyser method had the 56.5% (Chon), 65.2% (Kwan), 78.3% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse size condition, the HS pulse analyser method had the 65.2% (Chon), 13.0% (Kwan), 39.1% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse size condition. The traditional method and the HJ pulse analyser method had the 43.5% (Chon), 26.1% (Kwan), 47.8% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse depth condition, the HS pulse analyser method had the 45.5% (Chon), 30.4% (Kwan), 36.8% (Chuk) matches on the values of the pulse depth condition. Conclusions : According to these results, we suggest that the pulse analyser is necessary to develope for its high similarities with the traditional pulse diagnosis.